Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-07-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 candido_ls_me_ilha.pdf: 332984 bytes, checksum: 467381227e709e8b87b6b03749be5529 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Técnicas como a redução do espaçamento entre linhas, permitindo um melhor arranjo das plantas no campo, juntamente com o aumento da densidade de semeadura, podem ser empregadas para aumentar a interceptação da radiação solar, visando o aumento do rendimento para algumas cultivares de milho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a variação genética do composto Flintisa Anão de milho, a fim de verificar se o mesmo apresenta potencial para melhoramento em condições de safrinha, espaçamento reduzido e duas densidades de semeadura. Foram avaliadas, na safrinha/2004, 150 progênies de meios irmãos, no espaçamento de 0,45 m entre linhas e nas densidades de 57.800 e 80.000 plantas ha-1, para os caracteres florescimento feminino, altura de plantas, altura de espigas, tombamento, prolificidade, grãos ardidos e rendimento de grãos. Variância genética aditiva, herdabilidade, correlação entre os caracteres, resposta correlacionada de um caráter mediante seleção em outro e ganho esperado com seleção, foram estimados para cada densidade e conjuntamente. Foram estimados ganhos de 16,0 e 19,2% para rendimento, 11,1 e 10,5% para prolificidade e 12,3 e 12,9% para altura de espigas, respectivamente para as densidades de 57.800 e 80.000 plantas ha-1. As estimativas de herdabilidade para altura de plantas, altura de espigas e rendimento, nas densidades 57.800 e 80.000 plantas ha-1 foram respectivamente 65,19 e 61,27%, 64,30 e 66,86% e 53,53 e 63,32%. As estimativas parecidas, e a ausência de interação progênies x densidades, indicam que não há necessidade de programas de seleção distintos. A densidade de 57.800 plantas ha-1 pode ser preferida apenas pelo fato das progênies... / Techniques as spacing row reduction, allowing a better plant arrangement in the field, together with the increase of the sowing density, can be used to increase the interception of the solar radiation, seeking the increase of the grain yield for some maize cultivars. The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic variation of the Dwarf Flintisa composite of maize, to verify its potential for improvement in off season crop, in reduced spacing between rows and two sowing densities. In the off season crop (March to July/2004) 150 half sib progenies were evaluated, in 0.45 m spacing rows and densities of 57800 and 80000 plants ha-1, for the traits female flowering, plant height, ear height, lodging, prolificacy, burning grains and grain yield. Additive genetic variance, heritability, correlation between traits, correlated response of a trait by selection in other and expected gain from selection, were estimated for each density and jointly. Gains of 16.0 and 19.2% for grain yield, 11.1 and 10.5% for prolificacy and 12.3 and 12.9% for ear height, respectively for the populations of 57800 and 80000 plants ha-1 were estimated. The heritability estimates for plant height, ear height and grain yield, in densities 57800 and 80000 plants ha-1 were 65.19 and 61.27%, 64.30 and 66.86% and 53.53 and 63.32%, respectively. The similar estimates and the absence of progenies x densities interaction, indicate that there different selection programs are not justified. The density of 57800 plants ha-1 can just be preferred because the progenies present larger grain yield, smaller lodging and higher prolificacy, on average. Therefore the Dwarf Flintisa composite has sufficient genetic variability for improvement for low and for high sowing density, in off season crop conditions...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sa_ro_dr_botfca.pdf: 609591 bytes, checksum: fbbd21f4b97ce442e120737b875fffb0 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar 100 progênies de meios irmãos da população de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg.), cultivar CATI AL 1000 em dois ciclos de seleção entre e dentro de progênies de meios irmãos, para as características: ciclo das plantas, altura das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos, teor de óleo no grão e produtividade de óleo, na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, no município de São Manuel – SP, no ano de 2004, e na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, no município de Botucatu – SP, no ano de 2005, 2006, e 2007, pertencentes a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – campus de Botucatu – SP, da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Foram avaliadas 100 progênies de meios irmãos de nabo forrageiro cultivar CATI AL 1000, em ensaio de competição, distribuídas em delineamento látice 10x10, parcialmente balanceado, com três repetições. As progênies superiores foram recombinadas e selecionadas no ano agrícola seguinte obtendo um ciclo a cada dois anos. Foram realizados dois ciclos de seleção. Os dados coletados a campo, para todas as características, foram padronizados seguindo a metodologia recomendada, e submetidos a análise de variância e testes de médias. Foram obtidas as correlações entre os caracteres e obtidas as estimativas de parâmetros genéticos. Para todas as características avaliadas, foi identificada a presença de variabilidade genética, decrescendo no segundo ciclo de seleção, entre as progênies de meios irmãos. Foram observados ganhos genéticos de 8,96, 18,47, 93,29, 12,51, e 69,11 %, para as características avaliadas: altura das plantas, massa de 1000 grãos, produção de grãos, teor de óleo do grão, e produtividade de grão, respectivamente. Observou-se correlação negativa e significativa entre produtividade de grãos e teor de óleo... / The purpose of the present research was evaluate100 half-sib progenies of the population of wild radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Oleiferus Metzg.) Cultivar CATI AL 1000 in two cycles of selection, among and within half-sib progenies for characteristics: cycle of plants, plant height, grain yield, 1000 grain weight, grain oil content and oil yield in the Experimental Farm San Manuel, in Sao Manuel - SP, in 2004, and in the Farm Experimental Lageado, in Botucatu - SP, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, at Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas – Botucatu campus - SP, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho”. In this study, were evaluated 100 half-sib progenies of wild radish cultivar CATI AL 1000, in an essay competition, distributed in a 10x10 lattice, partially balanced, with three replications. The selected progenies were recombined and selected in the following crop year obtaining a cycle every two years. There were two cycles of selection. For all traits, the data collected at the field were patterned according to recommended methodology, and subjected to analysis of variance and multiple comparisons. The correlations between the characters and the estimates of genetic parameters were obtained. For all traits, the presence of genetic variability was identified, decreasing in the second cylce of selection, among the half-sib progenies. Genetic gains of 8.96, 18.47, 93.29, 12.51 were observed, and 69.11% for the characteristics evaluated: plant height, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, oil content of grain, and grain yield, respectively.There was negative correlation between grain yield and grain oil content, plant height and mass of 1000 grains, and positive and significant relationship between grain yield and plant height, also 1000 grain weight and oil content of grain. The genetic parameters values decreased from cycle I to cycle II, but the high magnitudes calculated in the second... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The world is rapidly becoming more urbanised and with key infrastructure being located inside or close to cities the probability of urban warfare in the next major conflict is very high. This thesis examines how the use of Alice Hills theory can explain success in urban warfare on the tactical level of war. The purpose of the thesis is to test the validity of Hills theory. To examine to what extent Hills’s theory can explain the success of the coalition forces during Operation Phantom Fury and the failure of Operation Vigilant Resolve, a theory testing case study is applied. The two cases have similar background variables, which allows for a structured comparison of the two cases. The analysis is based on Hills’s success factors in urban warfare. The results of the analysis reveal that Hills theory can explain the success of the coalition during Operation Phantom Fury and the failure of Operation Vigilant Resolve, thereby strengthening the validity of Hills theory. The results highlight the need to control the civilian population during urban combat. However, due to the difficulties of measuring success factors such as leadership and morale with the chosen method, the external validity of the results is negatively affected.

Microbeam radiotherapy (MRT), an experimental high-dose rate concept with spatial fractionation at the micrometre range, has shown a high therapeutic potential as well as good preservation of normal tissue function in pre-clinical studies. We investigated the suitability of MRT as a simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) in conventional whole-brain irradiation (WBRT). A 174 Gy MRT SIB was administered with an array of quasi-parallel, 50 m wide microbeams spaced at a centre-to-centre distance of 400 m either on the first or last day of a 5 4 Gy radiotherapy schedule in healthy adult C57 BL/6J mice and in F98 glioma cell cultures. The animals were observed for signs of intracranial pressure and focal neurologic signs. Colony counts were conducted in F98 glioma cell cultures. No signs of acute adverse effects were observed in any of the irradiated animals within 3 days after the last irradiation fraction. The tumoricidal effect on F98 cell in vitro was higher when the MRT boost was delivered on the first day of the irradiation course, as opposed to the last day. Therefore, the MRT SIB should be integrated into a clinical radiotherapy schedule as early as possible.

Le développement des approches robustes et non paramétriques pour l’analyse et le traitement statistique de gros volumes de données présentant une forte variabilité,comme dans les domaines de l’environnement et de la génétique, est fondamental.Nous modélisons ici des données complexes de biologie appliquées à l’étude du comportement de bivalves et à l’analyse de liaison génétique. L’application des mathématiques à l’analyse du comportement de mollusques bivalves nous a permis d’aller vers une quantification et une traduction mathématique de comportements d’animaux in-situ, en milieu proche ou lointain. Nous avons proposé un modèle de régression non paramétrique et comparé 3 estimateurs non paramétriques, récursifs ou non,de la fonction de régression pour optimiser le meilleur estimateur. Nous avons ensuite caractérisé des rythmes biologiques, formalisé l’évolution d’états d’ouvertures,proposé des méthodes de discrimination de comportements, utilisé la méthode des shot-noises pour caractériser différents états d’ouverture-fermetures transitoires et développé une méthode originale de mesure de croissance en ligne.En génétique, nous avons abordé un cadre plus général de statistiques robustes pour l’analyse de liaison génétique. Nous avons développé des estimateurs robustes aux hypothèses de normalités et à la présence de valeurs aberrantes, nous avons aussi utilisé une approche statistique, où nous avons abordé la dépendance entre variables aléatoires via la théorie des copules. Nos principaux résultats ont montré l’intérêt pratique de ces estimateurs sur des données réelles de QTL et eQTL. / The development of robust and nonparametric approaches for the analysis and statistical treatment of high-dimensional data sets exhibiting high variability, as seen in the environmental and genetic fields, is instrumental. Here, we model complex biological data with application to the analysis of bivalves’ behavior and to linkage analysis. The application of mathematics to the analysis of mollusk bivalves’behavior gave us the possibility to quantify and translate mathematically the animals’behavior in situ, in close or far field. We proposed a nonparametric regression model and compared three nonparametric estimators (recursive or not) of the regressionfunction to optimize the best estimator. We then characterized the biological rhythms, formalized the states of opening, proposed methods able to discriminate the behaviors, used shot-noise analysis to characterize various opening/closing transitory states and developed an original approach for measuring online growth.In genetics, we proposed a more general framework of robust statistics for linkage analysis. We developed estimators robust to distribution assumptions and the presence of outlier observations. We also used a statistical approach where the dependence between random variables is specified through copula theory. Our main results showed the practical interest of these estimators on real data for QTL and eQTL analysis.

De forma geral, as fases iniciais dos programas de melhoramento se caracterizam pelo tamanho populacional elevado e a natureza subjetiva da seleção. Por serem consideradas etapas de grande importância e de alto grau de complexidade, torna-se necessário a utilização de metodologias que, de forma eficiente, auxiliem os melhoristas a obterem resultados mais precisos, otimizando tempo e recursos para liberação de novas cultivares. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o nível de ganho genético que um programa de melhoramento de cana-de-açúcar pode ter, adotando diferentes estratégias de seleção, em fases iniciais do melhoramento. Para tanto, dois experimentos referentes à primeira e à segunda fase de seleção do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Cana-de-açúcar da RIDESA/UFSCar, foram instalados. Na primeira etapa, identificou-se o método de seleção entre e dentro de família (BLUPi, BLUPis e BLUPseq) com maior potencial a ser aplicado na população base do experimento, utilizando a abordagem de modelos mistos. Posteriormente, praticou-se seleção, incluindo o método massal e aleatória. Na segunda etapa, a população experimental foi constituída pelos clones previamente selecionados na etapa anterior, através das diferentes estratégias de seleção. Os valores genotípicos dos indivíduos foram preditos, e então, classificados de acordo com o caráter de interesse econômico. Na primeira etapa, dentre os métodos de seleção entre e dentro de família, o que apresentou maior ganho de seleção predito (12,7%), para toneladas de Pol por hectare (TPH), foi o procedimento BLUPseq. O método BLUPis apresentou alta correlação com o método de seleção via BLUPseq e se mostrou bastante eficiente, uma vez que, o número de indivíduos a serem selecionados em cada família é determinado de forma dinâmica, assim como a intensidade de seleção em cada repetição. Por outro lado, o método BLUPi apresentou-se impraticável, uma vez que as avaliações fenotípicas devem ser realizadas em nível de indivíduo, o que demanda muito tempo e mão de obra, além do que, identificou-se tendência em selecionar indivíduos das extremidades das parcelas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos no experimento - segunda etapa, devido a baixa variância genética (CVg ≤ 15) entre as famílias que constituíram a população base do experimento, o método de seleção de família via BLUPseq foi equivalente ao método de seleção massal. Por outro lado, se ênfase for dada na escolha de genitores em etapas de hibridação para a ampliação da base genética, o método de seleção de família pode ser recomendado. / Overall, the early stages of breeding programs are characterized by high population size and the subjective nature of the selection. Considered as a stage of great importance and with high degree of complexity, it becomes necessary to use methodologies that efficiently assist plant breeders to obtain more accurate results, optimizing time and resources for releasing new cultivars. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic gain level that a sugarcane breeding program may have, adopting different selection strategies at early breeding stages. Therefore, two experiments concerning the first and the second selection stages of the Sugarcane Breeding Program of RIDESA/UFSCar, were installed. In the first step, the method of selection between and within families (BLUPi, BLUPis and BLUPseq) with greatest potential to be applied into the population of the experiment were identified, through mixed models approach. Later, the selection was practiced including the mass and random selection methods. In the second stage, the experimental population consisted of clones previously selected in the previous stage through the different selection strategies. The genotypic values of individuals were predicted, and then classified according to the character of economic interest. In the first stage, from the selection methods between and within families, the BLUPseq procedure was the one with highest predicted selection gain (12.7 %) for tons of Pol per hectare (TPH). The BLUPis procedure showed high correlation with BLUPseq procedure and was quite efficient, since the number of individuals to be selected in each family is determined dynamically, as well as the selection intensity in each repetition. Moreover, the BLUPi method proved to be impracticable, since the phenotypic evaluations must be performed at the individual level, which requires long time and labor force, in addition to that, it was identified trend in selecting individuals from the plots edges. According to the results of the second stage experiment, due to low genetic variance (CVg ≤ 15) among the families which composed the experimental population base, the family selection via BLUPseq was equivalent to mass selection. On the other hand, if emphasis is given on the choice of parents in hybridization steps to broaden the genetic basis, the family selection method can be recommended.

A candidate gene approach was used to identify potential genetic markers associated with wool quality traits including mean fibre diameter (MFD), fibre diameter standard deviation (FDSD), coefficient of variation of fibre diameter (CVD), prickle factor, curvature, yellowness, brightness, staple strength, staple length, yield, greasy fleece weight (GFW) and clean fleece weight (CFW). Inheritance of potential genetic markers was studied in two half-sib Merino families and assessed for association with the wool quality traits. The sire for one of the half-sib families is referred to as MV144-58-00, and wool measurements from its progeny were taken at 12 (n = 131), 24 (n =128) and 36 (n = 37) months of age. The sire for the second half-sib family is referred to as Stoneyhurst, and wool measurements from its progeny (n = 35) were taken at 12 months of age. Genes that code for the keratin intermediate-filament proteins (KRTs) (KRT1.2, KRT2.10) and the keratin intermediate-filament-associated proteins (KAPs) (KAPl.1, KAPl.3, KAP3.2, KAP6.1, KAP 7, KAP8) were targeted for this investigation, along with the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene and microsatellites BfMS and OarFCB193. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify specific DNA fragments from each locus and PCR- single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to detect polymorphism within the half-sib families for all the loci, except for the KAP1.1 gene, where length polymorphism was detected using agarose gel electrophoresis. Only the loci that were heterozygous for the sire (KAP1.1, KAP1.3, KRT1.2, ADRB3, KAP8) and hence were informative, were genotyped in the progeny. The total number of alleles observed at the KAP1.1, KAP1.3, KRT1.2, KAP8 and the ADRB3 loci were four, ten, six, five and six, respectively. Analysis of each of the informative loci revealed allelic associations with various wool traits. In the MV144-58-00 (genotypes KAP1.1 AB; KAP1.3 BD; KRT1.2 AB; ADRB3 CE) half-sib, inheritance of the KAP1.1 A allele was associated with a higher yield at 24 months of age (P = 0.037). This trend also observed at 36 months of age (P = 0.078). At 12 months of age, the KAP1.1 A allele tended to be associated with increased staple length (P = 0.08). At 36 months of age, the inheritance of the KAP1.1 B allele tended towards being associated with whiter wool (P = 0.080). The MV144-58-00 KAP1.3 D allele tended to be associated with increased yield at 24 and 36 months of age (P = 0.091 and 0.059, respectively), and with lower FDSD at 12 months of age (P = 0.055). The sire KAP1.3 B allele was associated with whiter wool colour at 36 months of age (P = 0.045). The inheritance of the MV144-58-00 KR T1.2 B allele was associated with or tended to be associated with a smaller FDSD (P = 0.040), an increase in staple strength (P = 0.025) and an increase in GFW (P = 0.069) at 12 months of age. At 24 months of age, the KR T1.2 B allele tended to be associated with increased yield (P = 0.057). At 36 months of age, the KRTl.2 A allele was associated with whiter wool (P = 0.019) and tended to be associated with increased crimp within the wool fibre (P = 0.089). In the Stoneyhurst (genotypes KAP1.1 BC; KAP1.3 CJ; KRT1.2 DE; ADRB3 CE) half-sib, inheritance of the KAP1.1 B allele was associated with longer staple length (P = 0.018) and a decrease in wool brightness (P = 0.039). In contrast, KAP1.1 C allele was associated with lowest staple length (P = 0.018) and brighter wool colour (P = 0.039). Associations observed with the inheritance of Stoneyhurst KAP 1.1 alleles were similar to the inheritance ofKAPl.3 alleles. Stoneyhurst KAP1.3 J allele was associated with longer staple length (P = 0.017) and a decrease in wool brightness (P = 0.010). In contrast, KAP1.3 C allele was associated with lowest staple length (P = 0.017) and brighter wool colour (P = 0.010). The Stoneyhurst KRT12 D allele was associated with longer staple length and a decrease in wool brightness (P = 0.033). In contrast, KRT1.2 E allele was associated with lowest staple length (P = 0.033) and brighter wool colour (P = 0.022). Sire alleles at the ADRB3 gene locus were associated with variation in staple strength (P = 0.025) for MV144-58-00's progeny, and with variation in yield (P = 0.023) for Stoneyhurst's progeny. The results obtained in this thesis are consistent with KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and KRT1.2 being clustered on one chromosome because both sires in this study passed on two major KAP1.1-KAP1.3-KRT1.2 haplotypes to their progeny, and the associations with wool traits were very similar for all the three loci. The major sire derived KAP1.1 – KAP1.3 - KRT1.2 haplotypes observed within the MV144-58-00 half-sib were: BBA (frequency of 43.4%; n = 43) and ADB (frequency of 44.4%; n = 44). Other minor haplotypes observed were: ADA (frequency of 4.0%; n = 4); BDA (frequency of 2.0%; n = 2); BBB (frequency of 3.0%; n = 3) and BDB (frequency of 3.0%; n = 3). In the Stoneyhurst half-sib, major sire-derived KAP 1.1 - KAP 1.3 - KR Tl.2 haplotypes observed were CCE (frequency of 53.1 %; n = 17) and BJD (frequency of 40.6%; n = 13). The minor haplotype BJE (frequency of 6.3%; n = 2) was also observed. Statistical analyses within the MVI44-58-00 half-sib showed that KAP1.1 AKAP1.3 D - KRT1.2 B haplotype was associated with increased yield (P = 0.023) and tended towards whiter wool colour (P = 0.059), smaller FDSD (P = 0.081) and stronger staple strength (P = 0.092). In the Stoneyhurst half-sib, the KAP1.1 B - KAP1.3 J - KRT1.2 D haplotype was associated with longer staple length (P = 0.010), while the KAP1.1 C - KAP1.3 C - KRT1.2 E haplotype showed a strong trend with increased wool brightness (P = 0.096). Result from this study indicated that the keratin genes on chromosome 11 are recombining relatively frequently at recombination "hotspots". A high rate of recombination among loci that impact on wool traits would make breeding for consistent wool quality very difficult. The results presented in this thesis suggest that genes coding for the KRTs and KAPs have the potential to impact on wool quality. KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and KRT1.2 could potentially be exploited in gene marker-assisted selection programmes within the wool industry to select for animals with increased staple length, 'increased staple strength, higher yield and brighter wool. This study was however limited to two half-sib families, and further investigation is required.

Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade / Resumo: Populações braquíticas têm sido constantemente estudadas no melhoramento de milho, o interesse por cultivares de porte baixo tem aumentado, principalmente por tolerarem plantios adensados, permitindo maior número de plantas por hectare. A prolificidade é um dos principais componentes na produção do milho que além da estabilidade de produção permite maior eficiência na utilização de nutrientes na planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a variabilidade genética, para diferentes caracteres, presente nas populações Isanão VF-1 e Isanão VD-1 após sete ciclos de seleção massal para prolificidade. Foram avaliadas 121 progênies de meios irmãos da população Isanão VF-1 e 65 progênies da população Isanão VD-1, ambas populações de milho braquítico, na segunda safra do ano agrícola 2017 (E1) e primeira safra 2017/2018 (E2). Os caracteres avaliados para as duas épocas de semeadura foram enfezamento, tombamento, prolificidade e rendimento de espigas, e apenas para a E2 foram avaliados florescimento feminino, altura de plantas, altura de espigas e rendimento de grãos. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos e os ganhos esperados com seleção com intensidade de seleção de 20%, para cada época e conjuntamente. Para a população Isanão VF-1 foram estimadas herdabilidades que variaram entre 37,70% e 74,82%, e ganhos de -5,11%, -10,48% para enfezamento, 19,57% e 7,13% para prolificidade, 20,75% e 15,74% para rendimento de espigas na E1 e E2 respectivamente. Para a população Isanão VD-1 as her... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Maize brachytic populations have been constantly studied in maize breeding, the interest for low-growing cultivars has increased, mainly because they tolerate high density of plants. Prolificacy is one of the main components of yield in maize that besides the yield stability allows higher efficiency in the use of nutrients in the plant. The objective of this work was to verify the genetic variability for different carachteres in the Isanão VF-1 and Isanão VD-1 brachytic populations after seven cycles of mass selection for prolificacy. A total of 121 open cross corn progenies from the Isanão VF-1 population and 65 open cross corn progenies from the Isanão VD-1 population, both brachytic maize populations, were evaluated in first crop 2017 (E1) and second crop 2017/2018 (E2). The evaluated traits for the two seasons were corn stunt complex, fall index, prolificacy and ear yield, and only for E2 were evaluated feminine flowering, plant height, ear height and grain yield. Genetic parameters and expected gains with selection, with 20% of intensity, were calculated for each season and jointly. For the Isanão VF-1 population, heritabilities were estimated from 37.70% to 74.82%, and expected gains of -5.11%, -10.48% for corn stunt complex, 19.57% and 7.13% for prolificacy, 20.75% and 15.74% for ear yield at E1 and E2 respectively. For the Isanão VD-1 population the heritabilities varied between 8.01% and 75.36%, and estimated gains were -3.198% and -9.565% for corn stunt complex, 12.... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade / Banca: Paulo Bahiense Ferraz Filho / Banca: Cristina Lacerda Soares Petrarolha Silva / Resumo: Técnicas como a redução do espaçamento entre linhas, permitindo um melhor arranjo das plantas no campo, juntamente com o aumento da densidade de semeadura, podem ser empregadas para aumentar a interceptação da radiação solar, visando o aumento do rendimento para cultivares de milho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a variação genética do Composto Flintisa Anão de milho, verificando se o mesmo apresenta potencial para melhoramento em condições de espaçamento reduzido e alta densidade populacional, em duas épocas de semeadura (normal e safrinha). Foram avaliadas, 150 progênies na safrinha/2004 e 118 na época normal (safra 2004/05), no espaçamento de 0,45 m entre linhas e densidade de 80.000 plantas ha-1, para os caracteres florescimento feminino, altura de plantas, altura de espigas, tombamento, prolificidade, grãos ardidos, rendimento. Variância genética aditiva, herdabilidade, correlação entre os caracteres, resposta correlacionada de um caráter mediante a seleção em outro e ganho esperado com seleção foram estimados para cada época e conjuntamente, considerando as progênies comuns nos dois ambientes. As herdabilidades estimadas foram 84,91 e 61,27% para altura de plantas, 80,90 e 66,86% para altura de espigas, 39,59 e 48,60% para tombamento, 60,12 e 45,01% para prolificidade e 78,07 e 63,32% para rendimento, respectivamente para época normal e safrinha. Os ganhos esperados com seleção de intensidade 20% foram 23,78 e 19,2% para rendimento, 12,36 e 10,5% para prolificidade e 19,10 e 12,9% para altura de espigas, respectivamente para época normal e safrinha. Considerando a análise conjunta, as herdabilidades e ganhos foram intermediários entre as duas épocas. As magnitudes dos parâmetros genéticos permitiram verificar que existe suficiente variabilidade genética no Composto Flintisa Anão, indicando a possibilidade de ganhos substanciais...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Techniques as spacing row reduction, allowing a better plant arrangement in the field, together with the increase of the sowing density, can be used to increase the interception of the solar radiation, seeking the increase of the grain yield for some maize cultivars. The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic variation of the Dwarf Flintisa Composite of maize, to verify its potential for improvement in reduced spacing between rows and high density of plants in two seasons (summer planting and no crop season). There were evaluated 150 progenies in no crop season (March to July/2004) and 118 progenies in summer planting (November/2004 to March/2005), in 0.45 m spacing rows and density of 80000 plants ha-1, for the traits feminine flowering, plant height, ear height, fall index, prolificacy, burning grains and grain yield. Addictive genetic variance, heritability correlation between traits, correlated answer of a trait by selection in other and expected gain selection, were estimated for each season and jointly. The heritability estimates were 84,91 e 61,27% for plant height, 80,90 e 66,86% for year height, 60.12 e 45.01% for prolificacy e 78.07 e 63.32% for grain yield, respectively to summer planting and no crop season. The expected gain with selection of 20% intensity were 23.78 and 19.2% for grain yield, 12.36 and 10.5% for prolificacy and 19.10 and 12.9% for ear height, respectively for summer crop and no crop season. In the joint analyses the heritabilities and expected gains were intermediate between two crop season. The genetics parameters magnitude showed that enough genetic variability in Dwarf Flintisa Composite indicating the possibility of substantial gain with selection in conditions of high density and reducing spacing between rows in summer crop and no crop season, and too to obtain a unique adapted population for both...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo, avaliar a variabilidade genética de nabo forrageiro cultivar CATI AL 1000 por meio de progênies de meios irmãos, e obter estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para as características: ciclo das plantas, altura das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos, e teor de óleo no grão, sendo conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da UNESP em São Manuel, campus de Botucatu - SP. Foram avaliadas 100 progênies de meios irmãos, distribuídas em Látice triplo 10x10, parcialmente balanceado. Para as características ciclo das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos e teor de óleo no grão, foi detectado diferença significativa para o quadrado médio de progênies, pelo teste F. Para a característica ciclo das plantas, o valor médio e a amplitude de variação das progênies foram, 137 dias, 121 - 158 dias respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de seleção apresentaram os seguintes valores, 45,90 % e 1,09 %. Para característica produtividade de grãos, a média e amplitude de variação de progênies foram, 7,40 g, 0,78 - 18,55 g, (49,40 kg/ha, 5,20 - 123,70 kg/ha) respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de seleção esperado, foram superiores em relação aos encontrados na literatura, comparando-se com populações de milho, para característica produtividade de grão, com valores de 90,70 % e 19,30 % respectivamente. A massa de 1000 grãos apresentou valores para a média e amplitude de variação de progênies de, 7,95 g, 3,35 - 13,51 g, respectivamente. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade e ganho de selção apresentaram os seguintes valores, 56,80 % e 4,80 %. Para a característica teor de óleo no grão, a média e amplitude de variação de progênies foram 34,42 %, 26,98 - 41,67 %, respectivamente...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate fodder radish genetic variability, cultivar CATI AL 100, by using half-sib progenies, and to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for the characteristics: plant cycle, plant height, grain yield, mass of 1000 seeds, and seed oil content, being carried out at UNESP Experimental Farm in São Manuel municipal districtal, Botucatu campus (São Paulo State, Brazil). A hundred half-sib progenies were distributed in triple latice scheme 10x10, partially balanced. For the characteristics plant cycle, grain yield, mass of 1000 seeds, and seed oil content, was detected, for the progenies medium square, significant difference, by F test. For the characteristic plant cycle, the average value and progenies range were 137 days and 121 - 158 days, respectively. The estimates of the inheritability coefficients and selection gain presented the following values: 45,90 % e 1,09 %. For grain yield character, the average value and progenies range were 7,40 g, 0,78 - 18,55 g (49,40 kg ha-1, 5,20 - 123,70 kg ha-1) respectively. The estimates of the inheritability coefficients and expected selection gain, were higher than those ones found in literature, being compared with maize populations, for grain yield, with values of 90,70 % and 19,30 % respectively. The mass of 1000 seeds presented values for the average and progenies range of 7,95 g, 3,35 - 13,51 g, respectively. The estimates of inheritability coefficients and selection gain showed the following values: 56,80 % e 4,80 % For the characteristic seed oil content, the average and progenies range were 34,42 %, 26,98 - 41,67 % respectively...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Maurício Dutra Zanotto / Coorientador: José Geraldo Carvalho do Amaral / Banca: Juliana Parisotto Poletine / Banca: João Paulo Teixeira Whitaker / Doutor