This paper develops a Bayesian ordinal regression model for the maladaptive subscales of the Inventory for Client and Agency Planning (ICAP). Because the maladaptive behavior section of the ICAP contains ordinal data, current analysis strategies combine all the subscales into three indices, making the data more interval in nature. Regular MANOVA tools are subsequently used to create a regression model for these indices. This paper uses ordinal regression to analyze each original scale separately. The sample consists of applicants for aid from Utah's Division of Services for Persons with Disabilities. Each applicant fills out the Scales of Independent Behavior"”Revised (SIB-R) portion of the ICAP that measures eight different maladaptive behaviors. This project models the frequency and severity of each of these eight problem behaviors with separate ordinal regression models. Gender, ethnicity, primary disability, and mental retardation are used as explanatory variables to calculate the odds ratios for a higher maladaptive behavior score in each model. This type of analysis provides a useful tool to any researcher using the ICAP to measure maladaptive behavior.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal. / Le syndrome d'irritation des bronches (SI B) a été défini comme la survenue de symptômes asthmatiques dans les 24 heures suivant une exposition unique et massive à un agent ayant des propriétés irritantes. Ce syndrome survient chez des sujets sans antécédents respiratoires, s'accompagne d'une hyperréactivité bronchique non spécifique et parfois d'une obstruction bronchique. Cette entité est encore mal connue à l'heure actuelle, et il existe très peu de données pathologiques dans la littérature concernant le SIB. Les cas rapportés décrivent des lésions pathologiques chroniques ; les biopsies bronchiques ont été, en effet, effectuées plusieurs mois ou années après l'exposition initiale sans étude de revolution de ces lésions dans le temps. Nous nous sommes attachés dans ce travail d'une part à étudier les caractéristiques pathologiques aiguës du SIB en suivant leur évolution dans le temps, et d'autre part à préciser les lésions structurales chroniques observées dans le SIB plusieurs années après exposition initiale. Nous avons également fait une mise au point sur les connaissances actuelles de cette entité en insistant sur les aspects cliniques et épidémiologiques. Nous rapportons les lésions aiguës rencontrées dans le SIB au travers de deux cas de SIB que nous avons eu l'opportunité d'étudier peu de temps après l'exposition (60 heures dans un des cas) et chez qui un suivi fonctionnel et histologique a pu être effectué. Après exposition à une concentration élevée d'agent irritant, il existe une desquamation initiale de l'épithélium bronchique avec apparition précoce d'un infiltrât inflammatoire suivi de l'apparition d'une fibrose sous épithéliale. Une régénération quasi complète de l'épithélium survient également dans les mois suivant l'exposition. Les atteintes fonctionnelles observées chez ces sujets ne semblent pas être étroitement reliées aux lésions histologiques. 0 iv Une étude précédente effectuée dans notre centre sur 5 sujets porteurs d'un SIB, avait montré qu'une des caractéristiques principales de l'atteinte pathologique 24 à 36 mois après exposition à un agent irritant était la présence d'une fibrose sous-épithéliale. Dès lors, nous nous sommes attachés à préciser les lésions pathologiques chroniques du SIB en décrivant plus précisément les modifications structurales observées dans cette affection. Nous avons étudié les caractéristiques de la fibrose sousépithéliale rencontrée dans le SIB chez 4 sujets par des méthodes immuno-histo-chimiques. Le type de collagène retrouvé au niveau de la paroi bronchique suggère que, au contraire de l'asthme, les cellules épithéliales pourraient être responsables d'une partie des changements structuraux observés dans cette pathologie. Des myofibroblastes mis en evidence dans le tissu sous epithelial pourraient être responsables, conjointement aux cellules épithéliales, de cette fibrose sous-épithéliale. Les lésions pathologiques rencontrées dans le SIB sont donc réversibles pour une part, mais une fibrose persiste généralement. Les conséquences fonctionnelles de cette fibrose sont difficiles à apprécier et devront être précisées dans l'avenir. Il existe encore de nombreux points à éclaircir concernant l'épidémiologie, le pronostic et le traitement du SIB.

In this dissertation, I report new information that is necessary for future mating system studies in a little studied species, the marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum). I studied female mating behavior, sexual selection, and the consequences of polyandry for individual females and salamander populations. I also compared the performance of several statistical approaches for analyzing genetic mating system data. The first chapter summarizes the characteristics of several novel microsatellite DNA loci as well as cross-amplified loci for marbled salamanders and mole salamanders that may be used for future studies. In the second chapter, I report estimates of sire number for 13 marbled salamander clutches based on microsatellite data from 32 hatchlings per clutch. Females mated with as many as three different males as indicated by conservative techniques. Less than half of females mated with multiple males. Based on comparative analyses, I recommend the parental reconstruction approach with the computer program GERUD for assessing multiple paternity. The third chapter describes an experiment designed to study sexual selection. As expected, in breeding mesocosms, the potential for sexual selection was much higher for males than for females. Size was unrelated to variance in male reproductive fitness. Only opportunity for selection and Morisita’s index conformed to theoretical expectations of the relationship between operational sex ratio and the potential for sexual selection among males. Because opportunity for selection has intuitive links to formal sexual selection theory, I recommend its continued use. In the fourth chapter, I compared polyandrous and monandrous females to explore the potential fitness consequences of multimale mating. No fitness measure at the egg or hatchling stage (clutch size, hatching success, hatchling size, etc.) differed between the two types of clutches. Size of metamorphs was not different, but polyandrous clutches had significantly higher survival to metamorphosis. In the fifth chapter, I analyzed effects of increased polyandry and male availability on genetic diversity, effective population size (Ne), and fitness of experimental populations. Although no analyses were significant, some effects were moderate to high in size. Ne was higher when estimated from hatchlings than with metamorphs.

Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar 100 progênies de meios irmãos da população de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg.), cultivar CATI AL 1000 em dois ciclos de seleção entre e dentro de progênies de meios irmãos, para as características: ciclo das plantas, altura das plantas, produtividade de grãos, massa de 1000 grãos, teor de óleo no grão e produtividade de óleo, na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, no município de São Manuel - SP, no ano de 2004, e na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, no município de Botucatu - SP, no ano de 2005, 2006, e 2007, pertencentes a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - campus de Botucatu - SP, da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". Foram avaliadas 100 progênies de meios irmãos de nabo forrageiro cultivar CATI AL 1000, em ensaio de competição, distribuídas em delineamento látice 10x10, parcialmente balanceado, com três repetições. As progênies superiores foram recombinadas e selecionadas no ano agrícola seguinte obtendo um ciclo a cada dois anos. Foram realizados dois ciclos de seleção. Os dados coletados a campo, para todas as características, foram padronizados seguindo a metodologia recomendada, e submetidos a análise de variância e testes de médias. Foram obtidas as correlações entre os caracteres e obtidas as estimativas de parâmetros genéticos. Para todas as características avaliadas, foi identificada a presença de variabilidade genética, decrescendo no segundo ciclo de seleção, entre as progênies de meios irmãos. Foram observados ganhos genéticos de 8,96, 18,47, 93,29, 12,51, e 69,11 %, para as características avaliadas: altura das plantas, massa de 1000 grãos, produção de grãos, teor de óleo do grão, e produtividade de grão, respectivamente. Observou-se correlação negativa e significativa entre produtividade de grãos e teor de óleo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The purpose of the present research was evaluate100 half-sib progenies of the population of wild radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. Oleiferus Metzg.) Cultivar CATI AL 1000 in two cycles of selection, among and within half-sib progenies for characteristics: cycle of plants, plant height, grain yield, 1000 grain weight, grain oil content and oil yield in the Experimental Farm San Manuel, in Sao Manuel - SP, in 2004, and in the Farm Experimental Lageado, in Botucatu - SP, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, at Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas - Botucatu campus - SP, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho". In this study, were evaluated 100 half-sib progenies of wild radish cultivar CATI AL 1000, in an essay competition, distributed in a 10x10 lattice, partially balanced, with three replications. The selected progenies were recombined and selected in the following crop year obtaining a cycle every two years. There were two cycles of selection. For all traits, the data collected at the field were patterned according to recommended methodology, and subjected to analysis of variance and multiple comparisons. The correlations between the characters and the estimates of genetic parameters were obtained. For all traits, the presence of genetic variability was identified, decreasing in the second cylce of selection, among the half-sib progenies. Genetic gains of 8.96, 18.47, 93.29, 12.51 were observed, and 69.11% for the characteristics evaluated: plant height, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, oil content of grain, and grain yield, respectively.There was negative correlation between grain yield and grain oil content, plant height and mass of 1000 grains, and positive and significant relationship between grain yield and plant height, also 1000 grain weight and oil content of grain. The genetic parameters values decreased from cycle I to cycle II, but the high magnitudes calculated in the second... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Maurício Dutra Zanotto / Coorientador: José Geraldo Carvalho do Amaral / Banca: Cibelle Chalita Martins / Banca: João Paulo Teixiera Whitaker / Banca: Luciano Soares de Souza / Banca: Fábio Suano de Souza / Doutor

<p>The goal of this master thesis is to show the benefit of using computer games of the type First Person Shooter, FPS in the field of military simulations. The main focus in this is around a couple of topics. Creating the AI that controls the behaviour of the computer-controlled characters, the bots. Create an environment where it is possible to supervise the bots and also design a framework that enables cooperation between a group of bots, a squad. </p><p>The result is Total Unreal Studio, TUS, a program where it is possible to add bots to a squad, connect them to a game server and inspect what the bots are doing. Several maneuvers that could be applied to a squad has been implemented such as room clearing where the squad clear a building from eventual enemies, room by room and other different attacking strategies. Also it is very easy to create new maneuvres for a squad as effect of the design. </p><p>As the name of the program indicates, the well-known game Unreal Tournament is used as platform for the simulation. But because we use a interface between the game server and TUS, it is possible to switch to any other game and the interface is the only thing that has to be modified. To get good situation awareness a lot of node analysis is required, for instance calculating good sniping positions, pinch points and advantageous locations from where to perform an ambush.</p> / <p>Målet med detta examensarbete är att påvisa fördelen med att använda datorspel av typen FörstaPersonsSpel, FPS, inom militära simuleringar. Huvudinriktningen hos arbetet har rört ett flertal ämnen: att skapa det AI som kontrollerar beteendet hos datorkontrollerade karaktärer, så kallade botar, skapa en miljö där det är möjligt att övervaka botarna och även designa ett ramverk som möjliggör samarbete mellan botar i en grupp. </p><p>Resultatet av examensarbetet är Total Unreal Studio, TUS, en applikation där det är möjligt att lägga till botar i en grupp, ansluta dem till en spelserver och övervaka deras agerande. Flera manövrar för en grupp av botar finns redan implementerade. Ett par av dessa är rumsrensning där stridsgruppens uppgift är att rensa en byggnad från eventuella fiender rum för rum samt andra attackmanövrar. Designens utseende gör även att det är mycket enkelt att lägga till ytterligare manövrar om så önskas.</p><p>Som namnet på programmet indikerar används det välkända spelet Unreal Tournament som plattform för simuleringarna. Mellan spelet och TUS används gränssnittet Gamebots vilket gör det möjligt att byta till vilket spel som helst och det enda som behöver modifieras är gränssnittet. För att botarna ska kunna ta riktiga beslut behövs ett sätt att få uppfattning om omvärlden. Detta fås genom att analysera de navigeringsnoder som är utplacerade. Denna analys kan gå ut på att hitta bra krypskyttenoder eller fördelaktiga platser att anlägga bakhåll.</p>

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often have a family history of the disease, implicating genetics as a major risk factor. Three genes are currently known to cause familial early-onset AD (&lt;65 years): the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilins (PSEN1 and PSEN2). For the much more common late-onset disease (&gt;65 years), only the APOE gene has repeatedly been associated to AD, where the ε4 allele increases disease risk and decreases age at onset. As APOE ε4 only explains part of the total estimated disease risk, more genes are expected to contribute to AD. This thesis has focused on the study of genetic risk factors involved in AD. In the first study, we conducted a linkage analysis of six chromosomes previously implicated in AD in a collection of affected relative pairs from Sweden, the UK and the USA. An earlier described linkage peak on chromosome 10q21 could not be replicated in the current sample, while significant linkage was demonstrated to chromosome 19q13 where the APOE gene is located. The linkage to 19q13 was further analyzed in the second study, demonstrating no significant evidence of genes other than APOE contributing to this peak. In the third study, the prevalence of APP duplications, a recently reported cause of early-onset AD, was investigated. No APP duplications were identified in 141 Swedish and Finnish early-onset AD patients, implying that this is not a common disease mechanism in the Scandinavian population. In the fourth study, genes with altered mRNA levels in the brain of a transgenic AD mouse model (tgAPP-ArcSwe) were identified using microarray analysis. Differentially expressed genes were further analyzed in AD brain. Two genes from the Wnt signaling pathway, TCF7L2 and MYC, had significantly increased mRNA levels in both transgenic mice and in AD brains, implicating cell differentiation and possibly neurogenesis in AD.

The goal of this master thesis is to show the benefit of using computer games of the type First Person Shooter, FPS in the field of military simulations. The main focus in this is around a couple of topics. Creating the AI that controls the behaviour of the computer-controlled characters, the bots. Create an environment where it is possible to supervise the bots and also design a framework that enables cooperation between a group of bots, a squad. The result is Total Unreal Studio, TUS, a program where it is possible to add bots to a squad, connect them to a game server and inspect what the bots are doing. Several maneuvers that could be applied to a squad has been implemented such as room clearing where the squad clear a building from eventual enemies, room by room and other different attacking strategies. Also it is very easy to create new maneuvres for a squad as effect of the design. As the name of the program indicates, the well-known game Unreal Tournament is used as platform for the simulation. But because we use a interface between the game server and TUS, it is possible to switch to any other game and the interface is the only thing that has to be modified. To get good situation awareness a lot of node analysis is required, for instance calculating good sniping positions, pinch points and advantageous locations from where to perform an ambush. / Målet med detta examensarbete är att påvisa fördelen med att använda datorspel av typen FörstaPersonsSpel, FPS, inom militära simuleringar. Huvudinriktningen hos arbetet har rört ett flertal ämnen: att skapa det AI som kontrollerar beteendet hos datorkontrollerade karaktärer, så kallade botar, skapa en miljö där det är möjligt att övervaka botarna och även designa ett ramverk som möjliggör samarbete mellan botar i en grupp. Resultatet av examensarbetet är Total Unreal Studio, TUS, en applikation där det är möjligt att lägga till botar i en grupp, ansluta dem till en spelserver och övervaka deras agerande. Flera manövrar för en grupp av botar finns redan implementerade. Ett par av dessa är rumsrensning där stridsgruppens uppgift är att rensa en byggnad från eventuella fiender rum för rum samt andra attackmanövrar. Designens utseende gör även att det är mycket enkelt att lägga till ytterligare manövrar om så önskas. Som namnet på programmet indikerar används det välkända spelet Unreal Tournament som plattform för simuleringarna. Mellan spelet och TUS används gränssnittet Gamebots vilket gör det möjligt att byta till vilket spel som helst och det enda som behöver modifieras är gränssnittet. För att botarna ska kunna ta riktiga beslut behövs ett sätt att få uppfattning om omvärlden. Detta fås genom att analysera de navigeringsnoder som är utplacerade. Denna analys kan gå ut på att hitta bra krypskyttenoder eller fördelaktiga platser att anlägga bakhåll.

Magistro darbe tiriama paprastosios eglės kilmių ir rinktinių medžių palikuonių šeimų genetinis–selekcinis įvertinimas bandomuosiuose želdiniuose. Darbo objektas – Ąžuolų Būdos girininkija, 55 kv., 6 skl. Augavietė Lc. Įveisti 1985 m. keturmečiais sodinukais. Plotas 1,5 ha. Darbo tikslas – atlikti paprastosios eglės kilmių ir rinktinių medžių šeimų genetinį–selekcinį įvertinimą bandomuosiuose želdiniuose. Atrinkti pranašiausius genotipus (rinktinius medžius ir individus palikuonių šeimose) antros kartos miško sėklinėms plantacijoms veisti ir įvertinti selekcinį efektą. Darbo metodai – atlikti 50-ties medžių medienos kietumo ir aukščio matavimai kiekviename variante ir kiekvieno medžio skersmens, stiebo tiesumo, dvistiebiškumo, pleištinių šakų įvertinimai. Medienos kietumas išmatuotas Pylodin prietaisu, aukštis – aukštimačiu, skersmuo – žerglėmis. Registruotos žuvusių medžių vietos ir apskaičiuotas išsilaikymas. Kokybiniai požymiai įvertinti pagal genetiniuose–selekciniuose tyrimuose naudojamą vizualaus medžių kokybinių požymių įvertinimo metodiką. Matavimų metu medelių amžius buvo 32 metai. Duomenų sisteminimas ir jų analizė atlikta, naudojant statistinių duomenų tvarkymo paketą Microsoft Excell, o duomenų statistiškai patikimi skirtumai nustatyti STEPDISC SAS analizės testu. Darbo rezultatai. Gauti rezultatai atskleidė, kad 71 % bandomų šeimų augimu pralenkė vietinę kilmę. Šiek tiek mažesnė dalis šeimų buvo pranašesnės už vietinę kilmę pagal pleištinių šakų proporciją. Ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master's Thesis includes the study of Norway spruce provenances and plus trees progeny in the Ažuolų Būda field trial. The object of the study – Ažuolų Būda Forest District, block No. 55, plot No. 6. Site Lc. The field trial was established with 4 year old seedlings in 1985. The field area is 1.5 ha. Objective of the study – to perform genetic evaluation of Norway spruce provenances and plus trees progeny in the Ažuolų Būda field trial and select the best genotypes (parental plus trees and trees in progeny families) for the second generation seed orchards. Material and methods – wood hardness and total height of 50 trees was measured in each replicate. Diameter, stem straightness, multiple leader shoots, spike knots were registered for all the trees in the trial. Pilodyn 6J was used for measuring wood hardness, Vertex IV – for height, electronic Haglof callipers- for diameter. Survival was calculated by registering empty planting places. Quality traits were assessed using well known scales applied in tree breeding studies. At a time of assessment age of trees was 32 years. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SAS 9.3 statistical package (SAS Mixed and Corr procedures). Study results. The results showed that 71% of tested families grew better than the local origin. Slightly smaller amount of families were better by proportion of spike knots. And only two families were less hardy by wood compared to local one. Population variance component was the largest for... [to full text]

Analys av strid i bebyggelse mot Stephen Biddles teori om utfall av militära operationer då strid i bebyggelse idag är ett modernt forskningsämne där flera vetenskapliga discipliner bidrar till utvecklingen, samtidigt som 60- och 70 talets operationsanalyser kan anses förlegade, genomförs detta arbete i syfte att undersöka hur en teori påverkas då den tillämpas för att analysera strid i bebyggelse, som den inte var designad för. Stephen Biddle har i boken "Military Power" formulerat en teori om förhållandet mellan utfallet av militära operationer och de av honom viktigaste komponenterna för att förklara det: Tekniknivå, Numerär och Metod. Denna studie skall undersöka vilka utgångsvärden vid strid i bebyggelse som är så annorlunda, och på vilket sätt de skiljer sig, mot de i Stephen Biddles teori att den kan eller inte kan vara lämplig att tillämpa för analys av strid i bebyggelse. Inledningsvis beskrivs Biddles teori, därefter diskuteras de generella företeelser vid strid i bebyggelse mot teorins grundvärden och en fallstudie analyseras genom Biddles teori. Genom att fastställa vilka utgångsvärden som skiljer sig från teorin kan denna studie svara på om det är lämpligt eller inte att tillämpa Biddles teori vid analys av strid i bebyggelse. Resultatet är att trots skillnaderna i utgångsvärden är stora mot de i Biddles teori, kan inte studien påvisa att Biddles teori inte stämmer. De utgångsvärden som skiljer sig från teorin kan främst härledas till försvararens möjlighet att utnyttja terrängen. / <p>Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps. Hylla: Upps. ChP 04-06</p>

Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade / Banca: Pedro Cesar dos Santos / Banca: José Branco de Miranda Filho / Resumo: Técnicas como a redução do espaçamento entre linhas, permitindo um melhor arranjo das plantas no campo, juntamente com o aumento da densidade de semeadura, podem ser empregadas para aumentar a interceptação da radiação solar, visando o aumento do rendimento para algumas cultivares de milho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a variação genética do composto Flintisa Anão de milho, a fim de verificar se o mesmo apresenta potencial para melhoramento em condições de safrinha, espaçamento reduzido e duas densidades de semeadura. Foram avaliadas, na safrinha/2004, 150 progênies de meios irmãos, no espaçamento de 0,45 m entre linhas e nas densidades de 57.800 e 80.000 plantas ha-1, para os caracteres florescimento feminino, altura de plantas, altura de espigas, tombamento, prolificidade, grãos ardidos e rendimento de grãos. Variância genética aditiva, herdabilidade, correlação entre os caracteres, resposta correlacionada de um caráter mediante seleção em outro e ganho esperado com seleção, foram estimados para cada densidade e conjuntamente. Foram estimados ganhos de 16,0 e 19,2% para rendimento, 11,1 e 10,5% para prolificidade e 12,3 e 12,9% para altura de espigas, respectivamente para as densidades de 57.800 e 80.000 plantas ha-1. As estimativas de herdabilidade para altura de plantas, altura de espigas e rendimento, nas densidades 57.800 e 80.000 plantas ha-1 foram respectivamente 65,19 e 61,27%, 64,30 e 66,86% e 53,53 e 63,32%. As estimativas parecidas, e a ausência de interação progênies x densidades, indicam que não há necessidade de programas de seleção distintos. A densidade de 57.800 plantas ha-1 pode ser preferida apenas pelo fato das progênies...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Techniques as spacing row reduction, allowing a better plant arrangement in the field, together with the increase of the sowing density, can be used to increase the interception of the solar radiation, seeking the increase of the grain yield for some maize cultivars. The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic variation of the Dwarf Flintisa composite of maize, to verify its potential for improvement in off season crop, in reduced spacing between rows and two sowing densities. In the off season crop (March to July/2004) 150 half sib progenies were evaluated, in 0.45 m spacing rows and densities of 57800 and 80000 plants ha-1, for the traits female flowering, plant height, ear height, lodging, prolificacy, burning grains and grain yield. Additive genetic variance, heritability, correlation between traits, correlated response of a trait by selection in other and expected gain from selection, were estimated for each density and jointly. Gains of 16.0 and 19.2% for grain yield, 11.1 and 10.5% for prolificacy and 12.3 and 12.9% for ear height, respectively for the populations of 57800 and 80000 plants ha-1 were estimated. The heritability estimates for plant height, ear height and grain yield, in densities 57800 and 80000 plants ha-1 were 65.19 and 61.27%, 64.30 and 66.86% and 53.53 and 63.32%, respectively. The similar estimates and the absence of progenies x densities interaction, indicate that there different selection programs are not justified. The density of 57800 plants ha-1 can just be preferred because the progenies present larger grain yield, smaller lodging and higher prolificacy, on average. Therefore the Dwarf Flintisa composite has sufficient genetic variability for improvement for low and for high sowing density, in off season crop conditions...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre