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A política de defesa do Japão na primeira década do Século XXI / Japan's defense policy in the 2000s / La política de defensa de Japon en la primera década del siglo XXI / Die japanische Verteidigungspolitik im ersten Jahrzehnt des 21. Jahrhunderts / La politique de défense du Japon pendant la première décennie du 21e siècleWatanabe, Paulo Daniel [UNESP] 29 February 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / A forma pela qual se reinseriu o Japão após sua derrota na Segunda Guerra Mundial faz do
Arquipélago um modelo único nas relações internacionais. Com o fim do Império Nipônico, o
Japão sofreu diversas mudanças que tiveram impacto na Política Externa japonesa ao longo de
mais de 50 anos. Após reaver sua soberania em 1952, e por ser constitucionalmente proibido
de manter Forças Armadas, o país formulou sua Política Externa e de Defesa tendo como o
pilar principal os Estados Unidos da América, em uma posição de subordinação, como um
“free rider”. Esperava-se, contudo, que tal condição não duraria por muito tempo. Previa-se
que o Arquipélago se transformaria em uma potência militar assim que se transformasse em
uma potência econômica. Até o final do século XX, o Japão não conseguiu atingir o status
que lhe era previsto. Entretanto, a partir de 2001, o país ingressou-se em uma política
revisionista, o que mudou conceitos, teorias e características que permeavam a Política
Externa japonesa. O Japão decidiu mudar seu comportamento em Defesa, o que foi bem visto
pelos EUA. A presente tese tem como objetivo analisar a Política de Defesa do Japão e suas
principais mudanças na primeira década do século XXI. / The way Japan entered the international community after its defeat in World War II makes it a unique model in the international relations. After the end of the Japanese Empire, Japan has gone through many changes that impacted its foreign policy during the next 50 years. After restoring its sovereignty in 1952 and under a constitutional ban on any armed forces, Japan formulated its foreign and defense policy centered in the US, under a subordinated role, as a free rider. It was expected, however, that such condition would not last for a long time. It was expected that Japan would turn into a military power after being a economic power. At the end of the 20th century, Japan did not reach the role that was foreseen. Nevertheless, from 2001 on, Japan started a revisionist policy, which has changed concepts, theories and characteristics that described the Japanese foreign policy. Japan then decided to change its behavior in defense and it was welcomed by the US. This thesis analyses the defense policy of Japan and its main changes during the first decade of the 21st century.
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Leadership and Military Power – Can a Leadership Approach Provide a Competitive Advantage?Skelly, Lawrence E, III 01 January 2023 (has links) (PDF)
Leadership and Military Power – Can a Leadership Approach Provide a Competitive Advantage? When does a military commander's leadership approach give his or her unit a performance advantage? U.S. Army senior leaders have asserted that forces led using the mission command approach will have an edge in future combat. Mission command decentralizes decision-making to empower subordinates to react more successfully and seize battlefield opportunities. American forces have struggled to employ mission command partly because of a lack of understanding of the approach. This study applied two concepts from organizational psychology, empowering leadership and directive leadership, to better define and examine mission command and an opposing approach, detailed command. I observed three combat-like exercises at the U.S. Army's Combat Training Centers to evaluate the impact of leadership on unit performance. Using qualitative data gained from my observations and interviews with unit leaders, I found that empowering leadership/ mission command could provide significant advantages to units with high team experience. However, I found that empowered units with low team experience tended to perform worse than similar units led by directive leadership/ detailed command.
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The Determinants of Foreign Policy VolatilityMattiacci, Eleonora January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Implications for United States’ Military Strategy and Policy ofChina’s Asymmetric Anti-Satellite CapabilityRobey, William Bud 15 May 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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"Military power" och strid i bebyggelse : analys av strid i bebyggelse mot Stephen Biddles teori om utfall av militära operationerLidbeck, Patrik January 2006 (has links)
Analys av strid i bebyggelse mot Stephen Biddles teori om utfall av militära operationer då strid i bebyggelse idag är ett modernt forskningsämne där flera vetenskapliga discipliner bidrar till utvecklingen, samtidigt som 60- och 70 talets operationsanalyser kan anses förlegade, genomförs detta arbete i syfte att undersöka hur en teori påverkas då den tillämpas för att analysera strid i bebyggelse, som den inte var designad för. Stephen Biddle har i boken "Military Power" formulerat en teori om förhållandet mellan utfallet av militära operationer och de av honom viktigaste komponenterna för att förklara det: Tekniknivå, Numerär och Metod. Denna studie skall undersöka vilka utgångsvärden vid strid i bebyggelse som är så annorlunda, och på vilket sätt de skiljer sig, mot de i Stephen Biddles teori att den kan eller inte kan vara lämplig att tillämpa för analys av strid i bebyggelse. Inledningsvis beskrivs Biddles teori, därefter diskuteras de generella företeelser vid strid i bebyggelse mot teorins grundvärden och en fallstudie analyseras genom Biddles teori. Genom att fastställa vilka utgångsvärden som skiljer sig från teorin kan denna studie svara på om det är lämpligt eller inte att tillämpa Biddles teori vid analys av strid i bebyggelse. Resultatet är att trots skillnaderna i utgångsvärden är stora mot de i Biddles teori, kan inte studien påvisa att Biddles teori inte stämmer. De utgångsvärden som skiljer sig från teorin kan främst härledas till försvararens möjlighet att utnyttja terrängen. / <p>Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps. Hylla: Upps. ChP 04-06</p>
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Militarization: A Witch's War Brew? : How military power affects authoritarian regimes' behaviorSigurdh, Lina January 2021 (has links)
The effect of regime type on conflict onset is a well-studied phenomenon, and various studies have found that variance in regime type, and within regime types, affects conflict onset. For instance, militarization in autocracies seems to be linked with increased risk of initiating conflict. However, even in the studies that disaggregate types of autocracies, the categorizations are relatively shallow. This thesis aims to create a definition of military dictatorships which captures their complexity more fully, to determine whether militarization truly does increase the risk of conflict onset. Military dictatorships are here defined as a state that achieves and maintains power through threat or actual use of force, is outwardly or effectively controlled by military officers, and places high value on maintaining a powerful armed force to protect constitutional and territorial integrity. The method used is a logistic regression, where the independent variable is military dictatorship, and the dependent variable is directed dyads. The results show that when a state is a military dictatorship, the log odds of it initiating conflict is 0.73; military dictatorships are indeed more likely to initiate conflict than autocracies in general.
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A territorialidade militar no Brasil: os Tiros de Guerra e a estratégia da presença / The military territoriality of land in Brazil: The Gunmen Instruction Units for Second Class Reserve and the strategy of presenceGonzales, Selma Lúcia de Moura 24 July 2008 (has links)
Os Tiros de Guerra são Órgãos de Formação da Reserva (OFR) do Exército Brasileiro que preparam o jovem para compor a reserva mobilizável da Força Militar terrestre, porém com especificidades e objetivos distintos dos da formação do soldado-recruta. Essa tese objetiva analisar a territorialidade militar terrestre no Brasil práticas e ações que se materializam no território e corroboram para sua apropriação a partir do estudo da distribuição e atuação dos Tiros de Guerra e a relação destes com o que preconiza a estratégia militar de presença, definida como uma das estratégias de organização e articulação do Exército Brasileiro. De duzentos e trinta Tiros de Guerra existentes, localizados em vinte e um Estados da Federação, foram pesquisados cento e cinqüenta e oito, mediante entrevistas com Chefes de Instrução e aplicação de questionários. Constatou-se que esses órgãos militares sofreram mudanças estruturais no que se refere à sua funcionalidade e ao público-alvo. De órgãos alternativos para que as elites locais se eximissem do serviço militar obrigatório em organizações militares da ativa, converteram-se em órgãos que absorvem os jovens mais desfavorecidos socialmente para a prestação do serviço militar. Comportam-se como vetor de convergência doutrinária patriótico-militar, caracterizando-se como uma rede de malha elástica estratégica institucional. Atendem, prioritariamente, a territorialidade institucional e promovem a apropriação simbólica do território municipal, em consonância com o poder político local. Corroboram com a estratégia militar de presença de maneira bastante limitada no aspecto combativo, todavia voltam-se à estratégia sociopolítica institucional no sentido de permanência e aceitabilidade da organização militar terrestre. Assim, validam uma presença institucional que, todavia, não se restringe à presença material, mas traduz-se numa inserção na malha social do município. / The Gunmen Instruction Units for Second Class Reserve are Military Organizations of the Brazilian Army that are responsible for forming its Reserve (OFR), preparing the youth to constitute the mobilizable terrestrial Military Force, however, with different objectives and specificities in comparison to the ordinary soldier-recruit formation. This academic work aims to analyse the military territoriality of land in Brazil practices and actions that are materialized in territory and corroborate its appropriation based on the study of the distribution and the work of the Gunmen Instruction Units in their relation with the military strategy of presence, defined as one of the strategies of organization and articulation in the Brazilian Army. One hundred fifty-eight of the two hundred thirty Gunmen Instruction Units located in twenty-one States of the country were studied through interviews with Chief Instructors as well as through questionnaires. It was verified that these Organizations have undergone structural changes in terms of their purpose and their public. From alternative organizations with which local elites individuals avoided the obligatory military service in ordinary military organizations, the Gunmen Instruction Units have become shelter for socially unprotected young people. The Units, thus, work as vectors of convergence for patriotic and military doctrine, playing the role of a strategic elastic mesh net in the institution. They cover, mostly, the institutional territoriality and promote the symbolic appropriation of municipal territory in agreement with local political power. Although the Gunmen Instruction Units corroborates the military strategy of presence in a very timid way in terms of combat purposes, it has succeeded in the socialpolitical strategy of the institution concerning permanence and acceptability of the terrestrial military organization. Thus, the Gunmen Instruction Units validate an institutional presence that is not limited to a material reality but it is also inserted and expressed in the social mesh of the municipal district.
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A territorialidade militar no Brasil: os Tiros de Guerra e a estratégia da presença / The military territoriality of land in Brazil: The Gunmen Instruction Units for Second Class Reserve and the strategy of presenceSelma Lúcia de Moura Gonzales 24 July 2008 (has links)
Os Tiros de Guerra são Órgãos de Formação da Reserva (OFR) do Exército Brasileiro que preparam o jovem para compor a reserva mobilizável da Força Militar terrestre, porém com especificidades e objetivos distintos dos da formação do soldado-recruta. Essa tese objetiva analisar a territorialidade militar terrestre no Brasil práticas e ações que se materializam no território e corroboram para sua apropriação a partir do estudo da distribuição e atuação dos Tiros de Guerra e a relação destes com o que preconiza a estratégia militar de presença, definida como uma das estratégias de organização e articulação do Exército Brasileiro. De duzentos e trinta Tiros de Guerra existentes, localizados em vinte e um Estados da Federação, foram pesquisados cento e cinqüenta e oito, mediante entrevistas com Chefes de Instrução e aplicação de questionários. Constatou-se que esses órgãos militares sofreram mudanças estruturais no que se refere à sua funcionalidade e ao público-alvo. De órgãos alternativos para que as elites locais se eximissem do serviço militar obrigatório em organizações militares da ativa, converteram-se em órgãos que absorvem os jovens mais desfavorecidos socialmente para a prestação do serviço militar. Comportam-se como vetor de convergência doutrinária patriótico-militar, caracterizando-se como uma rede de malha elástica estratégica institucional. Atendem, prioritariamente, a territorialidade institucional e promovem a apropriação simbólica do território municipal, em consonância com o poder político local. Corroboram com a estratégia militar de presença de maneira bastante limitada no aspecto combativo, todavia voltam-se à estratégia sociopolítica institucional no sentido de permanência e aceitabilidade da organização militar terrestre. Assim, validam uma presença institucional que, todavia, não se restringe à presença material, mas traduz-se numa inserção na malha social do município. / The Gunmen Instruction Units for Second Class Reserve are Military Organizations of the Brazilian Army that are responsible for forming its Reserve (OFR), preparing the youth to constitute the mobilizable terrestrial Military Force, however, with different objectives and specificities in comparison to the ordinary soldier-recruit formation. This academic work aims to analyse the military territoriality of land in Brazil practices and actions that are materialized in territory and corroborate its appropriation based on the study of the distribution and the work of the Gunmen Instruction Units in their relation with the military strategy of presence, defined as one of the strategies of organization and articulation in the Brazilian Army. One hundred fifty-eight of the two hundred thirty Gunmen Instruction Units located in twenty-one States of the country were studied through interviews with Chief Instructors as well as through questionnaires. It was verified that these Organizations have undergone structural changes in terms of their purpose and their public. From alternative organizations with which local elites individuals avoided the obligatory military service in ordinary military organizations, the Gunmen Instruction Units have become shelter for socially unprotected young people. The Units, thus, work as vectors of convergence for patriotic and military doctrine, playing the role of a strategic elastic mesh net in the institution. They cover, mostly, the institutional territoriality and promote the symbolic appropriation of municipal territory in agreement with local political power. Although the Gunmen Instruction Units corroborates the military strategy of presence in a very timid way in terms of combat purposes, it has succeeded in the socialpolitical strategy of the institution concerning permanence and acceptability of the terrestrial military organization. Thus, the Gunmen Instruction Units validate an institutional presence that is not limited to a material reality but it is also inserted and expressed in the social mesh of the municipal district.
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Gestão de defesa: o sistema de inovação no segmento de não-guerraFranco-Azevedo, Carlos Eduardo 04 November 2013 (has links)
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TESE FGV Franco Azevedo 2013.pdf: 12408402 bytes, checksum: a1ff8d197c9caff0298d6e9ef4fffcc6 (MD5) / Capes e Ministério da Defesa / With the end of the Cold War and the events that took place on 'September 11', new threats have emerged, negatively impacting the perception of collective security, and imposing profound changes in the structure and mode of action of the Military of various nations. The social marginalization, drug trafficking, organized crime, environmental degradation and many other threats, have made some nations found themselves motivated to employ its armed forces primarily to combat these ills, i.e., in the 'Operations Others Than The War' (OOTW). This phenomenon has caused a up-sege in military science, as reflected in the social, political and economic, triggering a process known as 'Defense Transformation or Revolution of Military Affairs (RMA)', which is only feasible with the rupture of some traditional management models and the introduction of a new organizational culture that promotes an environment suited to the process of innovation in the Defense sector. To manage this process, there should be a sectorial innovation system of defense, which, as pointed research is fragmented and disjointed, which produces fundamentally incremental innovations and rarely disruptive ones. It is a virtual system that does not formally exist as such, but it has all the necessary infrastructure to operate as a formal system and manageable. The research, of epistemological structuralism similarities, aimed to develop a conceptual model for managing the innovation system of the Defense sector (OOTW segment), based on an subjacent structure unveiled that, covertly, support the current system. The unveiling of this structure allowed us to conclude that, in the studied field, the agents of the innovation system, acting in accordance with their interests, mobilize, consciously or unconsciously, the evaluative factors of innovation present in their organizational culture, which, along with the influence of support factors (Capital), are essential for the formation of alliances and, consequently, to the process of innovation for Defense sector (OOTW segment). As expected, the unveiling of the subjacent structure led to the realization of an accurate diagnosis of the studied system, allowing the researcher to launch a critical eye on it, which contributes to the proposition of a safe intervention in the current model. The proposed model sought to encourage also the creation, advancement and dissemination of non-technological innovations, in contrast to the current, which focuses primarily technological approach. Additionally, some measures have been suggested, in order to increase the interactions between the main actors of the system. / Com o fim da Guerra Fria e os acontecimentos que marcaram o 'onze de setembro', novas ameaças surgiram, impactando negativamente a percepção de segurança coletiva, e impondo profundas modificações nas estruturas e no modo de atuação do Poder Militar de diversas nações. A marginalidade social, o narcotráfico, o crime organizado, a degradação do meio ambiente e outras tantas ameaças, fizeram com que algumas nações se vissem motivadas a empregar suas Forças Armadas, prioritariamente, no combate a estas mazelas, ou seja, nas operações de não-guerra. Este fenômeno vem causando uma ebulição nas ciências militares, com reflexo no campo social, político e econômico, provocando um processo conhecido como 'Transformação da Defesa', que só é viável com a ruptura de alguns modelos tradicionais de administração e com a introdução de uma nova cultura organizacional que promova um ambi-ente adequado ao processo de inovações no setor de Defesa. Para fazer gestão deste processo, deve haver um sistema de inovação setorial de Defesa, já que o atual modelo, conforme apon-tou a investigação, é fragmentado e desarticulado, que produz, fundamentalmente, inovações incrementais e, raramente as de ruptura. Trata-se de um sistema virtual, que não existe for-malmente como tal, mas que possui toda a infraestrutura necessária para funcionar como um sistema formal e gerenciável. A pesquisa, de caráter epistemológico estruturalista, teve por objetivo desenvolver um modelo conceitual para gestão do sistema de inovação do setor de Defesa (segmento de não-guerra), com base em uma estrutura subjacente desvelada, que, de forma oculta, dá suporte ao sistema atual. O desvelamento desta estrutura permitiu concluir que, no campo estudado, os agentes do sistema de inovação, agindo de acordo com seus inte-resses, mobilizam, de forma consciente ou inconsciente, os fatores valorativos da inovação presentes na cultura organizacional em que estão imersos, os quais, juntamente com a influên-cia dos fatores de suporte (o Capital), são fundamentais para a formação de alianças e, em consequência, para o processo de inovação no segmento de não-guerra do setor de Defesa. Como era esperado, o desvelamento da estrutura subjacente propiciou a realização de um di-agnóstico preciso do sistema estudado, permitindo ao pesquisador o lançamento de um olhar crítico sobre o mesmo, o que contribui para a proposição de uma intervenção segura no modelo vigente. O modelo proposto buscou incentivar, também, a criação, o avanço e a difusão das inovações não-tecnológicas, contrapondo-se ao atual, que privilegia fundamentalmente a abordagem tecnológica. Adicionalmente, foram sugeridas algumas medidas, no sentido de incrementar as interações entre os principais agentes do sistema.
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Možnosti neoklasické geopolitiky: systémový přístup / Possibilities of Neoclassical Geopolitics: Systemic ApproachKofroň, Jan January 2012 (has links)
The submitted dissertation tries to introduce neoclassical geopolitics as a viable approach to the study of international politics from geographical perspective. The dissertation is a compact of six already published articles and a common introduction highlighting main points of the articles and further discussing some issues which were (i) eliminated due to space constrains, or (ii) their significance is rather contextual, in the sense that they set the articles into broader discussions. The first part of the thesis (supported by two articles) deals with a current stage of political geography and geopolitics. The main result is that geopolitics is today a divided (sub)discipline, as geographers are mainly engaged in critical geopolitics and scholars of the International Relations continue in classical geopolitical reasoning (namely those who subscribe themselves under the label of neorealism). The main difference is that geographers consider space as an inter-subjective entity - socially constructed, whereas IR scholars tend to see space as an objective factor. In the combination with other epistemological differences, this different consideration of space has produced an exorbitant barrier between these two fields. One factor dividing the two approaches looms especially large - it is an arduous...
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