While the Shakers are associated in North American with simplicity and communalism, an examination of Shaker history reveals a dynamic and complex society. Shaker life was structured by a powerful metanarrative: the Shakers were the ‘Chosen People of God,’ who lived in ‘His Promised Land.’ This narrative, which is profoundly geographical due to its intertwining of people with place, was not static in its interpretation. Nevertheless, it served as the basis for the discourses concerning the most appropriate means to live in the World, but not be of it. Few geographers have examined religiosity and spirituality systematically. This research highlights the interaction between religiosity, identity, place, and narrative as an essential element of the human condition. Religiosity is expressed through narratives and rituals and buttresses a sense of identity and belonging in place. Particular expressions of the Shaker covenantal narrative were shaped by the places in which the Shakers existed. This work examines the Shaker experience at New Lebanon Shaker Village (New York) focusing on the antebellum period. It examines the context in which the Shakers existed, the shifts in the interpretations of the Shaker covenantal narratives, and the means by which the Shaker leadership disseminated their ideas. / Thesis (Ph.D, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2009-05-21 09:32:07.477

Abstract The activity of neurons is critically dependent upon the suite of voltage-dependent ion channels expressed in their membranes. In particular, voltage-gated K+ channels are extremely diverse in their function, contributing to the regulation of distinct aspects of neuronal activity by shaping the voltage responses. In this study the role of K+ channels in neural coding is investigated in Drosophila photoreceptors by using biophysical models with parameters derived from the electrophysiological experiments. Due to their biophysical properties, the Shaker channels attenuate the fast transients and amplify the slower signal components, enabling photoreceptors to use their voltage range more effectively. Slow delayed rectifier channels, shown to be encoded by the Shab gene, activate at high light intensities, thereby attenuating the light-induced depolarization and preventing response saturation. Activation of Shab channels also reduces the membrane time constant making it possible to encode faster events. Interactions between the voltage-gated K+ channels and the currents generated by the light induced conductance (LIC) were investigated during naturalistic stimulation in wild type and Shaker mutant photoreceptors. It is shown that in addition to eliminating the Shaker current, the mutation increased the Shab current and affected the current flowing through the LIC. Part of these changes could be attributed to direct feedback from the Shaker channels via the membrane potential. However, it is suggested that also other changes may occur in the LIC due to mutation in K+ channels, possibly during photoreceptor development. Comparison of the Shaker and Shab mutant photoreceptors with the wild type revealed that a concurrent decrease in the steady-state input resistance followed from deletion of the voltage-gated K+ channels. This allowed partial compensation of the compression and saturation caused by the loss of Shaker channels and it maintained the characteristics of the light-voltage relationship in Shab mutant photoreceptors. However, wild type properties were not fully restored in either mutant. Indeed, decreased input resistance results in reduced efficiency of neural processing, assessed by the metabolic cost of information. Results of this study demonstrate the importance of the voltage-gated K+ channels for neural coding precision and highlight the robustness of neuronal information processing gained through regulation of the electrical properties.

The following report is part of a degree project, carried out by signed M.Sc. students from Mälardalen University during the spring term of 2017. The work was carried out at the Bachelor of Science degree and comprises 15 credits. The work was carried out at Northpoint AB in Västerås, where the students developed a concept on a product that would facilitate dietary supplementation mixture. The product that the students developed was a shaker which is a tool used for mixing food supplements and liquids. The project was conducted on the basis of a specific product development process, where the project team chose to apply Ulrich and Eppinger's six phases. In order to ensure scientific quality and engineering standards, the project team used product development tools such as the Gantt scheme, requirement specification, and concept generation. The project is based on data collection conducted according to the qualitative and quantitative methods of research methodology. The project's problem formulation could be summarized by the following points: • When the project was started, there was no easy solution to both separate and mix water with dietary supplements. • The task of the students was to solve a separator function that can be combined with a shaker. • The project also included design of an attractive and innovative shaker. To solve the problems, the project team studied the theory of product development, ergonomics and viands. Based on the theoretical frame of reference studied, product development was conducted and resulted in the Eyeris concept where the product combines design and function. The result is presented with rendered CAD images, function descriptions, simulations and descriptive text. Simulations were performed using SOLIDWORKS injection molding tools as well as finite element analysis to provide an indication of whether the resulting concept meets the product's purpose. The project work's conclusion is that the company's needs were met and the Eyeris concept was chosen for further review and prototype production. The project team recommends that a further development of the concept should be implemented where function, seal and design are evaluated and tested. / Följande rapport är en del av ett examensarbete som genomfördes av undertecknade civilingenjörsstudenter från Mälardalens högskola under vårterminen 2017. Arbetet utfördes på högskoleingenjörsnivå och omfattar 15 högskolepoäng. Arbetet utfördes åt Northpoint AB i Västerås där studenterna utvecklade ett koncept på en produkt som skulle underlätta kosttillskottsblandning. Produkten som utvecklades var en shaker vilket är ett redskap som används vid blandning av kosttillskott och vätska. Projektet genomfördes utifrån en specifik produktutvecklingsprocess där projektgruppen valde att utgå ifrån Ulrich och Eppingers sex faser. För att säkerställa vetenskaplig kvalité och ingenjörsmässig standard använde projektgruppen produktutvecklingsverktyg så som Ganttschema, kravspecifikation samt konceptgenerering. Projektet grundar sig på en datainsamling som utfördes enligt forskningsmetodikens kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder. Projektets problemformulering kunde summeras genom följande punkter: • Då projektet startades fanns ingen smidig lösning att både separera och blanda vatten med kosttillskott. • Studenternas uppgift var att lösa en separerarfunktion som går att kombinera med en shaker. • Projektet infattade även design av en attraktiv och innovativ shaker. För att lösa problemen studerade projektgruppen teori kring produktutveckling, ergonomi samt livsmedel. Utifrån den teoretiska referensramen som studerades genomfördes produktutvecklingen och resulterade i konceptet Eyeris där produkten kombinerar design och funktion. Resultatet redovisas med renderade CAD-bilder, funktionsbeskrivningar, simuleringar samt beskrivande text. Simuleringar utfördes med hjälp av SOLIDWORKS formsprutningsverktyg samt FEM-analys för att ge en indikation om det resulterande konceptet uppfyller produktens ändamål. En av projektarbetets slutsatser är att företagets behov uppfylldes och konceptet Eyeris valdes för vidare granskning och prototypframtagning. Projektgruppen rekommenderar att en vidareutveckling av konceptet genomförs där funktion, tätning samt konstruktion utvärderas och testas.

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155 p. / Lone Pine Indian Shaker Village, located in The Dalles, Oregon, is the last remaining example of a late nineteenth century fishing settlement, a resource type that once proliferated along the banks of the Columbia River. Lone Pine Indian Shaker Village is also significant for its association with mixed heritage settlement, Native American fishing traditions, and the Indian Shaker Religion, a religion unique to the Northwest. This is an historical and architectural study of the village which includes the historical context and detailed description of the built environment, as it exists today and has evolved over time. Photographs, measured drawings, oral interviews and archival research are used to document and analyze the history and built environment of the village. Also included is a discussion of Treatment and Use options, followed by the author's recommendation for preservation and use of the village complex as an interpretive site. Today the village complex is vacant and suffers from neglect, and on November 19, 1996 the Indian Shaker Church collapsed under snow loads. Although an unfortunate event, it brings the issue of preservation of the entire site to the forefront. If no management plan is developed this valuable piece of Northwest cultural history will be lost forever. / Keepers of the Preservation Education Fund's H. Ward Jandl Fellowship

Régulation post-traductionnelle des canaux potassiques par les CPKs (Protéines Kinases Dépendantes du Calcium) chez Arabidopsis thaliana : un rôle dans la réponse adaptative aux stress environnementaux ? Les canaux potassiques de la famille Shaker sont des voies majeures du transport de K+ à travers la membrane plasmique. Ces canaux sont impliqués dans l'absorption du potassium depuis le sol et dans sa redistribution dans les parties aériennes de la plante. Ils sont également impliqués dans les mouvements stomatiques et sont pour cela finement régulés. Ils peuvent subir des modifications post-traductionnelles telle que la phosphorylation par des protéines kinases. L'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans ce contexte et a pour but d'évaluer l'implication des CPKs dans la régulation post-traductionnelle des canaux Shaker. Les mécanismes d'action de deux CPKs (CPK13 et CPK6) sur la sous-unité entrante KAT2 sont plus spécifiquement étudiés. La première partie du travail de thèse avait pour but de mettre en place le matériel nécessaire pour l'étude en réalisant les clonages, la production des protéines recombinantes et leur caractérisation et testant les premiers effets des CPKs sur l'activité des canaux en expression hétérologue. La seconde partie concerne l'étude du rôle de CPK13 dans la régulation stomatique via la sous-unité KAT2. Nous montrons que la sur-expression de CPK13 dans les lignées transgéniques induit, à court terme, un défaut dans l'ouverture stomatique et également, à long terme, un défaut dans la croissance de la plante. L'existence d'une interaction physique à la membrane plasmique entre CPK13 et KAT2 est montrée à l'aide de la technique de FRET-FLIM. et la phosphorylation de la sous-unité KAT2 par la protéine recombinante CPK13 est montrée in vitro à l'aide de puces à peptides. Enfin, il est montré par voltage-clamp en ovocyte de xénope que CPK13 inhibe l'activité de KAT2 de plus de 60%. Dans la dernière partie, nous présentons un ensemble de résultats qui suggèrent un rôle de CPK6 dans la tolérance au stress salin via son action sur KAT2. Il est en effet connu qu'en cas de stress salin, l'activité des canaux responsables de l'influx de potassium est stimulée, ce qui contribue au maintien d'un faible ratio Na+/K+ dans les cellules. Or, nous montrons un effet activateur de la CPK6 sur l'activité de KAT2, à l'aide de la technique de voltage-clamp. Nous montrons que l'expression du gène CPK6 est très augmentée en réponse à un stress salin et que ceci est concomitant avec le déclenchement d'une vague calcique en réponse à ce même stress. L'utilisation de lignées GUS a permis de vérifier que les patrons d'expression des gènes CPK6 et KAT2 sont identiques chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Enfin, nous montrons une interaction physique entre le canal KAT2 et la protéine CPK6 (FRET-FLIM) et la phosphorylation de KAT2 par CPK6 (puces à peptides). / Post-translational regulation of potassium channels by CPKs (Calcium-dependent Protein Kinases) in Arabidopsis thaliana: a role in adaptive response to environmental stresses?Potassium Shaker channels are major pathways for K+ across plant cell plasma membrane. These channels are implicated in K+ absorption from soil and in its redistribution throughout the plant. They are more particularly implicated in stomatal movement and therefore are finely regulated. They can especially undergo post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation by protein kinases. The aim of this work is to determine the implication of CPKs (Ca2+-dependent Protein Kinases) in Shaker channel post-translational regulation. CPK13 and CPK6 molecular mechanisms of action on Shaker sub-unit KAT2 activity are specifically studied here. First part of this work consisted in cloning, producing and characterizing recombinant proteins and broad screening of CPK effects on Shaker channel activity, using heterologous expression. Second part focuses on the role of CPK13 in stomatal regulation through its effect on KAT2 activity. Over-expression of CPK13 in plant is shown to induce a defect of stomatal aperture and plant growth. KAT2 and CPK13 interaction at the plasma membrane is evidenced by using FRET-FLIM technique. KAT2 phosphorylation by CPK13 is checked on peptide arrays. Finally, a 60% decrease of KAT2 activity by CPK13 is shown using voltage-clamp on xenopus oocyte. Third and last part of this work suggests a role of CPK6 in salt stress resistance through KAT2 channel regulation. Inward potassium channels are indeed known to be activated upon salt stress to contribute keeping a low Na+/K+ ratio. Now, voltage-clamp technique demonstrates that KAT2 activity is increased by CPK6 and salt stress is shown to both increase CPK6 expression and elicit a calcium wave. Using GUS lines evidences KAT2 and CPK6 co-expression in Arabidopsis thaliana (in phloem and guard cells). Physical interaction between these two partners is shown by FRET-FLIM, and KAT2 phosphorylation by CPK13 gets strong support from peptide array assays.

Ericsson har haft ett problem som påverkar deras mikrovågsradio. Detta problem handlar i grunden om mekaniska störningar som påverkar dataöverföringen mellan två radioenheter. Dessa störningar resulterar i bitfel på grund av olika orsaker. Dessa orsaker undersöks i projektet, för att i senare skede kunna förbättra precisionen av dataöverföringen. Genom att skicka signalerna med olika frekvenser på ett automatiserat och mer noggrant sätt, ökar möjligheten att testa radion i fler miljöer samtidigt möjligheten av att täcka ett så stort frekvensområde som möjligt ges. Arbetet är en blandning av elektronik, mekanik, akustik och programmering. Tanken är att den nya mätmetoden som presenteras skall vara automatisk och mjukvarustyrd. Även manuell styrning skall vara möjlig. Arbetet har bestått av forskning, marknadsskanning och kontakt med personer som är involverade inom området, detta för att hitta det bästa sättet att utveckla en ny felsökningsmetod.Med hjälp av olika testkörningar som studeras noggrant kommer förståelsen för ovan nämnda störningar att öka, vilket förhoppningsvis hjälper oss att hitta olika sätt att hantera dessa störningar i enskilda komponenter samt konstruktionen i sin helhet. Det finns flera förslag på alternativ, men genom ökad förståelse och kunskap inom området har det visat sig att det lämpligaste alternativet är att använda en shaker och en speaker som sändare och ett piezoelement som givare. Detta piezoelement tillsammans med en förstärkare mäter signalerna och övervakas med ett oscilloskop. Shakern och speakern drivs av en signalgenerator via en förstärkare. Alla dessa instrument styrs via ett styrprogram som är programmerad i LabVIEW. Styrprogrammets uppgift är att skanna över ett bestämt frekvensintervall med en konstant amplitud. Givaren mäter dessa signaler och sparar till en textfil. Denna information är viktig för att finna resonansfrekvenser och även övervaka den verkliga utsignalen som kommer fram till testobjektet.Detta arbete kommer förhoppningsvis att vara av stor betydelse för utvecklingen av nya produkter och kan bli ett användbart verktyg för andra ingenjörer inom Ericsson i framtiden. / Program: Utvecklingsingenjör

<p>PolyTech AB in Malmköping manufactures gyro stabilized camera systems or helicopter applications. In this Master´s Thesis a shaker test rig for vibration testing of these systems is designed, implemented and evaluated. The shaker is required to have an adjustable frequency and displacement and different shakers that meet these requirements are treated in a literature study.</p><p>The shaker chosen in the test rig is based on a mechanical solution that is described in detail. Additionally all components used in the test rig are described and modelled. The test rig is identified and evaluated from different experiments carried out at PolyTech, where the major part of the identification is based on data collected from accelerometers.</p><p>The test rig model is used to develop a controller that controls the frequency and the displacement of the shaker. A three-phase motor is used to control the frequency of the shaker and a linear actuator with a servo is used to control the displacement. The servo controller is designed using observer and state feedback techniques.</p><p>Additionally, the mount in which the camera system is hanging is modelled and identified, where the identification method is based on nonlinear least squares (NLS) curve fitting technique.</p>