Šiame darbe panaudojant zolis-gelis technologiją, susintetinti vanadžio junginių oksidinio kserogelio ir bronzos bei molekulinio oksidinio kserogelio ir bronzos plonieji sluoksniai. Visų minėtų medžiagų cheminė sudėtis ištirta Rentgeno fotoelektronų spektroskopijos metodu, siekiant nustatyti metalų jonų valentines būsenas. Panaudojant zolis-gelis technologiją, galima gana paprastais metodais, nenaudojant sudėtingos technologinės įrangos, gaminti vanadžio oksidinių bronzų plonuosius sluoksnius. Vanadžio amonio hidratuoti oksidiniai junginiai gali būti naudojami kaip medžiagos amoniako dujų jutikliams gaminti. / The thin films of molecular oxide xerogels and bronzes as well as oxide xerogels and bronzes of vanadium compounds were synthesized by sol-gel technology method. The chemical composition of mentioned compounds was investigated using XPS method in order to determine the valence of metal ions. It is shown that it is possible to produce the thin films of vanadium oxide bronzes using simple methods. The possibility to use vanadium-ammonium oxide hydrated compounds as materials for producing the ammonium sensors is shown in the dissertation.

The development of efficient, high-performance materials for electrical energy storage and conversion applications has become a must to meet an ever-increasing need for electrical energy. Among devices developed for this purpose, capacitors have been used for pulsed power applications that require large power density with millisecond-scale charge and discharge. However, conventional polymeric films, which possess high breakdown strength, are limited due to low permittivity and hence compromise the energy storage capability of capacitors. In order to develop high energy density dielectric materials for pulsed power applications, two hurdles must be overcome: 1) the appropriate selection of materials that possess not only large permittivity but also high breakdown strength, 2) the optimization of material processing to improve morphology of dielectric films to minimize loss during energy extraction process. This thesis will present the development of novel dielectric material, with emphasis on the optimization of material and thin film processing toward improved morphology as ways to achieve high energy density at the material level. After first two chapters of introduction and experimental details, Chapter 3 will demonstrate the improvement of nanocomposite morphology via processing optimization and study its effect on the energy storage characteristics of nanocomposites thereof. Chapter 4 will investigate dielectric sol-gel materials containing dipolar cyano side groups, which are relatively a new class of material for pulsed power applications. Finally, Chapter 5 will discuss the effect of tunneling barrier layer on sol-gel films to mitigate charge carrier injection and associated conduction and breakdown phenomena, which would be significantly detrimental to the energy storage performance of dielectric sol-gel films.

Gradient surfaces exhibit a variation in functionality along the length of the surface. One method for preparing gradients is controlled-rate infusion (CRI). In Part 1 of this work, CRI was used to prepare gradients for the purpose of separating transition and heavy metals. Initial work on this project was focused on controlling the retention of the metal ions by varying the number of amine groups, aminoalkoxysilane concentration, and the infusion time. The retention factors of four metal ions varied predictably with increasing number of amine groups, increasing aminoalkoxysilane concentration, and increasing infusion time, producing small but useful changes in the retention factors. The continuation of this project involved the preparation of two-dimensional multi-component gradients on TLC plates, which were used to separate six transition and heavy metals. The retention, and thus the separation, was affected by the presence or absence of a gradient and the direction of the gradient. Part 2 of this work focused on understanding the factors that motivated instructors in the early and late stages in the process of change. Instructors who attended the POGIL-PCL (Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory) workshops were asked to complete online surveys. The goals of the first survey were to understand the factors that initially interested instructors in POGIL-PCL, to determine if instructors enter the implementation stage, and to understand the factors that affect how instructors implement POGIL-PCL. Later surveys were designed to explore the development of the POGIL-PCL network and assess whether implementation is sustained over time.

This is a report on the fabrication and characterization of anisotropic, porous materials: functionally graded cellular and compositionally anisotropic aerogels. This new class of materials was fabricated by photopolymerization of selected regions of a homogeneous monolith using visible light. Visible light is not significantly absorbed and not significantly scattered by organic molecules and oxide nanoparticles in wet gels and it allows fabrication of deeply penetrating, well-resolved patterns. Simple variations of the exposure geometry allowed fabrication of a wide variety of anisotropic materials without requiring layers or bonding.

The advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology has sparked many research forefronts in the creation of materials with control over size, shape, composition, and surface properties.1,2 However, for most of the applications, nanoscale materials need to be assembled into functional nanostructures that exhibit useful and controllable physical properties. Therefore, numerous efforts on the assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) using organic ligands, polymers and polyelectrolytes have been reported.3,4 However, the interactions between NPs are mediated by intervening ligands, which are detrimental to charge transport and limit the thermal stability. Hence, developing a new method to produce solid state nanostructures with direct NP linkage has become a significant challenge. To avoid the bridging ligands and improve the conductivity of NP based solid state structures, a novel strategy has been developed in which colloidal NPs undergo condensation to wet “jello-like” hydrogel with direct interfacial linkage. Then hydrogels can be dried supercritically to produce aerogels.5 Resultant nanostructures exhibit low densities, large open interconnected pores, and high internal surface areas and are containing entirely of colloidal metal NPs.6 Since noble metal NPs have been widely used in applications such as catalysts, sensors, and novel electrochemical device components, we herein expanded the sol-gel method to noble metal NPs to produce a new class of metal aerogels. In the dissertation, the synthesis of hollow Ag hollow NPs, Au/Ag alloy NPs, and Au/Pt/Ag alloy hollow NPs with tunable sizes and physical properties, and their oxidative-assembly into high-surface-area, mesoporous, self-supported gel framework has been achieved. The gelation kinetics have been controlled by tuning the oxidant/thiolate molar ratio that governs the rate of NP condensation, which in turn determines the morphology, optical transparency, surface area, and porosity of the gel frameworks. These low-density mesoporous nano-architectures displaying optical transparency or opacity, enormously surface area, and interconnected meso-to-macro pore structure are promising candidates for catalytic, electrocatalytic, and SERS-based sensing applications. The SERS activity of Au/Ag alloy aerogels has been studied and significant signal enhancement was achieved. The performance of the Au/Pt/Ag aerogel towards methanol oxidation reaction has been studied via cyclic voltammetry and significant electro-catalytic activity was observed.

Sol-gel porous glasses have been doped with indicator molecules for colorimetric measurements of pH and metal ions in solution. pH measurements were made in real time (20 seconds) to a wide pH range 3-8 by using bromophenol blue doped in sol-gel thin films. New methods of sol-gel coating on the inside of test tubes and tubing have been introduced for simple, non invasive, on the spot chemical sensing. pH indicator doped films were also successfully autoclaved for biological applications without affecting their chemical and physical properties. The pore structure of thin films has been controlled for minimising the effect of ageing on response time by introducing dimethyl formamide (DMF). The effect of light, temperature and salt on thin films have been studied. The results show that they are relatively stable between 20-31' C and less affected « 0.03 absorbance unit decrease in 3 weeks) by light. However their response to pH is changed by adding salt in solution with concentration higher than O.OlM. Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) study of films has been conducted to elucidate the effect of ageing, DMF and autoclaving on their chemical structures. It was found that ageing continues after four weeks of fabrication and addition of DMF helps to reduce ageing and increase porosity. The long term stability of these pH indicator doped films in various solvents has been established. Thin films on microscope slides were deposited by using a newly designed spin coater and have been demonstrated as reusable pH slides. Sol-gel films were also doped by different metal reagents. Eriochrome cyanine doped thin films were found to be sensitive to copper ions in solution. Copper (Cu++) was measured to a low concentration of 0.6 ppm. The effect of light and temperature on Eriochrome copper complex was studied. Interferences of other metal ions were examined. A fibre-optic pH sensor has been demon.strated by coating an optical fibre with a sol-gel film (0.8 J.1m thick) doped with bromophenol blue. The sensor has shown fast response (5 seconds) to pH changes from pH 3 to 8 and no leaching or cracking during repeated use. It is simple to fabricate and easy to use as an interchangeable pH fibre probe. It has potential application in biological processes as an integral part of an online monitoring system.

Les revêtements multicouches sont largement utilisés en optique et en particulier dans le domaine des lasers de puissance sur les composants de chaîne. Le développement d’un revêtement réfléchissant et résistant au flux laser, nécessite la mise au point d’un empilement multicouche constitué d’une succession alternée de matériaux à bas et haut indice de réfraction. Afin de limiter le nombre de paires de couches constituant cet empilement, les indices de réfraction doivent être optimisés. Pour ce faire, une approche originale consiste à synthétiser de nouveaux matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques satisfaisant les critères de résistance au flux laser et d’indice de réfraction optimisé. Ces matériaux sont constitués de nanoparticules d’oxydes métalliques synthétisées par le procédé sol-gel et dispersées dans un polymère organique à haute résistance au flux laser. Néanmoins, l’obtention de ce système composite nécessite de rendre les deux phases compatibles entre elles par le greffage chimique d’alcoxysilanes ou d’acides carboxyliques. Nous avons montré qu’il était ainsi possible de disperser de façon homogène ces nanoparticules fonctionnalisées dans des solvants apolaires, aprotiques contenant des polymères organiques dissous, afin d’obtenir des solutions nanocomposites stables et durables. A partir de ces solutions hybrides organiques-inorganiques, des couches minces de qualité optique et à haute tenue au flux laser ont été obtenues. Ces résultats prometteurs ont conduit à réaliser des empilements réfléchissants, constitués de 7 paires de couches présentant des propriétés optiques en accord avec les modèles théoriques ainsi qu’un seuil d’endommagement laser élevé. / Multilayer coatings are widely used in optic and particular in the field of high power laser on the components of laser chains. The development of a highly reflective coating with a laser damage resistance requires the fine-tuning of a multilayer stack constituted by a succession alternated by materials with low and high refractive index. In order to limit the number of layers in the stack, refractive indexes must be optimized. To do it, an original approach consists in synthesizing new organic-inorganic hybrid materials satisfying the criteria of laser damage resistance and optimized refractive index. These hybrid materials are constituted by nanoparticles of metal oxides synthesized by sol-gel process and dispersed in an organic polymer with high laser damage threshold. Nevertheless, this composite system requires returning both compatible phases between them by chemical grafting of alcoxysilanes or carboxylic acids. We showed that it was so possible to disperse in a homogeneous way these functionalized nanoparticles in non-polar, aprotic solvent containing solubilized organic polymers, to obtain time-stable nanocomposite solutions. From these organic-inorganic hybrid solutions, thin films with optical quality and high laser damage threshold were obtained. These promising results have permitted to realize highly reflective stacks, constituted by 7 pairs with optical properties in agreement with the theoretical models and high laser damage threshold.

Nichtwäßrige Sol-Gel-Vorstufen, die zu einem Mischgefüge aus Al2O3 und YAG führen (Volumenverhältnis 45 : 55), wurden zu Fasern versponnen, in unterschiedlichen Atmosphären pyrolysiert und abschließend gesintert. Die strukturelle Ent-wicklung während der Pyrolyse der Gel-Fasern wurde in Abhängigkeit von Pyrolysetemperatur (200-850 °C) und -atmosphäre beschrieben. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen den mittels der Pyrolyseparameter variierten amorphen Strukturen und dem daraus resultierenden Kristallisations- und Sinterverhalten sowie den mechanischen Fasereigenschaften wurden gezeigt. Die isotropen Gel-Fasern sind frei von Poren und weisen lokal regelmäßig angeordnete, organische Domänen mit mittleren Abständen von 2 nm innerhalb des anorganischen Matrixgerüsts auf. Während der Pyrolyse auftretende Strukturveränderungen hängen stark von der Atmosphäre und der Temperatur ab. In Luft- und Sauerstoffatmosphäre trat ab 600 °C innerhalb der Fasern lokal eine Kristallisation von YAG und Korund in Form kugeliger Bereiche auf, die zum Bruch der Fasern bereits während der Pyrolyse führten. Die Abgabe organischer Bestandteile erfolgte bei Pyrolyse in Stickstoff im wesentlichen zwischen 300 °C und 500 °C, blieb jedoch auch bei höheren Temperaturen unvollständig. In Wasserdampf-Atmosphäre kam es durch Hydrolysereaktionen zwischen 250 °C und 385 °C zu einer verbesserten Abgabe der organischen Bestandteile. Der Kohlenstoffgehalt sinkt bei 385 °C unter 2 Masse-%. Werden dem Wasserdampf saure Gase wie z.B. Stickoxide zugesetzt, wird um 200 °C die Hydrolyse und Abgabe der Organik zusätzlich verstärkt. Nach Pyrolyse in Stickstoff oder wasserhaltigen Atmosphären blieben die Fasern amorph. Bei Pyrolyse in Stickstoff war die Struktur der Fasern porenfrei, wobei die organischen Pyrolysatreste wie in den Gel-Fasern als regelmäßig angeordnete, isolierte Bereiche innerhalb einer anorganischen Matrix vorlagen. In Wasserdampf bildete sich ab 250 °C aus den organischen Domänen eine geordnete Porenstruktur, die sich mit ansteigender Temperatur vergröberte. Auch in der aus verdampfter Salpetersäure erzeugten Atmosphäre bildeten sich Poren. Die Porendurchmesser und spezifischen Oberflächen der Fasern blieben jedoch geringer als in reinem Wasserdampf. In dem anorganischen Matrixgerüst änderten sich durch die Pyrolyse die Koordinationsverhältnisse der Al-Ionen. Ausgehend von der mehrheitlich 6-fachen Koordination in den Gel-Fasern kam es zunehmend zur Umlagerung in die 4- und 5-fache Koordination. Bei Pyrolyse in reinem Wasserdampf war diese Koordinationsveränderung deutlich schwächer ausgeprägt als in Stickstoff oder der Atmosphäre aus verdampfter Salpetersäure. Während der Sinterung treten intermediär gamma-Al2O3 und hexagonales YAlO3 als metastabile Phasen vor der Kristallisation von YAG auf. Mit der Kristallisation von Korund schließt die Phasenbildung der Al2O3-YAG-Fasern je nach vorangegangener Pyrolysebehandlung zwischen 1275 °C und 1315 °C ab. Die Abweichungen in der Kristallisationstemperatur bzw. Keimbildungsdichte von Korund und im Sinterverhalten ließen sich auf die Unterschiede in den amorphen Strukturen der pyrolysierten Fasern zurückführen. Hohe Anteile 6-fach koordinierter Al-Ionen und eine zu hohen spezifischen Oberflächen führende, feine Porosität erwiesen sich als günstige Strukturmerkmale für pyrolysierte Fasern. Die dabei entstandenen feinkörnigen, homogenen Gefüge konnten dicht gesintert werden und hatten die höchsten Festigkeiten und E-Moduln. Kohlenstoffgehalte bis zu 2 Masse-% wirkten sich in den offenporigen Zwischenprodukten nicht negativ auf das Sinterverhalten aus. In dieser Arbeit wurde gezeigt, daß die Kristallisation der Sol-Gel-abgeleiteten Fasern und damit auch die Ausbildung der keramischen Gefüge in entscheidendem Maße von den Pyrolysebedingungen abhängen. Bei einheitlicher Synthese der Gel-Fasern lassen sich durch die Pyrolysebehandlung unterschiedliche Strukturen in den amorphen Zwischenprodukten einstellen, die durch ihre spezifisches Kristallisations- und Sinterverhalten zu unterschiedlichen keramischen Gefügen in den Fasern führen. Die Optimierung der Gefüge vorstufenabgeleiteter Keramiken durch Zusatz von Keimen ("Seeding") ist seit längerem bekannt. In Ergänzung dazu bietet die gezielte Wahl der Pyrolysebedingungen eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Steuerung der Gefügeausbildung in Sol-Gel-Keramiken. / Ceramic fibers of Al2O3-YAG composition (volume ratio 45 : 55) were prepared by spinning non-aqueous sol-gel precursors to fibers which were then pyrolyzed in various atmospheres and finally sintered. Structural development of the gel fibers upon pyrolysis at temperatures between 200 °C and 850 °C was described for different atmospheres. Variation of pyrolysis conditions lead to different amorphous structures. A correlation between the amorphous structures and their crystallization and sintering behavior as well as mechanical fiber properties could be established. The gel fibers have an isotropic, pore-free structure which is characterized by an inorganic matrix that contains organic domains in a locally ordered arrangement with mean distances of 2 nm. Alteration of this structure strongly depends on the type of atmosphere and temperature during pyrolysis. In air and oxygen above 600 °C local, spherulitic crystallization of YAG and corundum occurs within the fibers and leads to fracture of the fibers. In nitrogen, organic constituents are mainly removed between 300 and 500 °C, but residues remain even at higher temperatures. Water vapor hydrolyses organic constituents and enhances their release at 200-385 °C. Thus carbon contents drops below 2 wt.-% at 385 °C. Additional acceleration of hydrolysis at ~200 °C can be achieved by addition of acidic gases like nitric oxide to the moist atmosphere. The structure of fibers pyrolysed in nitrogen or moist atmospheres remains amorphous. After pyrolysis in nitrogen the fibers are pore-free and the organic residues still appear as locally ordered domains within an inorganic matrix. In water vapor from 250 °C on, the release of organics leads to the formation of ordered micropores that coarsen with further increasing temperature. In the atmosphere of evaporated nitric acid, pores form too, but pore sizes and specific surface areas of the fibers are lower than in pure water vapor. The coordination of Al-ions in the inorganic network is altered by pyrolysis. Gel fibers mainly contain 6-fold coordinated Al-ions. With increasing temperature a rearrangement of part of the octahedrally coordinated Al-ions to 4- and 5-fold coordination was observed. While this rearrangement was only weakly pronounced for fibers pyrolysed in water vapor, in nitrogen or the atmosphere that was derived from evaporated nitric acid a significantly higher proportion of 6-fold coordinated Al-ions rearranged to lower coordination numbers. During the sintering process gamma-Al2O3 and hexagonal YAlO3 are formed as intermediate metastable phases prior to the crystallization of YAG. Formation of crystalline phases in the Al2O3-YAG fibers completes with the crystallization of corundum at 1275 to 1315 °C depending on pyrolysis conditions. Differences in crystallization temperature and nucleation density of corundum were put down the structural features of pyrolysed, amorphous fibers. A high proportion of 6-fold coordinated Al-ions and a high specific surface caused by fine pores revealed as favorable characteristics of low corundum crystallization temperature and high nucleation density. Such fibers could be fully densified resulting in the highest strength and Young's moduli in the ceramic fibers. Carbon contents up to 2 wt.-% were not deleterious to the densification of pyrolysed fibers with an open porous structure. The results presented in this study show that crystallization and microstructural evolution of sol-gel derived ceramic fibers critically depend on pyrolysis conditions. Different amorphous structures that lead to altered ceramic microstructures can be obtained from uniformly synthesized gel fibers by variation of pyrolysis conditions. Seeding is a well known process for the microstructural optimization of precursor derived ceramics. As a supplement the choice of suitable pyrolysis conditions is a further tool for the microstructure control in sol-gel ceramics.

Orientador: Fábio Simões de Vicente / Banca: Alexandre Mesquita / Banca: Carlos Miranda Awano / Resumo: Filmes fotocrômicos dopados com heteropoliânions de molibdênio apresentam interessantes propriedades ópticas e fotocatalíticas com aplicações em inúmeras áreas desde materiais para optoeletrônica até células de combustível e energia. Neste trabalho materiais híbridos de sílica/orgânico dopados com o ácido fosfomolíbdico, H3PMo12O40, (HPMo) foram preparados na forma de filmes finos para estudo das propriedades ópticas e fotossensibilidade por exposição dos filmes finos a radiação ultravioleta. A matriz de sílica/orgânico no estado coloidal foi sintetizada através do processo sol-gel a partir da hidrolise ácida dos alcóxidos de silício 3-glicidoxipropiltrimetoxisilano (GPTS) e tetraetilortosilicato (TEOS). A matriz de sílica/Orgânico foi dopada com HPMo dissolvido em acetonitrila (ACN) e tetrahidrofurano (THF) e um segundo conjunto de amostras dopada com HPMo:THF e HPMo:ACN com a adição de Cloreto de Cobre (CuCl). Filmes finos fotossensíveis foram preparados por deposição das matrizes coloidais de sílica/orgânico dopadas com HPMo:ACN e HPMo:THF (HA e HT) e dopadas com HPMo:ACN:CuCl e HPMo:THF:CuCl (HAC e HTC). Pela técnica de absorção óptica e/ou transmitância na região do UV/VIS foi possível estudar os processos fotossensíveis nestas amostras, como o surgimento de bandas de absorção na região UV-VIS após exposição das amostras a luz UV (fotoescurecimento por redução do Mo+6→ Mo+5) e a velocidade do processo (constantes de tempo) e sua reversibilidade (clareamento, Mo+5→ Mo+6).... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Photochromic films doped with molybdenum heteropolyanion present interesting optical and photocatalytic properties with applications in several areas such as optoelectronics, fuel cells and energy. In this work thin films of Silica/organic hybrid materials doped with phosphomolybdic acid H 3 PMo 12 O 40, (HPMo) were prepared for the study of the photosensitivity with exposition to UV light. Colloidal Silica/organic hybrid matrix was synthesized by sol-gel process via acid hydrolysis of 3- glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) silicon alkoxides. The colloidal Silica/organic matrix was doped with HPMo dissolved into acetonitrile (ACN) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and also HPMo in ACN and HPMo in THF with addition of copper chloride (CuCl). Photosensitive thin films were deposited by dip- coating from Silica/organic colloidal matrix doped with HPMo:ACN and HPMo:THF (HA e HT) and also HPMo:ACN:CuCl e HPMo:THF:CuCl (HAC e HTC). The photosensitivity of the samples was studied by UV-VIS optical absorption spectroscopy allowing indentifying the rising of absorption bands aroud 780 nm after UV irradiation of the films (photodarkening related to Mo +6 → Mo +5 ) and also the reversibility of the process without UV (bleaching due to Mo +5 → Mo +6 ). Samples HA, HT, e HAC, HTC showed strong reversible photodarkening and the samples doped with copper (HAC, HTC) showed a faster bleaching process compared with samples without copper. Optical transmittance at... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Celso Valentim Santilli / Banca: Cecílio Sadao Fugivara / Banca: Léo Ricardo Bedore dos Santos / Resumo: Nesse trabalho desenvolveu-se um método de síntese baseado na rota sol-gel para preparar materiais híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos formados por poliuretano e siloxano. Na síntese do poliuretano foi utilizado o 4,4'-metileno bis(isocianato de fenila) (4,4'-MDI), um diisocianato que contem dois anéis aromáticos em sua estrutura e o glicerol, um poliol derivado da produção do biodiesel que contém três grupos hidroxilas em sua estrutura. Utilizou-se também o (3-Aminopropil) trietoxisilano (APTES), um organo silano que interliga o poliuretano e tetraetoxisilano (TEOS) promovendo a ligação covalente entre as fases orgânica e inorgânica do material. Avaliou-se o efeito da razão entre as fases orgânica e inorgânica a partir da variação da proporção de APTES + TEOS em relação aos demais reagentes. Para caracterizar a eficiência da rota de síntese na obtenção do material hibrido com cadeias reticuladas de poliuretano, utilizou-se a espectroscopia vibracional no infra-vermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN), difração de raios X (DRX) e o espalhamento de raios X a baixo ângulo (SAXS). Para avaliar as propriedades térmicas, macroestruturais e de barreira dos materiais realizou-se análises de termogravimetria (TG), microscopia óptica, molhabilidade, microscopia de forças atômicas (AFM) e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS). Com base nas técnicas de FTIR, RMN, DRX, SAXS, foi confirmada a formação das cadeias polimérica reticuladas de PU e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this work a synthesis method based on the sol-gel route was developed to prepare hybrid organic-inorganic materials formed by polyurethane and siloxane. In the synthesis of the polyurethane, 4,4'-methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) (4,4'-MDI) was used, a diisocyanate containing two aromatic rings in its structure and glycerol, a polyol derived from the production of biodiesel that Contains three hydroxyl groups in its structure. Was also used (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), an organosilane interleaving the polyurethane and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) promoting covalent attachment between the organic and inorganic phases of the material. The effect of the ratio between the organic and inorganic phases was evaluated from the variation of the APTES + TEOS ratio in relation to the other reagents. To characterize the efficiency of the synthesis route in obtaining hybrid material with polyurethane crosslinked chains, was used, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and low angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The thermogravimetry (TG), optical microscopy, wettability, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyzes were performed to evaluate the thermal, macrostructural and barrier properties of the materials. Based on the techniques of FTIR, NMR, XRD, SAXS, the formation of the crosslinked polymer chain of PU and silicon conjugation was confirmed. From TG the good thermal s... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre