Astrophysical models that address stellar energy generation and nucleosynthesis require a considerable amount of input from nuclear physics and are very sensitive to the detailed structure of nuclei, both stable and unstable. Radioactive nuclei play a dominant role in several stellar environments such as supernovae, X-ray bursts, novae etc. and nuclear data are important in the interpretation of these phenomena. When carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes are present in substantial quantities in a star of sufficient mass, the fusion of four hydrogen nuclei to form a helium nucleus proceeds via the CNO cycles. Energy release in the CNO cycles is limited by the long lifetimes of 14O and 15O. In explosive stellar scenarios such as X-ray bursts, the energy output is very large, suggesting a breakout from the CNO cycles. 15O(α,γ)19Ne is the first reaction that breaks out of the CNO cycle. Nuclear structure information on high lying states in 19Ne is required to calculate the rate of the 15O(α,γ)19Ne reaction. This work focuses on the study of states in 19Ne above 3.53 MeV. The lifetimes of five states in 19Ne above 3.53 MeV were measured in this work. The states in 19Ne were populated via the 3He(20Ne,α)19Ne reaction at a beam energy of 34 MeV. The lifetimes were measured using the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method. The lifetimes of five states were measured and an upper limit was set on the lifetime of a sixth state. Three of the measurements are the most precise thus far. The lifetimes of the other three states agree with the values of the only other measurement of the lifetimes of these states. An upper limit on the rate of the 15O(α,γ)19Ne reaction was calculated at the 90% confidence level using the measured lifetimes. The contributions to the 15O(α,γ)19Ne reaction rate from several states in 19Ne at different stellar temperatures are discussed. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

Throughout the 20th century, Illinois supported winning candidates in twenty-three out of twenty-five presidential elections. However, in the 21st century, Illinois supported winning candidates in two out of five presidential elections. The state’s divergence from national trends followed three partisan shifts that occurred in the mid-to-late 20th and early-21st centuries. These shifts altered the state’s partisan preferences. While the causes of each shift varies, Illinois’s changing demographics, the concentration of its population in the Chicago Metropolitan area, and the rise of the post-industrial economy, caused the state to depart national trends as Illinois increasingly supported Democrats.

Stressrelaterade besvär och andra former av psykisk ohälsa orsakade av arbetet, är ett omdiskuterat och väl undersökt samhällsfenomen som ökat de senaste åren i Sverige. Några av de vanligaste stressrelaterade besvären är utmattning och trötthet. Forskning har visat att det existerar könsskillnader i upplevelse av stress och att olika typer av arbeten genererar olika stressnivåer hos individer. Syftet med uppsatsen är att bidra med kunskap om stress och utmattning inom arbetslivet, med särskilt fokus på skillnader mellan män och kvinnor. Krav- och kontrollmodellen lyfts fram för att förklara sambandet mellan krav och kontroll i arbetet, vilket ger en förståelse för hur graden av kontroll de anställda har påverkar effekterna av de psykiska krav som den anställde utsätts för. Även Arlie Hochschilds teori om The Second Shift presenteras, för att beskriva hur män och kvinnor på olika sätt utsätts för krav och kontroll i hemmet. Teorierna lyfts fram för att de kan bidra till en förståelse för eventuella könsskillnader i arbetsrelaterad stress och utmattning. En kvantitativ metod har använts för undersökningen av uppsatsens syfte. Det empiriska materialet som används grundar sig på en enkätstudie från 2005, som är hämtad från International Social Survey Programme. Motiveringen till att detta material används som underlag i denna studie är att det kan bidra till en förståelse för respondenternas upplevelse av stress och utmattning, samt för att kunna jämföra skillnader mellan män och kvinnor i dessa avseenden. Resultatet av undersökningen visade att det i vissa fall existerar skillnader mellan män och kvinnor gällande upplevelse av stress och utmattning. Detta resultat visade sig vid undersökningen av alla respondenter som arbetar och av alla heltidsarbetande respondenter som arbetar med människor. Dock visade resultatet att det inte fanns några signifikanta könsskillnader gällande upplevelse av stress, vid undersökningen av alla heltidsarbetande respondenter och de heltidsarbetande respondenter som inte arbetar med människor. Detta tyder på att vidare forskning bör fortsätta undersöka könsskillnader gällande stress och utmattning, eftersom resultatet kan tolkas som att det i nuläget inte går att dra generaliserande slutsatser i detta avseende.

This thesis investigates and discusses the current design approaches and development trends of urban streets in China. As the methodological focus, multiple case studies and interviews are used to examine actual street design practice to identify the development policy bias of local governments. Since the 1990s, the great economic achievement in most Chinese cities has evoked significant growth in the number of automobiles, as well as the increasingly serious problems of road casualties and congestion. The traffic-engineering-based design approach which used to be widely adopted and implemented in western countries has dominated the development patterns of urban streets in modern China. The conventional paradigm exclusively focuses on the traffic function in urban streets resulting in morphological changes to the urban circulation environment and keeps on neglecting non-vehicular movement and non-traffic needs. The automobile- dominated urban circulation environment has had negative economic, social and public health impacts. Thus, a paradigm shift which calls for a more inclusive design approach for urban streets which balances functions of place and movement is urgently needed in China. To determine the challenges and opportunities for the new paradigm, this research identifies the cultural, political and technical factors for the traffic-centred design trends and the policy bias. Based on this, policy recommendations and an agenda for revolutionary change for achieving better design practice for urban streets in post-modern China are suggested.

Various gold complexes were computationally investigated, to probe their photophysical, geometric, and bonding properties. The geometry of AuI complexes (ground state singlet) is very sensitive to the electronic nature of the ligands: σ-donors gave a two-coordinate, linear shape; however, σ-acceptors yielded a three-coordinate, trigonal planar geometry. Doublet AuIIL3 complexes distort to T-shape, and are thus ground state models of the corresponding triplet AuIL3. The disproportionation of AuIIL3 to AuIL3 and AuIIIL3 is endothermic for all ligands investigated, however, σ-donors are better experimental targets for AuII complexes. For dimeric AuI complexes, only one gold center in the optimized triplet exciton displays a Jahn-Teller distortion, and the Au---Au distance is reduced versus the ground state distance (i.e., two reasons for large Stokes' shifts).

Current rule-utilization research indicated that subjects successively tested multiple conceptual rules, available from natural preexperimental experience, to solve a sorting task. Prior results suggested that older subjects were more efficient in utilizing rules and shifting to unused rules, possibly due to the availability of more conceptual rules at higher age levels. The experimental groups consisted of third, fourth, sixth, ninth graders, and college students. Each of the five groups contained 16 subjects. The rule-utilization procedure was applied to each group. The procedure contained a multitrial, card sorting task. The feedback given at the end of each trial was limited to the correctness of the entire card sort and did not provide information on the correctness of the sorting for any individual card. All subjects in each group were run until they used both bidimensional rules (the conjunctive and the inclusive-disjunctive rule), or until a limit of 30 trials was reached.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21610号 / 理博第4517号 / 新制||理||1648(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 今元 泰, 教授 高田 彰二, 教授 杤尾 豪人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

In recognition memory, participants often fail to change their criterion for making a “studied” response from one trial to the next based on learning strength, even when they are given obvious cues to identify each test item as studied often (“strong”) or studied a single time (“weak”) (e.g., Stretch & Wixted, 1998). In three experiments we tested the hypothesis that participants produce robust item-by-item shifts only when responding did not involve significant response interference (Simon, Acosta, Mewaldt, & Speidel, 1976). In our three experiments, participants studied lists of words studied once (weak) or five times (strong). In Experiment 1, both strong and weak words appeared at test under the questions “Was this studied at all?” or “Was this studied five times?” Participants were randomly assigned to conditions using two keys to respond “yes” or “no”, or using four keys with one set of “yes” and “no” per question. Four-key participants were expected to shift their criteria while 2-key participants could not due to response interference, though results showed that both conditions were capable of criterion-shifting. In Experiment 2 test items appeared on either the left or the right side of the screen; only strong words appeared on the right and only weak words on the left. Participants went through one study-test cycle with four response keys, and one with two. Regardless of the testing conditions, participants did not shift their criteria in the 2-key condition while participants in the 4-key condition did shift their criteria. Finally, Experiment 3 fully crossed 2 or 4 key conditions with blocked or unblocked presentation of test items. Previous experiments have found both number of response keys and blocking of presentations to have an effect on ability to criterion-shift (Hicks & Starns, 2014; Starns & Olchowski, submitted; Verde & Rotello, 2007). Experiment 3 confirmed that number of response keys has a significant effect on criterion-shifting and that it is separate from any effect of blocking. All three experiments suggest that response interference is not the driving force behind criterion-shifting. A new explanation is proposed.

Measurements of hydrogen are important in our understanding of the Universe. Following reionization at z ∼ 6, most of the hydrogen outside galaxies is in an ionized state. Within galaxies, hydrogen passes through a neutral phase as it cools and collapses into molecular hydrogen and then to stars. This work centers around how galactic reservoirs of neutral hydrogen (HI) evolve over cosmic time. We know that cosmic star formation peaks at z ∼ 2 and sharply declines to the present day, yet we know very little about the gas reservoirs in individual galaxies that lead to star formation through these redshifts. The Very Large Array’s (VLA) recent upgrade has made it possible to probe a large instantaneous bandwidth with HI imaging surveys beyond the local Universe. The COSMOS HI Large Extragalactic Survey (CHILES) is a 1000-hour program using the Karl G. Jansky VLA that will image HI in a redshift range of 0 < z < 0.45. With our first epoch of data, we study the galaxy properties of a sample of ten nearby galaxies. We find that our data follow known scaling relations. Both theory and observations suggest that large-scale structure impacts galaxy evolution in addition to known trends in local density. We find that galaxy spins tend to be aligned with cosmic web filaments and a hint of the predicted transition mass associated with the spin angle alignment. With our second epoch of data from the CHILES survey, we probe the high-redshift regime. We present two new HI detections at z = 0.257 and z = 0.258, plus a stacked result at z ∼ 0.36. We combine these results with the previously published CHILES samples. This provides, for the first time, a continuous look at directly detected HI in emission over redshift range 0 < z < 0.45. We strengthen our epoch one comic web results, finding a perpendicular galaxy spin alignment with the cosmic web for a high-mass HI detection and a parallel galaxy spin alignment for a gas-rich low-mass HI detection embedded within a cosmic web filament. Having HI content, morphology, and kinematics, along with knowledge of the large-scale environments across substantial cosmic time spanning one-third the age of the Universe, will help shed light on the overall origin and fate of gas in galaxies.

The current study quantitatively and qualitatively investigated Spanish maintenance among 45 Spanish heritage language (SHL) speakers in Utah who completed a survey about their linguistic background, their attitudes toward Spanish, their self-rated Spanish proficiency, and their current Spanish usage. Nine participants were also interviewed to expound on their linguistic experience. Previous studies on language maintenance (Alba et al., 2002; Carreira & Kagan, 2011; Lanier, 2014; Lynch, 2000; Mejías et al., 2002; Potowski, 2004; Silva-Corvalán, 1994; Zentella, 1997) have analyzed different sociolinguistics factors that relate to Spanish maintenance and usage in areas with high Hispanic populations. Nevertheless, little research has been done in locations with lower Hispanic concentrations such as in Indiana (Barbosa, 2015), Washington (Fernández-Mallat & Carey, 2017) and Kansas (Showstack & Guzman, 2020). Due to the limited research in these areas, the current study examined Spanish language maintenance of second-generation (G2) and generation 1.5 (G1.5) SHL speakers. Findings suggest that although participants have positive attitudes toward Spanish, they feel more confident communicating in English and have limited contact with the Spanish-speaking community and limited use of Spanish. However, results show that participants have a higher use of Spanish and greater connection with the Hispanic community due to their participation in Spanish-speaking religious congregations. Thus, the unique bilingual atmosphere that exists in Utah due to the cultural influence that the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has and Utah’s government objective to bring about a multilingual workforce through bilingual education may aid in Spanish maintenance in this state among future SHL speakers.