Modeling outdoor acoustic environments is a challenging problem because outdoor acoustic environments are the combination of diverse sources and propagation effects, including barriers to propagation such as buildings or vegetation. Outdoor acoustic environments are most commonly modeled on small geographic scales (e.g., within a single city). Extending modeling efforts to continental scales is particularly challenging due to an increase in the variety of geographic environments. Furthermore, acoustic data on which to train and validate models are expensive to collect and therefore relatively limited. It is unclear how models trained on this limited acoustic data will perform across continental-scales, which likely contain unique geographic regions which are not represented in the training data. In this dissertation, we consider the problem of continental-scale outdoor environmental sound level modeling using the contiguous United States for our area of study. We use supervised machine learning methods to produce models of various acoustic metrics and unsupervised learning methods to study the natural structures in geospatial data. We present a validation study of two continental-scale models which demonstrates that there is a need for better uncertainty quantification and tools to guide data collection. Using ensemble models, we investigate methods for quantifying uncertainty in continental-scale models. We also study methods of improving model accuracy, including dimensionality reduction, and explore the feasibility of predicting hourly spectral levels.

The aim of this work is the design and implementation of a sound level meter for emdedded systems. It is designed sound level meter sensor. This sensor includes a microphone, microphone preamplifier and ADC. This sensor is connected to a development kit STM32F4 Discovery, where sound is processed. It is processed filtration, time weighting, calculation of sound leve and loudness weighting. The sound level is then sent via the serial communication USART. This thesis includes a theoretical analysis of noise and its human perceptions. It also describes the development platform used.

The aim of the work is to determine noise pollution of the urban area caused by a dairy farm in Tajanov. Three receiver locations that were chosen are located on the urban area border at which are crucial for the spreading of noise into this observed area. Nine time intervals were recorded in each receiver location. The length of each time interval was one hour. Equivalent continuous sound pressure levels were quantified for each day and night reference time interval. The levels were compared with the local noise law limits and the share of the dairy farm on the total amount of noise that has been identified.

В современном мире строительная отрасль активно развивается, и человечество заботит не только вопросы прочности, устойчивости и сохранения тепла, а также вопросы комфорта человека внутри здания. Одним из показателей комфорта является уровень шума. В то же время проектные организации стремятся автоматизировать и ускорить процесс проектирования с сохранением качества выдаваемой документации. Поэтому информационные технологии набирают популярность, являясь одним из ключевых инструментов автоматизации в строительной сфере. В данной работе проанализированы программы автоматизации расчета шума, существующие на рынке сегодня, а также составлено техническое задание для нового расчетного модуля, произведено тестирование итогового программного комплекса. На практике было установлено, что программный комплекс «FORMIT» имеет высокую точность относительно ручного вида расчета. В то же время значительно сокращает время выполнения работы проектировщика. / In the modern world, the construction industry is actively developing, and humanity is concerned not only with the issues of strength, stability and heat preservation, but also with the comfort of a person inside the building. One measure of comfort is the noise level. At the same time, design organizations strive to automate and speed up the design process while maintaining the quality of the documentation issued. Therefore, information technology is gaining popularity, being one of the key automation tools in the construction industry. In this paper, the noise calculation automation programs that exist on the market today are analyzed, and the terms of reference for a new calculation module are drawn up, and the final software package is tested. In practice, it was found that «FORMIT» software package has high accuracy relative to the manual type of calculation. At the same time, it significantly reduces the time of the designer's work.

В современном мире строительная отрасль активно развивается, и человечество заботит не только вопросы прочности, устойчивости и сохранения тепла, а также вопросы комфорта человека внутри здания. Одним из показателей комфорта является уровень шума. В то же время проектные организации стремятся автоматизировать и ускорить процесс проектирования с сохранением качества выдаваемой документации. Поэтому информационные технологии набирают популярность, являясь одним из ключевых инструментов автоматизации в строительной сфере. В данной работе проанализированы программы автоматизации расчета шума, существующие на рынке сегодня, а также составлено техническое задание для нового расчетного модуля, произведено тестирование итогового программного комплекса. На практике было установлено, что программный комплекс «FORMIT» имеет высокую точность относительно ручного вида расчета. В то же время значительно сокращает время выполнения работы проектировщика. / In the modern world, the construction industry is actively developing, and humanity is concerned not only with the issues of strength, stability and heat preservation, but also with the comfort of a person inside the building. One measure of comfort is the noise level. At the same time, design organizations strive to automate and speed up the design process while maintaining the quality of the documentation issued. Therefore, information technology is gaining popularity, being one of the key automation tools in the construction industry. In this paper, the noise calculation automation programs that exist on the market today are analyzed, and the terms of reference for a new calculation module are drawn up, and the final software package is tested. In practice, it was found that «FORMIT» software package has high accuracy relative to the manual type of calculation. At the same time, it significantly reduces the time of the designer's work.

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal el estudio de los niveles de ruido dentro de los hospitales, específicamente en las áreas de recuperación del Hospital del Niño, así como una propuesta para la reducción de los niveles de ruido. La medición de los niveles de ruido se efectuó en los corredores aledaños a los ambientes de recuperación, estas mediciones se realizaron con un sonómetro calibrado adecuadamente. De esta forma fue posible la determinación de los niveles de ruido máximo y su distribución en el horario diurno. La determinación de los niveles de ruido dentro de los ambientes de recuperación no fue posible, pues estos se encontraban en uso, durante el desarrollo del trabajo de investigación; sin embargo, se determinó la distribución espacial de los niveles de ruido mediante el modelamiento de la presión sonora, usando el software SoundPLAN. Finalmente, se propuso la colocación de paneles de corcho de e=20 mm, como una técnica que permita la reducción de los niveles de ruido dentro los ambientes de recuperación. Los resultados de las mediciones mostraron que los niveles de ruido pueden alcanzar los 79.4 dBA, en los corredores aledaños a las áreas de recuperación, mientras que los niveles de ruido alcanzaron los 55 dBA, dentro de los mismos, además, el uso de paneles de corcho permitió la reducción del ruido hasta en un 21%. / El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal el estudio de los niveles de ruido dentro de los hospitales, específicamente en las áreas de recuperación del Hospital del Niño, así como una propuesta para la reducción de los niveles de ruido. La medición de los niveles de ruido se efectuó en los corredores aledaños a los ambientes de recuperación, estas mediciones se realizaron con un sonómetro calibrado adecuadamente. De esta forma fue posible la determinación de los niveles de ruido máximo y su distribución en el horario diurno. La determinación de los niveles de ruido dentro de los ambientes de recuperación no fue posible, pues estos se encontraban en uso, durante el desarrollo del trabajo de investigación; sin embargo, se determinó la distribución espacial de los niveles de ruido mediante el modelamiento de la presión sonora, usando el software SoundPLAN. Finalmente, se propuso la colocación de paneles de corcho de e=20 mm, como una técnica que permita la reducción de los niveles de ruido dentro los ambientes de recuperación. Los resultados de las mediciones mostraron que los niveles de ruido pueden alcanzar los 79.4 dBA, en los corredores aledaños a las áreas de recuperación, mientras que los niveles de ruido alcanzaron los 55 dBA, dentro de los mismos, además, el uso de paneles de corcho permitió la reducción del ruido hasta en un 21%. / Tesis

Loud stage sound is a known challenge for live sound engineers, and the goal of this study was to investigate stage sound's role in live rock music performed in small venues. Stage sound is known to be prominent in small rooms as the total sound energy produced tends to contain a large proportion of stage sound. It commonly addressed that if the PA is overpowered by direct sound from instruments on stage, the mixing engineer may lose control over musical balance and overall sound level. To understand how engineers handle this, 6 professional engineers were interviewed by using semi-structured interviews. Additionally, 14 shorter interviews were conducted with musicians to gain further insight in what attributes of stage sound are desirable for performers and how they are affected by engineers' decisions. Results were interpreted through thematic analysis. 8 main themes were identified, some of which contained several subthemes. These themes were 1) Managing instruments' stage sound, 2) Monitor systems, 3) PA systems - what sources need reinforcement?, 4) Strategies for even coverage, 5) Sound level management, 6) Limitations of small venues 7) What is "good sound"? and 8) Communication regarding stage sound levels.

No description available.

Chaque jour, 15% des Européens sont exposés à des niveaux moyens de bruit ou de polluants atmosphériquesdépassant les valeurs seuils fixées par la législation européenne. L’intensité de la pollution de chaque polluant et sarépartition à l’échelle d’une agglomération dépendent des capacités d’émission des sources, des phénomènes dedispersion, et de l’environnement urbain. Il en résulte une variabilité spatiale du niveau de multi-exposition qui resteencore largement méconnue. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’identifier et de caractériser les situations de multiexpositionsur la ville de Besançon. Les niveaux sonores et les concentrations de plusieurs polluants atmosphériques denatures différentes (NO2, benzène, PM10 et PM2.5) ont été finement modélisés (2m x 2m). La compatibilité des modèlesa été maximisée par l’introduction d’inputs identiques dans les méthodologies de calcul Mithra-SIG pour le bruit, etCOPERT4/ADMS-urban pour les polluants. Dans un premier temps, l’impact de la définition du voisinage sur lesniveaux d’exposition a été exploré pour les deux pollutions. Douze indicateurs, présentant chacun une définitiondifférente de la zone d’exposition au voisinage du domicile, ont permis de quantifier les niveaux d'exposition autour des10865 bâtiments d’habitations bisontins. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence un impact significatif de ladéfinition de la zone d’exposition sur les niveaux. Les différentes définitions du voisinage conduisent à l'existence d'unbiais différentiel, dû à la prise en compte particulière des variables environnementales dans chacun des indicateurs. Cebiais se retrouve pour l'ensemble des polluants étudiés, bien que dans des proportions variables en fonction du polluant.Dans un second temps, l’étude des situations de multi-exposition bruit/NO2 a pu être réalisée. Les résultats obtenusindiquent l'existence d'une relation complexe et permettent de décrire les différentes situations de multi-expositionprésentes dans la ville. Ce travail de thèse constitue une des premières approches de ce type en France et permet demieux comprendre les relations existantes entre définition du voisinage, zones d'exposition, paramètresenvironnementaux et niveaux d'exposition. / Every day, 15% of the European population is exposed to average noise or air pollution levels exceeding theEuropean legal threshold. Levels and distribution of each pollutant across the city depend of individual sourcesemissions, dispersion phenomenon, and urban environment. Consequently, spatial variability of multi-exposure levelremains mostly unknown. The aim of this Ph. D. thesis is to identify and describe multi-exposure situations in the cityof Besançon. Environmental noise levels, and concentrations of several air pollutants (NO2, benzene, PM10 and PM2.5),have been modeled using a fine scale grid (2m x 2m). Model compatibility has been maximized by the use of commoninput into the calculation software Mithra-SIG (for noise) and COPERT4/ADMS-urban (for air pollutants). In a firsttime, impact of the neighborhood definition on exposure levels has been explored for both pollutions. Twelveindicators, each representing a different definition of the exposure area in the dwelling vicinity, have been used toquantify exposure levels around the 10 865 inhabitable building of Besançon. Obtained results show a significantimpact of the neighborhood definition on the exposure levels. Different neighborhood definitions lead to a differentialbias caused by a different accounting for environmental variables. This bias exists for all studied pollutant, but indifferent proportion depending on the pollutant. In a second time, situations of multi-exposure to noise and NO2 havebeen identified in the city. Results indicate a complex relation between pollutants and allow the description of severalmulti-exposure situations across the city. This work constitute one of the firsts approaches of this kind in France andallow a better understanding of the existing relations between neighborhood, exposure area, environmental parametersand exposure levels.

[pt] Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo investigar os níveis de pressão sonora resultantes do funcionamento de subestações de energia, instaladas em áreas de considerável densidade urbana. A metodologia de desenvolvimento do trabalho fundamenta-se em dois preceitos: (i) em um programa estruturado de medições da pressão sonora e (ii) na conformidade dos valores medidos com os limites impostos pela rígida legislação ambiental aplicável. A motivação pelo tema da pesquisa resultou de uma demanda de uma concessionária de energia da cidade do Rio de Janeiro que, para se defender de uma ação civil pública impetrada pelos moradores da vizinhança de uma subestação, contratou o PósMQI para desenvolver um projeto de P&D capaz de avaliar alternativas de mitigação do ruído acústico na vizinhança de subestações de energia em funcionamento em zonas urbanas de alta densidade populacional. No que concerne aos resultados da pesquisa, a dissertação descreve e analisa os resultados de um programa estruturado de medições da pressão sonora na vizinhança de dez subestações inseridas em zonas urbanas. Como conclusão, foi possível mostrar que, de uma maneira geral, todas as subestações estudadas geram um nível de ruído muito próximo aos limites máximos impostos pela legislação ambiental aplicável. Desenvolvida em sintonia com um projeto de P&D (Light/Aneel Ref. 0128/2019), que propõe alternativas tecnológicas para mitigar o nível da pressão sonora em subestações de energia, a pesquisa de mestrado desenvolveu extensa revisão da literatura especializada sobre o tema e uma análise crítica do acervo normativo, diretivas e leis aplicáveis ao controle de ruído acústico em zonas urbanas. / [en] This master s research aims to investigate the sound pressure levels resulting from the operation of power substations, installed in areas of considerable urban density. The methodology for developing the work is based on two precepts: (i) a structured program of sound pressure measurements and (ii) the compliance of the measured values with the limits imposed by the strict applicable environmental legislation. The motivation for the research theme resulted from a demand from an electricity utility in the city of Rio de Janeiro that, to defend itself from a public civil action filed by residents of a nearby substation, hired PósMQI to develop a capable R&D project to evaluate alternatives for mitigating acoustic noise in the vicinity of power substations operating in urban areas with high population density. Regarding the research results, the dissertation describes and analyzes the outcomes of a structured program of sound pressure measurements in the vicinity of ten substations located in urban areas. In conclusion, it was possible to show that, in general, all studied substations generate a noise level very close to the maximum limits imposed by the applicable environmental legislation. Developed in line with an R&D project (Light/Aneel Ref. 0128/2019), which proposes technological alternatives to mitigate the level of sound pressure in power substations, the master s research developed an extensive review of the specialized literature on the subject and a critical analysis of the normative asset of, directives and laws applicable to the control of acoustic noise in urban areas.