Zugl.: Marburg, Univ., Diss., 2007

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-93).

Thesis (doctoral)--Freie Universität, Berlin, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Background Small and medium businesses (SME) are important elements in the strategies of economic growth and improvement. The SME have played a great role in regional and global economic recovery during many years and thus they are very desirable. Small business leaders have to fulfil a wide range of roles and responsibilities however, the most important role being the leader role. Valdiserri (Valdiserri and Wilson, 2010) stated that poor leadership is one of the main failure reasons for small businesses. Furthermore, different countries may have different leadership styles and culture. Aim The purpose of this thesis is to identify the differences between the leadership styles in small technical companies in Sweden, an industrialized country, and Jordan, a developing country Method We adopted the study case method to study the leadership style in small companies. Through pre-defined questionnaire surveys, the leaders of eight small businesses (four companies in Sweden and four in Jordan) were asked to answer multifactor questions. We then studied the answers based on three situational leadership models. The situational methods used in our study were the Fiedler model, the normative model and the SLII model. The answers were then analysed in order to determine the current as well as the appropriate leadership style based on the models. Results In brief, our study identified several examples of different leadership styles in various situations in small companies and presented the most suitable leadership in those situations. The thesis also shed light on differences in small technical company leadership in Sweden and Jordan. The analysis of the case studies of the studied companies showed that the situational leadership methods could be used in small companies. The study concluded that in order to identify the leadership style, more than one model had to be used. In general, the leadership style in the Swedish companies matched the recommended leadership style. The Jordanian companies’ leadership style however did not match the recommended leadership style. The models in our framework also revealed the reasons behind and also proved to be valuable tools in recommending the suitable leadership style for all companies. The used models in our thesis however lacked the appropriate tools to explain the differences between the Swedish and Jordanian companies. The differences are thought to be due to cultural aspects, however, these models does not take in account the cultural aspect nor the size of the companies, an issue pointed out by Gary (Yukl, 2002). Conclusion The situational leadership style model was shown to be fully applicable in our case study as in previous literature. The conducted study suggested that more than one model had to be used in order to identify the suitable leadership style. Interestingly, the models used were clearly applicable in Middle East companies. This was, to our knowledge, the first time these models were used in Middle East countries when studying leadership style. Furthermore, the studied situational leadership style showed a clear difference in leadership between Sweden and Jordan. The models recommended a participative style in the small technical companies both in Sweden and Jordan. However, the current practiced leadership style in the Jordan companies were not exhibiting the recommended leadership style. Interviewing the leaders in the Jordanian companies gave us a hint that this difference could be due to cultural differences. The cultural differences must thus be born in mind when interpreting the data and trying to understand the reasons behind the results when studying these models. The Jordanian companies used more power leadership (telling leadership) than their Swedish counterparts who exhibited a participating leadership. According to (Hofstede, 1991) leadership in Arab culture show higher power distance than in Nordic companies. Our results thus coincide with previous studies. However more studies need to be made in order to draw conclusions on whether this is a common phenomenon in all Jordanian or Middle East companies and our thesis present an interesting pilot study in this regard.

Uppsatsen behandlar den ekonomiska situationen i "Germinal" av Émile Zola. Det är mycket i romanen som handlar om ekonomi, t.ex. gruvarbetarnas ekonomiska situation och krisen i industrin. Jag har undersökt gruvarbetarnas ekonomiska situation, deras arbetsförhållanden och boendeförhållanden, liksom borgarnas situation. Uppsatsen behandlar också den övergripande ekonomiska situationen och hur denna påverkar industri, gruvarbetare och borgare. Bokens händelser och gruvarbetarnas och borgarnas reaktioner på dessa granskas i uppsatsen, liksom gruvbolagets ekonomi och organisation. Jag har också studerat motsvarande situationer i verkligheten och gjort en jämförelse. Le mémoire traite la situation économique dans «Germinal» par Émile Zola. Une grande partie du roman tourne autour de l’économie, soit l’économie des mineurs, soit la crise industrielle. J’ai examiné la situation économique des mineurs, leurs conditions de travail et leur mode de logement aussi bien que la situation des employeurs, la situation économique en gros et comment celle-ci influence l’industrie, la bourgeoise et les mineurs. La série d’évènements et la réaction des employeurs et des mineurs est prise en considération ainsi que l’organisation et la situation économique de la Compagnie des Mines de Montsou. J’ai étudié les situations correspondantes dans la réalité aussi, par exemple la situation économique des mineurs, les conditions de travail et la situation des mines de charbon. Une comparaison entre roman et réalité a également été faite.

Institutions of higher learning are currently faced with the crisis of finding appropriate criteria for undergraduate admission. This concern has been sparked by the fact that matriculation grades are no longer seen as an accurate reflection of students' academic potential. As tertiary education is becoming more expensive, it is therefore becoming more and more important to select only students who have a realistic chance of being successful in their studies. The main aim of this study is to validate the Situation Specific Evaluation Expert (SPEEX) as a predictor of academic success of first year students of Mechanical Engineering at the Vaal Triangle Technikon. The design used in this study is a non-experimental correlational design. This design was selected because the investigation of this study is aimed at determining the presence or absence of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables without specific reference to causality. The sample of this study consisted of a total of 140 mechanical engineering student at the Vaal Triangle Technikon. This sample was the total number of students from the Mechanical Engineering department who enrolled for mechanical engineering courses for the year 2000. The sample consisted of 94% males and females 6% females. Subject matter experts from industry as well as those involved in the training of Mechanical Engineering at the Vaal Triangle Technikon selected competencies, which were hypothesised to be indicative of a potentially successful student. Based on the selected competencies the assessment battery was compiled with the selected indices being considered as predictor variables. A multiple regression analysis was performed on data in order to establish the predictive validity of the assessment battery. SPEEX 2502 (Language proficiency) consistently showed a positive correlation on the prediction of academic success. / Thesis (MA (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas – nustatyti galimus žmogiškųjų išteklių proceso problemų sprendinius projektavimo įmonėje. Esminė analizuojamos įmonės problema yra žmogiškųjų išteklių atnaujinimas dėl esamų darbuotojų amžiaus, kuris atskirais atvejais viršija 70 metų. Kadangi tokio pobūdžio problema nėra nauja, jos sprendimui pasitelkiamos mokslinės žinios ir teoriškai pagrįsti metodai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje yra analizuojama su darbo problema tiesiogiai susijusi mokslinė literatūra. Ši analizė apima žmogiškųjų išteklių sampratos, atnaujinimo metodų ir priemonių temas bei įvertina personalo motyvacijos, kompetencijos ugdymo ir elektroninio žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo svarbą įmonėse. Antroje darbo dalyje analizuojama Lietuvos projektavimo įmonės žmogiškųjų išteklių situacija. Ši analizė apima personalo struktūros, pareigybių, pakeičiamumo ir kitus svarbius aspektus. Taip pat šioje dalyje analizuojama darbo rinkos, su kuria įmonė tiesiogiai susijusi, situacija. Trečioje darbo dalyje, atsižvelgiant į antrosios dalies analizės išvadas, pateikiami projektuojami žmogiškųjų išteklių atnaujinimo problemų sprendiniai. Šie sprendiniai apima konkrečius ir įgyvendinamus pasiūlymus, kaip pagerinti esamą situaciją ir užtikrinti sprendimų tęstinumą bei rezultatyvumą. / The key goal of this paper is to determine the possible solutions to improve staffing processes in the analysed projection company. The key issue of the company is staff renewal therefore the scientific approach of this problem is analysed in order to adapt it to the current situation. In the first section of this paper there is given the analysis of scientific literature involving staffing topics. This analysis includes the conception of human resources, the essential HR renewal measures and also discusses the significance of promotion of staff, knowledge development peculiarities and electronic HR management concept. In the second section of the paper the situation analysis of Lithuanian projection company is carried out, involving the structure of the entire staff, occupations, convertibility and other significant information. There is also analysed the labour market situation in order to determine staffing possibilities for the company. The third section of the paper includes the projected solutions of staff renewal problems in the company regarding the investigation results gained in the second section. This solution involves the suggestions on how to improve the situation by taking the appropriate measures in order to maintain the efficiency and succession of the decisions.

Daina Grinčukienė. Kalbėjimo ir klausymosi ypatumai 5 – 6 metų amžiuje. Ikimokyklinio ugdymo šakos / magistratūros studijų baigiamasis darbas / mokslinė vadovė doc. dr. Aldona Mazolevskienė, Vilniaus edukologijos universitetas, Vaikystės studijų katedra. – Vilnius, 2012 – 85 psl. Pagrindinė tyrimo problema – kalbėjimo ir klausymosi ypatumai 5 – 6 metų amžiuje. Tiriant kalbėjimo ir klausymosi ypatumus kyla klausimai: kokia yra šių ypatumų struktūra, kuria remiantis būtų galima tiksliai apibrėžti kalbėjimo ir klausymosi būdus. Efektyvus kalbėjimas ir klausymasis yra tuomet, kai pedagogas kuria kalbėjimui ir klausymui palankią aplinką, nori ir stengiasi būti vaikui sektinu pavyzdžiu, siekia su juo lygiavertės sąveikos, lanksčiai reaguoja į spontaniškas kylančias situacijas grupėje, skiria didelį dėmesį vaiko kalbėjimo ir klausymosi poreikiams. Pedagogas sukuria intensyvaus, įvairiapusio poveikio vaikui sistemą ir dažniausiai renkasi tuos kalbėjimo ir klausymosi būdus, kurie kartojasi monotoniškai kasdieninės veiklos metu, todėl jų rūšių nėra daug. Tyrimo problema: kalbėjimo ir klausymosi ypatumai 5 – 6 metų amžiuje. Tyrimo objektas: kalbėjimo ir klausymosi ypatumai 5 – 6 metų amžiuje. Tyrimo tikslas: ištirti kalbėjimo ir klausymosi ypatumus 5 – 6 metų amžiuje. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 6. Išanalizuoti teorinę literatūrą ir išskirti svarbiausius kalbėjimo ir klausymosi ypatumus 5 – 6 metų amžiuje. 7. Išsiaiškinti žodinius ir nežodinius kalbėjimo būdus, kontakto užmezgimo ir palaikymo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The issue of the research - the peculiarities of speaking and listening in the age of 5-6 years. The study of the peculiarities of speaking and listening raises the following questions: what is the structure of these characteristics, based on which would be possible to define clearly the ways of speaking and listening. Effective speaking and listening is when the teacher creates a supportive environment for speaking and listening, wants and tries to be a role model for a child, tries to achieve the equivalence of interaction with a child, responds flexibly to spontaneously emerging situations in the group, attaches great importance to the child's speaking and listening needs. A teacher creates the system of an intense, diverse influence on the child, and usually prefers the ways of speaking and listening that repeat themselves monotonously in activities of daily living, therefore there are not so many of them. The problem of the research: the peculiarities of speaking and listening in the age of 5-6 years. The object of the research: the peculiarities of speaking and listening in the age of 5-6 years. The aim of the research: to explore the features of speaking and listening in the age of 5-6 years. The tasks of the research: 1. To analyze the theoretical literature and identify key features of speaking and listening in the age of 5-6 years. 2. To find out the patterns of verbal and non-verbal speech while making and maintaining the contact, (teacher interacting with the... [to full text]

<p>This study, in contrast to contemporary held views relating to the US policy premises, aimed to look at the inherent disabilities and inconsistencies of the policies of succesive Washington administrations. More so, it investigated the US interventionist strategies to perceived threats from communist regimes and their allies, especially in Southern Africa. To be able to embark on such an investigation, Namibia and the Soviet-Cuban involvement in Southern Africa were selected as a special focus of this study</p>

The aim of this dissertation is to describe the language choice among Saamis in Övre Soppero, and to relate their language choice to social and cultural factors in order to establish whetheror not there exist systematic connections. The population studied (55 informants) consists of trilingual Saamis living in the village of Övre Soppero in the far north of Sweden. The informants all speak Saami, Swedish and Finnish. The study is based on interviews and observations, i.e. partly on information provided by the informants themselves concerning language choice in different discourse situations, and partly on my own observations of their language behaviour in different contexts. Language choice has been related both to domains and discourse situations and to the social backgrounds and attitudes of the informants. A description is given of the linguistic uncertainty in different discourse situations. A discourse situation comprises the following elements: interlocutors, the role relationship between them, and the scene and/or activity. The term "domain" is an abstraction of concrete discourse situations. By linguistic uncertainty, I mean the individual's use of more than one language in one and the same discourse situation. Discourse situations are divided into the following domains: family, circle of friends, casual acquaintances, religion, free time, social participation, consumer activity and public matters. All three languages occur in all domains. In the majority of domains, there is great variation in language choice depending on the discourse situation at hand. The degree of linguistic uncertainty also varies. Discourse situations have also been divided into groups according to the degree of linguistic uncertainty, and according to whether the situation is personal or transactional. Linguistic uncertainty is low, for example, when the interlocutors' roles are unambiguous and clearly established, whereas it is high when, for example, the interlocutors' roles are ambiguous and varied. Language choice has also been related to the age, profession, education and geographic mobility of the informants. The thing that most separates the different categories of informants from each other is the fact that the youngest group and those with unspecified professional category more often speak Swedish than the other groups. The former groups have a comparatively higher level of education and are socially and geographically mobile. The group that most often uses Saami is the professional category "reindeer herders". For this group, the Saami language is primarily a means of communication, whereas the youngest informants use the Saami language as an ethnic marker. The factors that seem to have the greatest influence on language choice are, for example, whether the discourse situation is public or private, and whether the relationship between the interlocutors is intimate or not, and whether it is intra- or inter-ethnic. Of crucial importance are also the sender's age, profession, social and geographical mobility, and the sender's degree of ethnic consciousness. / digitalisering@umu