A disposição das armaduras nos elementos estruturais não influencia somente o comportamento do elemento estrutural, mas também a facilidade e viabilidade da sua execução na obra. O detalhamento do arranjo de armadura está diretamente ligado com a segurança da construção. Os textos que existem sobre técnica de armar se encontram dispersos, dificultando o acesso dos profissionais e estudantes de engenharia de estruturas. Este trabalho analisa os vários arranjos de armaduras propostos para lajes maciças e nervuradas, vigas e pilares procurando indicar o mais adequado de acordo com os critérios de economia, facilidade de execução e comportamento do elemento estrutural, quando possível. Para melhor ilustrar os arranjos de armaduras, é apresentado o dimensionamento de um edifício residencial de pequena altura, onde, podem ser observadas as rotinas de projeto adotadas, bem como os processos para o detalhamento das armaduras. Usaram-se o programa computacional elaborado por TQS Informática Ltda e também processo não computacional. Este programa para análise estrutural de edifícios apresenta boa interface com o usuário, proporcionando-lhe grande interesse e relativa facilidade de utilização. / The disposition of the reinforcement in the structural elements does not affect only the structural element behaviour, but also the facility and the viability of the building execution. The detailing of the reinforcement arrange is directly connected to the building safety. The existing texts about the technícs of reinforcing are spread in the literature of the structural engineering, making the access of the students and professionals to them difficult. The present work analyses the many different proposed arrangements of reinforcement for the slabs, joist floors, beams and columns, trying to indicate the most adequate one, according to the economic criteria, facility of execution, and the structural element behaviour, when possible. The design of a building of a short height is presented, as a way of better visualizing the reinforcement arrangements. In that example the adopted project routines could be observed, as well as the process of detailing the reinforcements. To reach this purpose, a software designed by TQS Informática Ltda was used, as well as a non-computer process. This software for the structural analysis of building presents a good interface with the users, providing them with great interest and relative facility of use.

Ensaios não destrutivos são testes que não causam danos a estrutura ensaiada, o que os torna um excelente auxílio aos métodos de ensaios tradicionais quando estes apresentam alguma dificuldade de serem executados. Desta forma, este trabalho visa utilizar os ensaios de esclerometria e ultrassom, dando ênfase na transmissão indireta, para determinar a resistência à compressão nas primeiras idades do concreto e possibilitar um melhor controle tecnológico do material. Para se obter a relação entre os dados experimentais não destrutivos e a resistência à compressão, foram realizados ensaios em duas etapas. A primeira etapa foi desenvolvida em corpos de prova cilíndricos e prismáticos com três traços diferentes de concreto, onde foi variado o consumo de cimento. Na segunda etapa os ensaios foram realizados em uma laje alveolar produzida em laboratório. Com os dados coletados nos ensaios foi possível determinar a relação de crescimento da resistência, do índice esclerométrico e da velocidade do pulso ultrassônico ao longo do tempo, além das correlações velocidade x resistência, velocidade x índice esclerométrico; e a correlação múltipla entre os três fatores. Com base nisto, concluiu-se que é viável ter um bom controle tecnológico da resistência do concreto a partir dos ensaios não destrutivos. Este trabalho não obteve uma equação universal que correlacionasse os parâmetros para todos os tipos de traço de concreto, porém foram obtidas correlações satisfatórias para os traços ensaiados. Desta forma, é possível afirmar que o ensaio de ultrassom, especificamente posição indireta de 30 centímetros, e a esclerometria são ferramentas possíveis de serem aplicadas como auxílio à obtenção da resistência à compressão nas primeiras idades. / Non-destructive tests are tools that do not cause damage to the evaluated structure, which is an excellent support for traditional test methods. Therefore, this work used non-destructive tests such as rebound method and ultrasound, emphasizing the indirect transmission, to determine compression strength in the early age sand enable a better technological control of the material. Two-step tests were performed to see if there is a relationship between non-destructive test data and the compressive strength. The first one was performed in specimens with three different concrete compositions, where the cement ratio was varied, where as the second was carried out in a laboratory hollow core slab. With the experimental data was possible to determine the relationship of the compression strength, rebound number and ultrasonic pulse velocity over time; as the correlations strength x velocity, velocity x rebound number; and a multiple correlation between the three tests. Based on this, it was concluded that it is possible to have a good technological control of the concrete strength from non-destructive tests. A universal equation that correlates parameters for all types of concrete compositions was not found, but satisfactory correlations were obtained for the tested concretes. In this way, it is possible to affirm that the ultrasound test, specifically indirect position of 30 centimeters, and rebound method are possible tools to be applied as aid to obtain the compression strength in the early ages.

A maioria dos edifícios de concreto pré-moldado, construídos no Brasil e no exterior, é constituída por lajes alveolares. Este trabalho considera o estudo da continuidade dessas lajes. No cálculo desses elementos, a prática comum é considerá-los como simplesmente apoiados. Para melhorar o desempenho, é possível promover a continuidade nos apoios intermediários. Isso pode ser feito colocando armadura na região tracionada da ligação, no interior da capa, ou através de barras concretadas dentro dos alvéolos. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o comportamento de pavimentos formados por lajes alveolares com continuidade, com armadura na capa. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo envolvendo análise teórica e experimental em três modelos. Esses modelos, em escala real, foram submetidos a um carregamento transversal, distribuído de forma linear. Os estudos teóricos consideraram uma simulação numérica com elementos de viga e a fórmula de Branson para descrever o comportamento não linear físico do material. Além disso, foram avaliadas as expressões dos principais códigos nacionais e internacionais, no que diz respeito à ruptura por cisalhamento da seção transversal e da interface laje-capa. Os resultados da análise experimental indicaram que o modelo 1 rompeu por cisalhamento da seção transversal, com o mecanismo de tração diagonal do concreto. O modelo 2 apresentou ruptura por cisalhamento da interface. No modelo 3, a ruptura foi por flexão. O comportamento dos modelos ensaiados foi governado pela fissuração da capa na região de momento negativo. A análise teórica com elementos de barra representou de forma satisfatória o comportamento dos modelos ensaiados. As únicas formulações que apresentaram resultados coerentes com os três ensaios foram: EUROCODE 2:2004, para o cálculo da resistência ao cisalhamento da interface, e FIB MODEL CODE 2010, para o cálculo da resistência ao cisalhamento da seção transversal. Conclui-se que a continuidade melhora o desempenho das lajes alveolares, uma vez que reduz os deslocamentos no meio do vão e aumenta a capacidade de carga. / Most buildings of precast concrete built in Brazil and abroad consist of hollow core slabs. This paper considers the study of the continuity of these slabs. In design of these elements the common practice is to consider them as simply supported. To improve the performance it is possible to promote the continuity in the intermediate supports. This can be done by placing reinforcement in the tensioned region of the connection, inside the topping, or by bars concreted inside the voids. The aim of this work is to investigate the behavior of hollow core floors with continuity, with reinforcement in the topping. For this, a study involving theoretical and experimental analysis was conducted in three models. The full-scale models were subjected to a transverse loading distributed linearly. The theoretical studies have considered a numerical simulation with beam elements and the Branson formula to describe the physical nonlinear behavior of the material. Furthermore, the specifications of the major Brazilian and international codes were evaluated, with respect to failure by shear of the cross section and the slab-topping interface. The results of the experimental analysis indicated that the model 1 failed by shear of the cross section with the mechanism of diagonal tension of the concrete. Model 2 presented shear failure of the interface. In model 3, the failure was by flexure. The behavior of the tested models was ruled by cracking of the topping in region of negative bending moment. Theoretical analysis with beam elements represented satisfactorily the behavior of the tested models. The only formulations that presented consistent results with the three tests were: EUROCODE 2:2004, to calculate the shear strength of the interface, and FIB MODEL CODE 2010, for calculating of the shear strength of the cross section. It is concluded that the continuity improves the performance of the hollow core slabs, as it reduces the displacements at mid-span and increases the bearing capacity.

No description available.

The purpose of this diploma thesis is the processing of the project documentation of an office building. The structure is designed as a detached building with five floors and with one basement. A garage for 10 cars is situated in the basement and there is office space located on the floors. The structural system of the building is reinforced concrete skeleton. Exterior building envelope si made of glazed curtain wall. The roof of the building is flat.

This work deals with the structural solution of selected parts of load bearing structure of apartment house - floor slabs of 1.PP and 2.NP, deep beam and its supporting column. The analysis is made by Finite Element Method, deep beam is solved by Strut-and-Tie model. The elements are designed and assessed according to valid standards.

The diploma thesis deals with design and assessment of pedestrian and bicycle footbridges across the river Moravia in Olomouc. The main material used in the design is S355 steel. At the beginning of the thesis, two variants are compared, from which one is subsequently selected for a more detailed design and assessment. The main supporting element of the selected variant are two parabolic arcs inclined to one another, on which the coupling of the intermediate bridge is suspended by means of the rods. The construction span is 54m.

The thesis deals with the design and assessment of all supporting parts of a cast-in-place reinforced concrete sewage tank in a wastewater treatment plant. The thesis includes a technical report, static analysis, drawing documentations, construction process and visualization. The drawing documentation consists of shape and reinforcement drawings of supporting parts.

The subject of this project is a nursery school in Sokolnice. The building consists of four departments, facilities for personnel and kitchen. The building is designed as a two-storey cellarless building. It has concrete foundations. The external walls are designed from POROTHERM 425 T Profi bricks with internal insulation. The internal vertical construction is designed from POROTHERM bricks for thin-layer masonry. The supporting structure of roof is provided by slab method Spiroll. The entrance doors are made from aluminum sections, plastic windows. The building has single-layer flat roof with waterproofing coating.

Diploma thesis deals with project documentation for construction of the facility. Specifically, it is a hotel on the street Hlinky in Brno. Hotel capacity is 58 beds and 60 seated restaurant. The building will have one floor underground and five floors above ground. The building will have a bearing structure of reinforced concrete monolithic skeleton, accompanied by reinforcing monolithic wall. External walls will be created by filling the porous masonry blocks. Horizontal framework will be created locally supported monolithic reinforced concrete slabs. The roof of the hotel is flat. In 4th and 5th floor are created terraces.