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Thesis (M.A.)--Southwest Texas State University, 1944. / Various newspaper articles, photographs, and other memorabilia related to Riverside mounted throughout.

Au Proche-Orient, le Néolithique acéramique (12200-8400 cal BP) correspond à une période de changements sociétaux qui se caractérisent principalement par le mode de vie sédentaire et la mise en place de nouvelles stratégies de subsistance. Bien que les pratiques agricoles et l’élevage aient probablement été initiées en parallèle, les indices de l’agriculture sont les premiers à se manifester, notamment à travers le développement d’un cortège de plantes adventices et la perte progressive de la déhiscence chez l’orge et les blés vêtus. L’objectif de ce travail est de mieux cerner cette période fondamentale de changements, à travers l’étude archéobotanique de deux sites emblématiques. Dja’de el-mughara (10700-10200 cal BP) et Tell Aswad (9800-8400 cal BP), respectivement localisés au nord et au sud de la Syrie, sur le Moyen Euphrate et en Damascène. Les deux sites ont déjà fait l’objet d’analyses mais la présente étude porte sur un nombre beaucoup plus important d’échantillons, issus de fouilles récentes, ayant bénéficié de nouvelles recherches et datations. Elle permet ainsi de revoir certaines interprétations, de comparer le processus d’émergence de l’agriculture dans les deux régions et de restituer les pratiques associées à l’échelle locale, grâce à la nature et la composition des assemblages ainsi que leur distribution sur les sites. / In southwest Asia, the Aceramic Neolithic (12200-8400 cal BP) coincides with a period of social changes characterized by a new sedentary way of life and new subsistence strategies. Plant cultivation and animal husbandry developed together during this period to form a mixed agricultural economy. Evidence for plant husbandry was the irst to manifest itself as seen by the development of arable weeds and the loss of the dispersal mechanism in wheat and barley. This research seeks to better understand this crucial period in human history by examining the charred plant remains recovered from two key sites for this period. Dja’de el-mughara (10700-10200 cal BP) situated in the Euphrates valley in northern Syria and Tell Aswad (9800-8400 cal BP) situated in the Damascus basin in southern Syria. Both sites had already been the subject of archaeobotanical studies. The present study includes a much larger and more representative number of samples thanks to additional excavation and more complete archaeological data not least the dating. These new results presented here allows us to reassess earlier interpretations, better compare the development of agricultural practices in the northern and southern Levant and better understand crop processing and crop management on a local level through spatial analyses and an assessment of potential arable weeds.

abstract: This dissertation examines the development of grassroots environmental organizations between 1970 and 2000 and the role they played in the larger American environmental movement and civil society during that period. Much has been written about growth in environmental values in the United States during the twentieth century and about the role of national environmental organizations in helping to pass landmark federal-level environmental laws during the 1960s and 1970s. This study illuminates a different story of how citizen activists worked to protect and improve the air, water, healthfulness and quality of life of where they lived. At the local level, activists looked much different than they did in Washington, D.C.--they tended to be volunteers without any formal training in environmental science or policy. They were also more likely to be women than at the national level. They tended to frame environmental issues and solutions in familiar ways that made sense to them. Rather than focusing on the science or economics of an environmental issue, they framed it in terms of fairness and justice and giving citizens a say in the decisions that affected their health and quality of life. And, as the regulatory, political, and social landscape changed around them, they adapted their strategies in their efforts to continue to affect environmental decision making. Over time, they often connected their local interests and issues with more sophisticated, globalized understandings of the economic and political systems that under laid environmental issues. This study examines three case studies in the rural Great Plains, urban Southwest, and small-town Appalachia between 1970 and 2000 in an attempt to understand community-based environmental activism in the late twentieth century, how it related to the national environmental movement, the strategies local-level groups employed and when and why, the role of liberal democratic arguments in their work and in group identity formation, the limits of those arguments, and how the groups, their strategies, and the activists themselves changed overtime. These three groups were the Northern Plains Resource Council in Montana, Southwest Environmental Service in Southern Arizona, and Save Our Cumberland Mountains in Eastern Tennessee. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. History 2012

The thesis describes a detailed analysis of the Regional Operational Programme NUTS II Southwest. Theoretical part of the thesis introduces to readers with issues of Regional and Structural policy of the European Union and the Czech Republic. The practical part describes the characteristic of the cohesion region NUTS II Southwest and evaluation of the SWOT analysis of the teritorry, that assesses conformity of individual priority axes of the programme and the needs of the region. The thesis also monitors the first three rounds of calls approved the Regional Operational Programme NUTS II Southwest, their focus, the structure of the interest of applicants for support and gradual achievement of the indicators. The analysis results are at the end of the thesis set out proposals to future direction of calls and the types of activities supported in 2015.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-08-28T10:58:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marluce Silva Sousa - 2017.pdf: 12451268 bytes, checksum: 23ae38f1aa07aa75ecfa4edbc0e615c1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-08-28T10:59:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marluce Silva Sousa - 2017.pdf: 12451268 bytes, checksum: 23ae38f1aa07aa75ecfa4edbc0e615c1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T10:59:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marluce Silva Sousa - 2017.pdf: 12451268 bytes, checksum: 23ae38f1aa07aa75ecfa4edbc0e615c1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Eucalyptus cultivation is an expanding activity in the world and in Brazil, permeated by controversial debates, which reached Southwest of Goiás in the 1980s, but expanded from the 2000s, constituting true "forest" landscapes in the Cerrado. This work aimed to understand the spatial dynamics of eucalyptus culture in the Southwest of Goiás, assuming that the activity is complementary in the productive space circuit of grains and meats, consolidated in the region, and that its regional expansion occurred in marginal areas. The appreciation of eucalyptus cultivation in various parts of the world and Brazil allowed us to identify the main variables of its spatial dynamics, namely, the actors, the technical system, the purposes of production and the inherited space. The spatial analysis of the activity in the Southwest of Goiás was based on the interpretation of the actions of the actors, protagonists and supportings, that produce for a certain purpose of production, conducting diverse technical systems, on the different portions of the regional inherited space. Several combinations of these elements of analysis resulted in the spatialization of spatial arrangements that, dialectically, promoted the reconfiguration of the inherited space. The results of this analysis indicate that the grain and meat agroindustries located in Rio Verde started and expanded eucalyptus cultivation for their energy supply, around their units, usually in marginal areas, promoting socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Availability of credit for the implantation of "forests", expectation of increased demand and high price of firewood encouraged small, medium and large producers to plant eucalyptus in other municipalities, starting in 2005, such as Jataí, Serranópolis, Mineiros and Santa Rita do Araguaia, where the eucalyptus trees replaced extensive pastures, therefore, areas underutilized or marginalized by the dominant productive process. The physical characteristics of these areas, especially the sandy soils, give them ecological dynamics vulnerable to intensive agricultural production. When conducted under recommended management, the eucalyptus allowed the productive diversification of agricultural establishments and are indicated for use and recovery of areas with low agricultural potential. However, when submitted to inadequate management, eucalyptus presents exposed soil, reduced fertility and soil organic matter in marginal areas. The spatialization of eucalyptus cultivation also promoted financial valorization, subordinate and complementary insertion in the regional production and cooptation by the productive andfinancial capital of the marginal areas, reconfiguring these portions of the inherited space. However, the increase in planted area, including the largest consumer agroindustries, resulted in an increase in the production of firewood, the main product of the eucalyptus plantations in the Southwest of Goiás, above regional demand, starting in 2014. In this context, a crisis began, when supply increased, prices fell, nurseries closed and producers found no market for their products. In some areas, the combination of indebted producers, lacking in technical knowledge, very sandy soils derived from friable sandstones, high slopes, genetic materials inadequate to ecological conditions, inadequate logistics and reduced demand for firewood generated high ecological and economic vulnerability. Eucalyptus became a symbol of hope in disappointment for most of the producers in the Southwest of Goiás. / A eucaliptocultura é uma atividade em expansão no mundo e no Brasil, permeada por debates controversos, que atingiu o Sudoeste de Goiás na década de 1980, mas expandiu-se a partir dos anos 2000, constituindo verdadeiras paisagens de “florestas” no Cerrado. Esse trabalho objetivou compreender a dinâmica espacial da eucaliptocultura no Sudoeste de Goiás, pressupondo que a atividade é complementar nos circuitos espaciais produtivos de grãos e carnes, consolidados na região, e que sua expansão regional ocorreu em áreas marginais. A apreciação da eucaliptocultura em diversas partes do mundo e do Brasil permitiu identificar as principais variáveis de sua dinâmica espacial, quais sejam os atores, o sistema técnico, as finalidades da produção e o espaço herdado. A análise espacial da atividade no Sudoeste deGoiás se pautou na interpretação das ações dos atores, protagonistas e coadjuvantes, que produzem para determinada finalidade de produção, conduzindo diversos sistemas técnicos, sobre as diferentes porções do espaço herdado regional. Diversas combinações desses elementos de análise resultaram na espacialização de arranjos espaciais que, dialeticamente, promoveram a reconfiguração do espaço herdado. Os resultados dessa análise indicam que as agroindústrias de grãos e carnes, localizadas em Rio Verde, iniciaram e expandiram o cultivo de eucalipto para o seu suprimento energético, no entorno de suas unidades, geralmente em áreas marginais, promovendo impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais. Disponibilidade de crédito para a implantação de “florestas”, expectativa de aumento da demanda e alto preço da lenha incentivaram pequenos, médios e grandes produtores a plantarem eucalipto em outros municípios, a partir de 2005, como Jataí, Serranópolis, Mineiros e Santa Rita do Araguaia, onde os eucaliptais substituíram pastagens extensivas, portanto, áreas subutilizadas ou marginalizadas pelo processo produtivo dominante. As características do meio físico dessas áreas, principalmente os solos arenosos, lhes conferem dinâmica ecológica vulnerável à produção agrícola intensiva. Quando conduzidos sob manejo recomendado, os eucaliptais permitiram a diversificação produtiva dos estabelecimentos agropecuários e são indicados para uso e recuperação de áreas de baixo potencial agrícola. Mas quando submetidos a manejo inadequado, os eucaliptais apresentam solo exposto, redução da fertilidade e da matéria orgânica do solo nas áreas marginais. A espacialização da eucaliptocultura promoveu, ainda, valorização financeira, inserção subordinada e complementar na produção regional e cooptação pelo capital produtivo e financeiro das áreas marginais, reconfigurando essas porções do espaço herdado. Contudo, o aumento da área plantada, inclusive pelas maiores agroindústrias consumidoras, resultou no aumento da produção de lenha, o principal produto da eucaliptocultura no Sudoeste de Goiás, acima da demanda regional, a partir do ano de 2014. Nesse contexto, iniciou-se uma crise, quando a oferta aumentou, os preços baixaram, viveiros fecharam e produtores não encontraram mercado para seus produtos. Em algumas áreas, a combinação de produtores endividados, desprovidos de conhecimento técnico, solos muito arenosos derivados de arenitos friáveis, declividades acentuadas, materiais genéticos inadequados às condições ecológicas, logística inadequada e redução de demanda por lenha gerou alta vulnerabilidade ecológico-econômica. O eucalipto transformou-se, de símbolo da esperança, em decepção para grande parte dos produtores do Sudoeste de Goiás.

Le Sud-Ouest de la France présente, au Second âge du Fer, une situation socio-économique particulièrement originale, dans un espace où circulent biens, hommes et idées. Plusieurs peuples sont ici en contact dont deux ethnies majeures, les Celtes et les Aquitains. Bien que la céramique soit de loin le mobilier le plus abondant sur les sites de cette époque, on connaît mal sa chaîne opératoire et son mode de diffusion. Le travail de thèse s'est ainsi attaché à réétudier dans un premier temps la production céramique à partir des ateliers de potier qui offrent dans le Sud-Ouest la concentration la plus importante de l’Europe celtique. La présence régulière de mobilier détritique dans ces ateliers peut suggérer que toute la céramique régionale n’est pas forcément le reflet de la production. Cette céramique a pu être analysée en suivant un protocole discriminant, notamment en relevant les macrotraces. Cette démarche a permis de dégager les conditions dans lesquelles on peut considérer que ces céramiques sont bien le reflet de la production des ateliers. La céramique a également été étudiée d’un point de vue technologique, typochronologique et stylistique. Dans le secteur du Toulousain, nous avons étendu la réflexion à des sites de consommation (habitats groupés et établissements ruraux), ce qui a permis d’étudier les relations entretenues entre ces sites, mais également avec les ateliers de potier du secteur. À travers le cas d’étude des jarres estampillées de type Aiguillon, la question de la diffusion régionale des productions céramiques a pu être abordée d’une manière plus concrète grâce à des analyses pétrographiques. Enfin, le travail de thèse a permis de relire l'histoire des sociétés du sud-ouest de la France en s’intéressant au statut des potiers, au rôle joué par les ateliers de potier dans l’économie de production céramique et enfin aux problèmes non résolus que posent les faciès de culture matérielle de la région. / In the Second Iron Age, the Southwest of France showed a particular socio-economic situation in a space where goods, men and ideas were circulating. Many peoples were in contact there, including two major ethnic groups, the Celts and the Aquitains. Although pottery is by far the most abundant furniture found in the settlements of this period, we do not know well its chaîne opératoire and its way of circulation. First, this Phd research focused on restudying the ceramic production based on potters’ workshops, as the Southwest concentrated the most numerous workshops in Celtic Europe. Wasted pieces of furniture have been found in these workshops and suggest that local ceramics encountered there did not necessarily represent the overall production. This ceramic has been analysed thanks to a discriminant protocol, including a focus on macro-traces. This approach has underlined the conditions in which these pieces of ceramic can be considered to be the reflection of the whole workshops’ production. Pottery has also been analysed from a technological, typo-chronological and stylistic point of view. In the area of Toulouse, we have extended the study to consumption sites (grouped settlements and rural settlements), which allowed us to study not only the relationships between these sites, but also between the pottery’s workshops within that area. Through the study case of Aiguillon type stamped jars, the question of the regional circulation of ceramic productions has been approached in a more concrete way thanks to petrology analysis. Finally, the history of the societies of Southwestern France has been reevaluated through the PhD research by paying a particular attention to potters’ social status, to the role played by pottery’s workshops in the economy of the ceramic production, and to unsolved issues about the facies of the material culture in the area.

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