本研究從2009-2010全國成人煙草使用率的調查數據，研討不同類型的戒菸方式對於個體行為異質性所造成的影響。先前的研究顯示有意願想要戒菸的吸菸者有外部戒菸控制方式的需求，然而我們無法在有限的研究中找出相同的吸煙者不滿意對於外部戒菸的控制需求。此外我們發現，高成癮率和高程度的吸菸量提高吸煙者對尼古丁替代物或其他藥物的需求。我們在這份研究中甚至發現，無知的雙曲線貼現吸煙者降低外部需求的戒菸者對於禁煙令或香煙稅當中的關係。 / Using data from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, this study investigates how the heterogeneity of individual behaviors affects demand for different types of cessation supports. Previous studies have demonstrated that smokers with a desire to quit have a demand for external cessation controls, however, there is limited research into how those same smokers demand individual disutility decreasing supports like nicotine replacement or counseling. We find that high addiction and consumption levels increase the demand for nicotine replacement or other medication. We also find support linking naïf hyperbolic discounters to lower demand for external cessation supports like smoking bans or cigarette taxes.

L’émergence de l’informatique dans les nuages met en avant de nombreux défis qui pourraient limiter l’adoption du paradigme Cloud. Tandis que la taille des données traitées par les applications Cloud augmente exponentiellement, un défi majeur porte sur la conception de solutions efficaces pour la gestion de données. Cette thèse a pour but de concevoir des mécanismes d’auto-adaptation pour des systèmes de gestion de données, afin qu’ils puissent répondre aux exigences des services de stockage Cloud en termes de passage à l’échelle, disponibilité et sécurité des données. De plus, nous nous proposons de concevoir un service de données qui soit à la fois compatible avec les interfaces Cloud standard dans et capable d’offrir un stockage de données à haut débit. Pour relever ces défis, nous avons proposé des mécanismes génériques pour l’auto-connaissance, l’auto-protection et l’auto-configuration des systèmes de gestion de données. Ensuite, nous les avons validés en les intégrant dans le logiciel BlobSeer, un système de stockage qui optimise les accès hautement concurrents aux données. Finalement, nous avons conçu et implémenté un système de fichiers s’appuyant sur BlobSeer, afin d’optimiser ce dernier pour servir efficacement comme support de stockage pour les services Cloud. Puis, nous l’avons intégré dans un environnement Cloud réel, la plate-forme Nimbus. Les avantages et les désavantages de l’utilisation du stockage dans le Cloud pour des applications réelles sont soulignés lors des évaluations effectuées sur Grid’5000. Elles incluent des applications à accès intensif aux données, comme MapReduce, et des applications fortement couplées, comme les simulations atmosphériques. / The emergence of Cloud computing brings forward many challenges that may limit the adoption rate of the Cloud paradigm. As data volumes processed by Cloud applications increase exponentially, designing efficient and secure solutions for data management emerges as a crucial requirement. The goal of this thesis is to enhance a distributed data-management system with self-management capabilities, so that it can meet the requirements of the Cloud storage services in terms of scalability, data availability, reliability and security. Furthermore, we aim at building a Cloud data service both compatible with state-of-the-art Cloud interfaces and able to deliver high-throughput data storage. To meet these goals, we proposed generic self-awareness, self-protection and self-configuration components targeted at distributed data-management systems. We validated them on top of BlobSeer, a large-scale data-management system designed to optimize highly-concurrent data accesses. Next, we devised and implemented a BlobSeer-based file system optimized to efficiently serve as a storage backend for Cloud services. We then integrated it within a real-world Cloud environment, the Nimbus platform. The benefits and drawbacks of using Cloud storage for real-life applications have been emphasized in evaluations that involved data-intensive MapReduce applications and tightly-coupled, high-performance computing applications.

The complexity of mental development in humans together with human interaction in the social context presents itself to be a continued source of investigation and exploration. Emotional Intelligence (EI) is such a field of study in the discipline of psychology. Researchers emphasized the importance and value of emotional development ("soft-skills") equal to cognitive development (“hard-skills”). EI abilities are associated with key skills and competencies required for operating successfully in today’s organizations. This study focused on this theme specifically and tried to determine how EI training impacted on the success of the individual who fits the modern working profile and how emotionally intelligent employees are beneficial to organisational success overall. An ethnographic qualitative study (including an autoethnography) was performed on individuals of different participant groupings who completed the Neuro-Link EI Program. The aim was to assess if they showed increased growth in areas of EI, specifically addressed in the program namely self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and social management. Findings indicated that EI training works with positive results. It was of great value to the individual having an immense impact on their personal lives. It further had a major positive impact on the group dynamics of individuals who attended the training. At companies where facilitators presented the program, EI training had a positive impact. A conclusion on the impact that such training had on the two companies whose staff members directly participated in this study, was not yet possible at the time of the study. The development of an awareness model for the promotion of EI training in the workplace is recommended. This may increase available knowledge regarding corporate EI training but also accelerates an emerging, but a too slowly growing movement. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Text in English / Exploring the Impact of Emotional Intelligence Training in the Workplace. The complexity of mental development in humans together with human interaction in the social context presents itself to be a continued source of investigation and exploration. Emotional Intelligence (EI) is such a field of study in the discipline of psychology. Researchers emphasized the importance and value of emotional development ("soft-skills") equal to cognitive development (“hard-skills”). EI abilities are associated with key skills and competencies required for operating successfully in today’s organizations. This study focused on this theme specifically and tried to determine how EI training impacted on the success of the individual who fits the modern working profile and how emotionally intelligent employees are beneficial to organisational success overall. An ethnographic qualitative study (including an autoethnography) was performed on individuals of different participant groupings who completed the Neuro-Link EI Program. The aim was to assess if they showed increased growth in areas of EI, specifically addressed in the program namely self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and social management. Findings indicated that EI training works with positive results. It was of great value to the individual having an immense impact on their personal lives. It further had a major positive impact on the group dynamics of individuals who attended the training. At companies where facilitators presented the program, EI training had a positive impact. A conclusion on the impact that such training had on the two companies whose staff members directly participated in this study, was not yet possible at the time of the study. The development of an awareness model for the promotion of EI training in the workplace is recommended. This may increase available knowledge regarding corporate EI training but also accelerates an emerging, but a too slowly growing movement. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Les études mettent en évidence des problèmes de santé psychologique chez les professionnels de la santé. Par contre, les facteurs permettant d’expliquer ces difficultés sont peu connus (p. ex., Cohen & Patten, 2005). Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier les déterminants de la santé psychologique des professionnels de la santé en se basant sur une théorie validée empiriquement. À cette fin, la théorie de l’autodétermination (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000) est utilisée comme cadre conceptuel et le soutien à l’autonomie (Black & Deci, 2000; Grolnick & Ryan, 1989) est proposé comme déterminant principal de la santé psychologique. Le premier article consiste en une recension des conséquences et corrélats associés au soutien à l’autonomie dans divers domaines de vie. Le deuxième article a pour objectif de tester un modèle prédictif de la santé psychologique auprès de médecins résidents. Le modèle propose que la concordance des tâches (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999) et la conscience de soi (Goldman & Kernis, 2002) sont deux sources distinctes d’autonomie qui prédisent de façon indépendante la santé psychologique. De plus, le soutien à l’autonomie de la part des superviseurs est suggéré comme étant un déterminant important de la concordance des tâches et de la conscience de soi. Au total, 333 médecins résidents de la province de Québec (Canada) ont rempli un questionnaire comportant différentes mesures. Des analyses par équations structurelles révèlent une excellente adéquation du modèle. Le troisième article examine l’influence du soutien à l’autonomie des collègues sur la satisfaction au travail ainsi que sur la santé psychologique des professionnels de la santé. Au total, 597 jeunes professionnels de la santé ont rempli un questionnaire incluant diverses mesures. Les résultats confirment que le soutien à l’autonomie perçu de la part des collègues prédit la santé psychologique et la satisfaction au travail. De plus, des régressions hiérarchiques démontrent que le soutien à l’autonomie des collègues contribue à la prédiction de la satisfaction au travail, du bien-être subjectif et des idéations suicidaires au-delà de ce qui est prédit par le soutien à l’autonomie des superviseurs. Les implications théoriques et pratiques de ces recherches sont discutées. / Past studies have revealed psychological health problems among health professionals, but less is known about the factors that may explain these difficulties (e.g., Cohen & Patten, 2005). The goal of this dissertation is to examine the antecedents of health professionals’ psychological health based on an empirically validated theory. To this end, self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000) is used as a conceptual framework and autonomy support (Black & Deci, 2000; Grolnick & Ryan, 1989) is proposed as a principal predictor of psychological health. The first article is a literature review of the consequences and correlates of autonomy support in various life domains. The second article aims at testing a predictive model of medical residents’ psychological health. Tasks self-concordance (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999) and self-awareness (Goldman & Kernis, 2002) are hypothesized to be two different pathways toward autonomy that should independently predict psychological health. The model further posits that perceived supervisors’ autonomy support should be an important determinant of both tasks self-concordance and self-awareness. A total of 333 medical residents from the province of Quebec (Canada) completed a questionnaire, which included various measures. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed an excellent model fit. The third article explores the contribution of colleagues’ autonomy support in the prediction of health professionals’ work satisfaction and psychological health. A total of 597 young health professionals from the province of Quebec (Canada) completed a questionnaire, which included different measures. Results confirmed that colleagues’ autonomy support predicts work satisfaction and psychological health. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analyses showed that colleagues’ autonomy support adds to the prediction of health professionals’ work satisfaction, subjective well-being, and suicidal ideation above and beyond supervisors’ autonomy support. The theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed.

The fact that an understanding of the self determines one's self-esteem and that self-esteem is an important contributor to one's achievements is seemingly undisputed. Self-esteem is not only a product of how others evaluate an individual but also, and most importantly, how an individual evaluates himself or herself. At times people tend to evaluate themselves unrealistically while at other times they evaluate themselves realistically. Unrealistic self-evaluation is mostly a characteristic of adolescence and if this is not managed properly it can have a dire consequence for the adolescent's future. Adolescence is an important but also a difficult stage in the development of an individual. During this stage profound physical, emotional, psychological and cognitive changes occur. It is a period during which decisions about careerpaths and the demands that such decisions will place on the individual are made. It is therefore during this stage that realistic self-evaluation becomes critical. This research study was undertaken in order to determine how the Venda-speaking adolescents evaluate themselves and whether such self-evaluation is realistic or not. The research was motivated by an observation that the school drop-out rate is high and that an increasing number of girl learners fall pregnant before completing Grade 12. It is assumed that these tendencies and behaviours are a product of the learners' self-evaluation. A theoretical background on self-evaluation was then given through a literature review. In the process a link was established between self-evaluation and constructs such as self-concept, self-esteem, self worth, self-identity as well as personality. Different theories used to explain present and expected future behaviour were also discussed. After this review question items were drawn and compiled into questionnaires to be administered to randomly selected learners, teachers and parents. The question items, sixty in number, were categorised into the following dimensions of self-evaluation: * Physical self * Academic self * Social self * Value self * Family self * Psychological self Each dimension was covered by ten question items which were tested for validity and reliability. The research study came up with the following findings: * Parents and teachers agree in their evaluation of adolescents regarding the dimensions mentioned above * Adolescents rate themselves significantly more favourably than teachers and parents evaluate them. * Venda-speaking adolescents evaluate themselves unrealistically. It is hoped that the findings and recommendations of this research will be beneficial to schools, policy-makers and parents. Learning areas such as Life Orientation can be used to help learners evaluate themselves more realistically. Programmes can also be developed to ensure that adolescent self-evaluation is congruent with present behaviour. / Educational Studies / D. Ed (Psychology of Education)

No description available.

The aim of this study is to determine the influence of personality type as described by Jungian personality theory on marriage problems and to determine the usability of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to solve problems in the understanding and appreciating of individual personality differences. The research depicts the importance of self-awareness to maintain significant relationships. Self-awareness is conceptualised as an integral part of personality psychology. Accurate personality assessment is described as a means to gain accurate self-awareness. A literature study is done on personality theories to discover what role they play in marriage counselling. The question - where does the personality theory of Jung fit into personality psychology and marriage counselling - is answered. The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator® as an application of Jungian personality theory and an assessment technique to gain accurate self-awareness is discussed. A literature study of different marriage counselling approaches is presented and the focus of these approaches is discussed. None of these approaches used personality theory explicitly. A marriage counselling approach is developed which integrates the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The approach has five pillars: 1. Developing mutual trust 2. Recognizing and accepting individual differences 3. Giving and receiving feedback 4. Solving problems 5. Letting go of the past The research presents case studies, which confirm that the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator does help individuals and couples to become self-aware and develop awareness of the differences between their personality types. This self-awareness helps to rebuild marital relationships. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / DTH (PRACTICAL THEOLOGY)

This research intended to explore and describe a self-injuring adolescent girl‘s experiences of using graphic symbolic analogue drawings as an alternative coping skill for emotional expression and a creative adjustment with regard to her problems. This study investigated concepts/themes from literature, regarding the phenomenon of self-injuring in adolescents; and explored theoretical aspects of the use of art/analogue drawing as part of a Gestalt therapeutic process. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews before and after the therapeutic drawing interventions, by observation and feedback from the participant. Data was analysed and interpreted against the background of the participant‘s problems, focusing on themes described in literature and experiential moments of awareness/reframing. Conclusions and recommendations are made; indicating shortcomings as well. This research may contribute to the knowledge base with regard to drawing techniques as alternative therapeutic intervention and also the value thereof for finding of immediate emotional release for patients. / Hierdie navorsing het beoog om ‗n selfbeserende adolessente meisie se ervaring van die gebruik van grafiese, simboliese analogiese-tekeninge as hanteringsvaardigheid vir uitdrukking van emosionele probleme en alternatiewe kreatiewe aanpassingstegniek te ondersoek en te beskryf. Die studie het konsepte/temas oor die fenomeen van selfbeserende gedrag by adolessente in die literatuur; asook teoretiese aspekte in die gebruik van kuns/analogiese-tekeninge as deel van ‗n Gestaltterapeutiese proses ondersoek. Data is versamel by wyse van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude voor en na die tekenintervensies, deur observasies en ook terugvoer vanaf die deelnemer. Data is geanaliseer en geïnterpreteer teen die agtergrond van die deelnemer se persoonlike probleme met die fokus op temas in die literatuur en momente van eksperiële bewuswording en herformulering. Gevolgtrekkinge en aanbevelings is gemaak; insluitend tekortkominge in die studie. Die navorsing mag bydra tot die bestaande kennisbasis met betrekking tot teken-tegnieke as alternatiewe intervensies en ook die waarde daarvan vir onmiddellike emosionele verligting vir pasiënte. / Social Science / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

La question de la compétence de l’entrepreneur est tout à fait centrale. Cependant la prise en compte de cette notion demeure un problème persistant qui inhibe les performances de l’accompagnement et entrave ainsi le développement du phénomène entrepreneurial. Dans ce travail de recherche, nous avons orienté notre intérêt vers le concept des compétences entrepreneuriales afin de repositionner la relation accompagnateur/créateur au centre du processus d’accompagnement. Nous avons mis en œuvre une recherche axée sur l’analyse de l’auto-perception des compétences entrepreneuriales par les entrepreneurs naissants faisant l’objet d’un accompagnement dans une structure d’appui.Sur la base de l’ensemble des classifications typologiques des compétences des entrepreneurs, nous avons arrêté le choix de l’objet de notre étude sur la typologie proposée par Man et al. (2002). Les auteurs proposent un modèle conceptuel permettant de relier les caractéristiques des entrepreneurs des PME et la performance de leur entreprise. Partant de la conviction selon laquelle la prise en compte des compétences est susceptible de produire des nouveaux outils et pratiques d'accompagnement mieux adaptés à la compréhension et la valorisation des différentes dimensions du phénomène entrepreneurial, la problématique soulevée dans cette recherche est de savoir : dans quelle mesure une structure d’accompagnement en phase post-création contribue-t-elle à l’amélioration de l’auto-perception des entrepreneurs de leurs compétences entrepreneuriales?Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons opté pour une étude empirique quantitative et longitudinale. Dans le but d’accéder au terrain et de collecter le maximum de données, notre étude a été réalisée dans le cadre d’un partenariat entre le centre de recherche en Entrepreneuriat de l’EM Lyon Business School (CRE) et Réseau Entreprendre® (RE®). Nous avons réalisé, parallèlement, trois études longitudinales à travers lesquelles nous avons administré, à deux reprises et avec 8 mois d’intervalle le même questionnaire auprès de trois populations différentes : lauréats de Réseau Entreprendre® (population de base), les accompagnateurs et candidats non retenus (groupe témoin). Les trois premières vagues de questionnaires ont été lancées le 29 février 2012, les secondes, vers la fin du mois d’octobre 2012.Pour réaliser les traitements d’analyse, nous avons utilisé l’approche des régressions linéaires avec le logiciel SPSS.11 pour tester la nature des relations entre les variables clés de notre étude. Dans une deuxième partie d’analyse, nous avons réalisé deux études comparatives. / The issue of entrepreneur’s competence is quite central. However, the taking into account of this concept remains a persistent problem that inhibits the performance of new venture support and/or incubation programs and thereby hinders the development of the entrepreneurial phenomenon. In this research, we focused our interest on the concept of entrepreneurial competencies in order to replace accompanying person/new venture creator relationship at the center of new venture support process. We implemented a research based on nascent entrepreneurs self-perception of entrepreneurial competencies. Based on some typologies of entrepreneurial competencies, we used the typology proposed by Man et al. (2002). The authors proposed a conceptual model that links the SME’ entrepreneurs characteristics with the business performance.We started with the belief that it is very important to consider entrepreneurial competencies because our research is likely to produce new tools and help support’s practices to better understand and enhance the different dimensions of the entrepreneurial phenomenon. The issue raised in this research is as follows: to what extent a post-creation support structure contributes to the improvement of entrepreneurs self- perception of his entrepreneurial competencies? To answer this question, we opted for a quantitative and longitudinal empirical study. In order to access the research field and to collect the maximum of data, our study was conducted as part of a partnership between the Research Center in Entrepreneurship of EM Lyon Business School (CRE) and Réseau Entreprendre® (RE®). We carried out three longitudinal studies through which we administered twice, with 8 months interval between each time, the same questionnaire to three different populations namely: the winners of Réseau Entreprendre® (Lauréats) (baseline population), the accompanying persons and non-selected applicants (control group). The first three waves of questionnaires were launched on February 29, 2012, the second towards the end of October 2012. To achieve the treatment analysis, we used the approach of linear regressions with SPSS.11 software to test the nature of the relationships between key variables in our study. In the second part of analysis, we conducted two comparative studies.