Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-10-10T18:02:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Vera - TESE (Com ficha catalográfica).pdf: 1807916 bytes, checksum: b10e55b1c51122e4e4037d88c42bda62 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T20:53:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Vera - TESE (Com ficha catalográfica).pdf: 1807916 bytes, checksum: b10e55b1c51122e4e4037d88c42bda62 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T20:53:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Vera - TESE (Com ficha catalográfica).pdf: 1807916 bytes, checksum: b10e55b1c51122e4e4037d88c42bda62 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / Sem bolsa / O Brasil é considerado um dos países que mais produz resíduos agroindustriais, devido à intensa atividade agrícola. Como exemplo deste fato destaca-se a quirera de arroz,o bagaço de uva ea farinha de soja que podem ser aproveitados como ingredientes na elaboração de novos produtos para a alimentação humana. Objetivou-se com esteestudo, caracterizar nutricionalmente misturas à base de arroz parboilizado, farinha de soja desengordurada e bagaço de uva e seus efeitos nos parâmetros biológicos de ratos Wistar após desmame, visando alternativas para uma alimentação saudável na fase de crescimento. O trabalho foi estruturado em dois experimentos, onde no Experimento I foram comparados, parâmetros nutricionais e microbiológicos, compostos fenólicos,antocianinas e atividade antioxidante em arroz parboilizado, farinha de soja desengordurada e bagaço de uva. No Experimento II foram avaliadas as respostas biológicas de ratos machos Wistarem crescimento,alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes proporções de arroz parboilizado, farinha de soja e bagaço de uva. Os resultados permitem concluir que a maior concentração de soja no suplemento, causa ganho de peso, aumento no colesterol, na glicose e na gordura epididimal, entretanto promove o crescimento.O aumento da concentração de arroz e bagaço de uva no suplemento, provoca aumento na área do fêmur, diminui os níveis de triglicerídeos e não altera os níveis de colesterol e gordura epididimal.A suplementação com arroz, soja e bagaço de uva, não provoca alteração na função hepática, sendo possível a sua utilização na alimentação no período de crescimento. / Brazil is considered one of the countries that more agro-industrial waste produced, due to the intense agricultural activity. As an example of this fact is the Grits of grape bagasse, rice and soy flour that can be used as ingredients in the preparation of new products for human consumption. The objective of this study, to characterize nutritionally mixtures with a basis of parboiled rice, defatted soy flour and grape Marc and their effects on biological parameters of Wistar rats after weaning, seeking alternatives for a healthy nutrition in growth phase. The work was structured in two experiments, where in experiment I were compared, nutritional and microbiological parameters, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity in parboiled rice, soy flour, defatted and grape marc. In experiment II were evaluated the biological responses of male Wistar rats in growth, fed with diets containing different proportions of parboiled rice, soy flour and grape marc. The results allow to conclude that the greatest concentration of soybean in the supplement, cause weight gain, increase in cholesterol, glucose and epididymal fat, however promotes growth. The increase in concentration of rice and grape Marc in the supplement, causes an increase in the area of the femur, decreases triglyceride levels and does not alter the levels of cholesterol and epididymal fat. Supplementation with rice, soya and grape residue, does not cause change in liver function and its use in feed on growth period.

Soybeans have traditionally been grown in rows wide enough to allow mechanical cultivation and to increase lodging resistance. Improved cultivars and herbicides have permitted farmers to obtain yield advantages from narrower rows. The growth response of soybeans to variations in row width and seeding rates depends upon the cultivar and geographic location. “Williams,” “Mitchell,” and “Essex” cultivars were planted at row widths of 18, 36, 54, and 72cm. at seeding rates of 33, 67, 100 and 134 kg/ha in multi-row plots. Data were collected from each plot for seed yield, lodging, plant height, height of lowest pod, seed and population per square meter. Results indicate that soybeans grown in 18 cm. rows produce higher yields than those grown in 72 cm. rows. The only effect on yield due to seeding rates was found within the cultivar Mitchell where intermediate seeding rates produced highest yields. Lower seeding rates were found to result in podding closer to the ground and to cause a decrease in seed size. Row width, seeding rate, and cultivar had no effect on lodging or plant height. Row width and seeding rate had no effect on maturity date.

With the recent agreement on a framework in the Doha Round for the WTO, trade liberalization is taking another step forward. Unfortunately, export taxes get overlooked as only five countries have this protectionist/rent seeking policy: Argentina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Russia and Ukraine (USDA FAS, 2004). However, the impact of these policies can be felt all over the world. The focus of the case study is on the differential export taxes (DET) placed on soybeans by the Government of Argentina and analyzing the impact of government intervention on trade. Argentina is the third-largest producer of soybeans, and the worldâ s largest exporter of soybean oil and meal with domestic consumption totaling less than five percent of the meal and oil that is processed. In Argentina there is a constant export tax level of twenty percent that is applied to all commodities in agriculture but in the case of oilseeds, raw soybeans are taxed 3.5% more than all other grains and oilseed products. This differential tax favors the exports of valued-added products, i.e. soybean oil and meal. Previous attempts to eliminate the DET have failed. FEDIOL, the Federation that represents the vegetable oils and fats industry in the European Union, filed a complaint against Argentina in the late 1970s and again in the early 1980s, but failed because the DET was not listed as a subsidy under the GATT. / Master of Science

Most of Indiana corn and soybeans are placed into storage at harvest time to be delivered to market at a later date. Indiana farmers have many options regarding how and when to sell this grain. The present research addresses the issue of how to maximize the expected net returns to storage. The three central questions are: (i) which crop produces better returns? (ii) should the grain be stored unpriced or hedged using futures? and (iii) how long should grain be stored? Expected net returns for corn were maximized by storing unpriced until spring. However, unpriced corn storage provided positive returns less frequently than storage hedging. Unpriced soybean storage was better on average, and also produced positive returns more frequently than storage hedging. Returns were higher for soybeans than corn.

Tempeh belongs to the fermented probiotic soybean products. Tempeh is a valuable nutritional foodstuff due to its rich source of protein, content of unsaturated fatty acids essential for human and high amount of antioxidants. The theoretical part describes nutritional composition of tempeh and soybeans. In the thesis are discussed positive and negative effects of soy on human health. In the thesis were followed up changes in the nutritional components caused by the fermentation process and the action of microorganisms. The experimental part deals with the identification of microorganisms, which are contained in three types of tempeh. Microorganisms were detected using method polymerase chain reaction. DNA was isolated from the products by use phenol extraction, using magnetic microparticles F-kol 77ox and magnetic nanoparticles F79/L3 PLL. As part of the nutritional analysis changes in individual nutrients and other substances in soybeans after tempeh fermentation have been studied. In the chosen products total content of essential nutrients – carbohydrates, lipids and proteins were analyzed. Amount of antioxidants such as phenolics and flavonoids were analysed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Determination of vitamin E content which was analysed by HPLC and determination presence of fatty acids which was determined by GC was incorporated to this thesis.

No description available.

The 21st century has witnessed a significant growth of financial activity in the food system. Although these developments have been mirrored with a rise in interest towards studying financialisation, there is still much to uncover of its complex workings in an equally complex system. Many studies have focused on the measurement of financialisation, but less have ventured to assess the practical nature of financialisation: how it spreads, who spreads it and what are its effects for the system it is colonising. This study creates a model to understand these practicalities. To test this model, I use quantitative soybean commodity chain data by the Trase database combined with a qualitative case study on Bunge Ltd., one of the biggest soybean traders and processors globally.Contrary to how financialisation is often treated, this study strengthens the understanding of financialisation as a deliberate process put in practice by the actors and structures in its host system. It is a process inherent to the foundations of the current neoliberal world order and globalised capitalist system, which it influences and is influenced by. To assess the practice of the financialisation process, in this thesis I have created a model that can be adapted to systems and commodities within as well as beyond the food system.

Phytic acid (PA) accounts for up to 75% of the P in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seeds, but it is indigestible by mono- and agastric animals resulting in economic and environmental detriment. Soybean lines with genetically reduced PA contents have been developed using three distinct mutant alleles at the MIPS1, LPA1, and LPA2 genes resulting in up to a 75% reduction in PA. Low PA (LPA) soymeal-based feeds have been tested on several agricultural species and shown to reduce the P in the animal effluent, but they have not been tested on any aquacultural species. However, LPA soybean lines often exhibit low field emergence making them commercially inviable. The cause of this phenomenon is widely debated with possibilities ranging from increased disease pressure to decreased seedling vigor. The objectives of this research were to 1) enhance field emergence of LPA soybean varieties through pre-planting seed treatments, 2) study the impact of the LPA mutant alleles on agronomic, quality, and seed composition traits, and 3) design a low-error method for studying the effect of LPA soymeal-based feeds on aquatic animals using Pacific White Shrimp (Litoenaeus vannamei). These results describe a variety of agronomic and genetic strategies with which the low field emergence of LPA soybeans can be addressed, reveal a heretofore not reported interaction between the mips1 and lpa2 alleles to further increase the digestibility of soymeal, and a possible method for studying LPA soymeal based feed on aquacultural animals. / Master of Science

Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål), has become an important pest of soybean in the Mid-Atlantic US. To assess the influence of tree borders on BMSB infestations in soybean, twelve fields were sampled weekly using five 3-min visual counts of BMSB on tree of heaven (TOH) (Ailanthus altissima) and other host trees along a wooded border, on the adjacent soybean edge, 15 m and 30 m into the soybean field. At all locations, BMSB densities increased on TOH wooded borders in July, then, gradually moved into adjacent soybean borders later in the summer. BMSB did not move far from the field edge, with approximately half as many bugs being present at 15 m into the field and very few being detected 30 m into the field. These results validate the use of border sprays for BMSB control in soybean. Additional studies conducted in 2013 and 2014 compared a visual plant inspection method with a standard sweep net strategy for sampling BMSB. Overall, the two methods were highly correlated with a correlation coefficient of R=0.83. Visual inspection appears to be an effective method for assessing BMSB populations in soybean. One of the major factors affecting the distribution and establishment of invasive species is climate. The CLIMEX modeling software uses climatic and biological factors of species to predict the geographic risk for pest outbreaks. A climate simulation model was run with CLIMEX to determine the potential distribution of BMSB in Virginia based on temperature. To develop a more accurate model, factors like resource availability and source population would need to be considered. / Master of Science in Life Sciences / Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) is a major pest of many crops, including soybean. Before moving into soybean the bug has been observed on other preferred hosts (primarily tree of heaven) in neighboring forest edges. To determine the relationship of these hosts to BMSB and its movement into soybean fields we sampled these forest edges, the neighboring field edge, 15 m into the field, and 30 m into the field. Results showed that BMSB populations were high on the forest edges early in the season and increased rapidly on neighboring field edge when soybeans begin developing pods and seeds. Bugs rarely moved past the 15 m sample zone. These results validate the use of border sprays for BMSB control in soybean. Sampling for BMSB with a sweep net has proven to be a challenge as the insect has a strong “startle response” where it will drop from the plant after slight disturbance. To assess the relationship between a standard sweep net sampling strategy and a new 2-min visual inspection method we sampled soybean fields in Virginia, Maryland and Delaware in 2013 and 2014. Data suggested that the 2-min visual inspection method can be used as an alternative to sweep net sampling. Climate plays a critical role in the geographic distribution of species. We ran a climate simulation model with CLIMEX (modeling software) to determine the potential distribution of BMSB in Virginia based on temperature. To develop a more accurate model, additional factors like resource availability and distance from source population would need to be considered.

Master of Science / Department of Agronomy / P. V. Vara Prasad, / Kraig L. Roozeboom / Replacing fallow with cover crops can provide many benefits, including improved soil quality and reduced nitrogen fertilizer requirements. The addition of cover crops into no-till systems has become popular in recent years as a means of increasing cropping system intensity and diversity. A primary concern of producers in the Great Plains is the possibility that cover crops may reduce the amount of soil water stored in the profile for the next grain crop, potentially reducing yields. Multi-species cover crop mixtures that enhance the ecological stability and resilience of cover crop communities may produce greater and more consistent biomass than single species. Field experiments were established in 2013 and 2014 near Belleville and Manhattan, KS following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest to evaluate the effect of cover crop species and species complexity on changes in soil profile water content and water use efficiency. Along with a chemical fallow control, ten cover crop treatments were tested: six single species, two-three component mixes, a mix of six species, and a mix of nine species. Volumetric water content was measured using a neutron probe and a Field Scout TDR 300. Similar data were collected in 2014 from an experiment established in 2007 comparing fallow, double-cropped soybean, and four cover crop types (summer and winter legumes and non-legumes) in a no-till winter wheat-grain sorghum-soybean cropping system near Manhattan, KS. Results from both studies showed that grasses produced the most dry matter with the highest water use efficiency (up to 618 kg cm-1). Fallow lost up to 7.9 cm less water than all cover crop treatments throughout cover crop growth and in the fall, but captured up to 3.4 cm less moisture in the spring than the cover crops that added residue to the soil surface. Brassica species extracted water from deeper in the soil profile than the other cover crop species. Species complexity affected water use only relative to the proportions and productivity of their individual components, with no advantage in water use efficiency for the more complex mixtures.