Chez les spores de bactéries, le photoproduit le plus abondant formé dans l'ADN irradié par les UV est un dimère de thymines appelé Photoproduit des spores (SP, 5-(a-thyminyl)-5,6-dihydrothymine). Au début de la germination, ce photoproduit est spécifiquement réparé par une enzyme, la Spore Photoproduct Lyase (SPL), régénérant les deux résidus thymine originaux. Cette enzyme est une protéine Fe-S qui appartient à la famille des « Radical-SAM ». Les protéines de cette famille d'enzymes possèdent un centre [4Fe-4S], coordiné par 3 cystéines conservées organisées selon le motif CxxxCxxC, et utilisent la SAdénosylméthionine comme cofacteur. Elles fonctionnent toutes selon un mécanisme <br />radicalaire, initié par la formation du radical 5'-désoxyadénosyle issu de la coupure homolytique de la S-Adénosylméthionine par le centre [4Fe-4S] réduit. Dans ce travail, nous avons effectué une caractérisation biochimique et spectroscopique des SPL de Clostridium acetobutylicum et Bacillus subtilis. Par ailleurs, nous avons synthétisé un substrat minimum sous la forme d'un dinucléoside monophosphate appelé SPTpT, pour lequel une caractérisation structurale par RMN a été réalisée. Le SPTpT est reconnu et efficacement réparé par l'enzyme, ce qui nous a permis d'obtenir de nouvelles informations sur le mécanisme enzymatique de réparation. Enfin, la séquence primaire des SPL contient une 4e cystéine conservée, essentielle à la réparation, mais qui n'est pas impliquée dans la coordination du centre [Fe-S]. Nous nous sommes intéressés au rôle de cette cystéine dans le mécanisme de réparation grâce à l'étude biochimique et enzymatique du mutant SPLC141A.

Cette thèse que je présente est le fruit d'une recherche sur le rapport de l'artisanat marocain avec la modernité qui est à l'évidence au cœur de la transition que vit le Maroc. Elle porte sur la dynamique d'évolution de l'entreprise artisanale dans les territoires de la Médina de Fès, de Safi et d'Essaouira, où les systèmes de production artisanaux, locaux, ont des racines profondes et structurent l'organisation spatio-économique. Après avoir défini le territoire comme un espace-lieu doté d'une histoire socio-économique et culturelle, d'institutions propres dans lequel il se construit des ressources, un espace dynamisé et développé par les acteurs économiques, sociaux et institutionnels, où les acteurs façonnent et construisent des ressources spécifiques et développent entre eux une synergie, elle entend développer une réflexion engagée sur le lien entre Culture et Ressources en terme de développement local, tout en sachant que la Culture est une réalité supérieure qui s'impose aux groupes et les conditionne. Sans négliger le fait que la culture naît et se développe sur un territoire, le questionnement porte particulièrement sur l'analyse de l'existence de ses effets d'inertie dans les logiques territoriales. L'analyse tente de vérifier et de justifier les hypothèses que nous émettons quand nous affirmons que la culture, en tant que telle, entrave la trajectoire des structures artisanales, du fait qu'elle prolonge ses racines dans l'histoire et se perpétue d'une génération à une autre, en sauvegardant les mêmes techniques, les mêmes procédés de fabrication, résultat d'un progrès lent et cumulatif. Le but du présent travail est justement de démontrer que la culture n'est pas toujours un élément essentiel des processus d'innovation et de création sur les territoires comme on l'affirme, mais qu'elle peut aussi être un facteur de blocage.

Windows are a weakness in building facade sound transmission loss (STL). This coupled with the detrimental effects of excessive noise exposure on human health including: annoyance, sleep deprivation, hearing impairment and heart disease, is the motivation for this investigation of the STL improvements active noise control (ANC) of windows can provide. Window speaker development, ANC window experiments and analytical modelling of ANC windows were investigated. Five different window speaker constructions were characterised then compared with a previously developed window speaker. ANC window testing used three different ANC configurations and was performed in two different environments, one with a reverberant receiving room, and the other with an anechoic receiving room. Optimisation of ANC systems with particular control source locations was the aim of the modelling. This enabled comparison with the ANC window tests and would aid in further development of ANC windows. Window speaker constructions were characterised by sound pressure level (SPL) measurements performed in an anechoic room. These measurements were made in a way that enabled comparison with the previously developed window speaker. Total sound energy reduction calculations were used to determine the relative performance of the tested ANC windows. An STL model, based on a modal panel vibration model, was initially created and verified against published STL data before it was expanded to include ANC control sources. The model was used to simulate the performed anechoic environment tests and an ideal ANC case.

Este estudo parte dos reflexos da reestruturação produtiva capitalista sobre as dinâmicas locais de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais e a tentativa de identificar a complexidade das respostas em nível territorial. A justificativa do trabalho assenta-se na necessidade de um aprofundamento do debate sobre as novas abordagens teóricas explicativas da gênese e funcionamento das atuais dinâmicas de desenvolvimento desses territórios. O objetivo principal do estudo consiste em analisar as dinâmicas sócio-econômicas de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais do Rio Grande do Sul através da utilização da abordagem teórico-metodológica dos Sistemas Produtivos Localizados ou Locais (SPLs), modificada para esses territórios. Os ajustes nesta abordagem permitem a identificação das realidades estruturais e dos processos históricos de formação e reprodução dos territórios rurais mediante a utilização de variáveis relacionadas com os mercados formais de trabalho e a produção agrícola dos municípios. Isto permitiu identificar as aglomerações produtivas que conformam o que se denomina “SPLs Rurais”. Através deste ajuste analítico, pretende-se compreender os mecanismos de articulação das dinâmicas sócioeconômicas de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais com os seus sistemas produtivos localizados (SPLs) rurais. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na realização de uma análise empírica aplicada à região gaúcha do Vale do Rio Pardo (VRP) e a utilização da análise fatorial e do cálculo dos quocientes locacionais (QL) para a elaboração da tipologia dos SPLs. Como resultado da aplicação da abordagem teórico-metodológica dos SPLs foi possível identificar quatro SPLs Rurais, descritos como distritos “agropastoril”, “agrícola”, “agroindustrial” e “agroindustrial e de serviços”. Constatou-se a utilidade da abordagem proposta, pois verificou-se que a região VRP é constituída por territórios rurais diversificados e complexos, que se formam e se reproduzem através de diversos tipos de SPLs, na forma de distritos rurais, industriais, agroindustriais, agro-pastoris, agrícolas e de serviços, resultante dos efeitos da regulação global e da governação local dos territórios. A perspectiva territorial do desenvolvimento rural e a abordagem dos SPLs representaram pontos de partida para se chegar à noção de “SPL-Rural” e para o estudo das dinâmicas de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais. / This study it initiates from the consequences of the capitalist productive reorganization on the local dynamic of development of the rural territories and the attempt to identify the complexity of the answers in territorial level. The justification this work is based in the necessity of a deepening of the debate on the new explicatives theoretical approach of genesis and functioning of the current dynamic of development of these territories. The main objective of the study consists of analyzing the socio-economic dynamic of development of the rural territories of the Rio Grande do Sul using the approach theoretician-methodological of the Located or Local Productive Systems (SPLs), but modified for rural territories. The adjustments in this approach allow to the identification of the structural realities and the historical processes of formation and reproduction of the rural territories through of the use of variable related with the formal markets of work and the agricultural production of the cities. This allowed to identify the productive agglomerations, that conform what is called “Rural SPLs”. Throug this analytical adjustment, it is intended to understand the mechanisms of joint of the socio-economic dynamic of development of the rural territories with its rural located productive systems (SPLs). The used methodology consisted of the accomplishment of an empirical analysis applied to the “gaúcha” region of the Valley of Rio Pardo (VRP) and the use of the factorial analysis and the calculation of the "localization quotients" (QL) for the elaboration of the tipologia of the SPLs. As result of the application of the approach theoretician-methodological of the SPLs it was possible to identify to four Rural SPLs, described as districts: “agropastoril”, “agrícola”, “agroindustrial” and “agroindustrial and of services”. Utility of the approach was evidenced it proposal, therefore it was verified that region VRP is constituted by diversified and complex rural territories, that they are formed and reproduced through diverse types of SPLs, in the form of rural, industrial, agri-industrial, agripastoral, agricultural and of services districts, resultant of the effect of the global regulation and the local governance of the territories. The territorial perspective of the rural development and the approach of the SPLs had represented starting points to arrive themselves at the “Rural SPL” notion and study of the dynamic of development of the rural territories.

Este estudo parte dos reflexos da reestruturação produtiva capitalista sobre as dinâmicas locais de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais e a tentativa de identificar a complexidade das respostas em nível territorial. A justificativa do trabalho assenta-se na necessidade de um aprofundamento do debate sobre as novas abordagens teóricas explicativas da gênese e funcionamento das atuais dinâmicas de desenvolvimento desses territórios. O objetivo principal do estudo consiste em analisar as dinâmicas sócio-econômicas de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais do Rio Grande do Sul através da utilização da abordagem teórico-metodológica dos Sistemas Produtivos Localizados ou Locais (SPLs), modificada para esses territórios. Os ajustes nesta abordagem permitem a identificação das realidades estruturais e dos processos históricos de formação e reprodução dos territórios rurais mediante a utilização de variáveis relacionadas com os mercados formais de trabalho e a produção agrícola dos municípios. Isto permitiu identificar as aglomerações produtivas que conformam o que se denomina “SPLs Rurais”. Através deste ajuste analítico, pretende-se compreender os mecanismos de articulação das dinâmicas sócioeconômicas de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais com os seus sistemas produtivos localizados (SPLs) rurais. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na realização de uma análise empírica aplicada à região gaúcha do Vale do Rio Pardo (VRP) e a utilização da análise fatorial e do cálculo dos quocientes locacionais (QL) para a elaboração da tipologia dos SPLs. Como resultado da aplicação da abordagem teórico-metodológica dos SPLs foi possível identificar quatro SPLs Rurais, descritos como distritos “agropastoril”, “agrícola”, “agroindustrial” e “agroindustrial e de serviços”. Constatou-se a utilidade da abordagem proposta, pois verificou-se que a região VRP é constituída por territórios rurais diversificados e complexos, que se formam e se reproduzem através de diversos tipos de SPLs, na forma de distritos rurais, industriais, agroindustriais, agro-pastoris, agrícolas e de serviços, resultante dos efeitos da regulação global e da governação local dos territórios. A perspectiva territorial do desenvolvimento rural e a abordagem dos SPLs representaram pontos de partida para se chegar à noção de “SPL-Rural” e para o estudo das dinâmicas de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais. / This study it initiates from the consequences of the capitalist productive reorganization on the local dynamic of development of the rural territories and the attempt to identify the complexity of the answers in territorial level. The justification this work is based in the necessity of a deepening of the debate on the new explicatives theoretical approach of genesis and functioning of the current dynamic of development of these territories. The main objective of the study consists of analyzing the socio-economic dynamic of development of the rural territories of the Rio Grande do Sul using the approach theoretician-methodological of the Located or Local Productive Systems (SPLs), but modified for rural territories. The adjustments in this approach allow to the identification of the structural realities and the historical processes of formation and reproduction of the rural territories through of the use of variable related with the formal markets of work and the agricultural production of the cities. This allowed to identify the productive agglomerations, that conform what is called “Rural SPLs”. Throug this analytical adjustment, it is intended to understand the mechanisms of joint of the socio-economic dynamic of development of the rural territories with its rural located productive systems (SPLs). The used methodology consisted of the accomplishment of an empirical analysis applied to the “gaúcha” region of the Valley of Rio Pardo (VRP) and the use of the factorial analysis and the calculation of the "localization quotients" (QL) for the elaboration of the tipologia of the SPLs. As result of the application of the approach theoretician-methodological of the SPLs it was possible to identify to four Rural SPLs, described as districts: “agropastoril”, “agrícola”, “agroindustrial” and “agroindustrial and of services”. Utility of the approach was evidenced it proposal, therefore it was verified that region VRP is constituted by diversified and complex rural territories, that they are formed and reproduced through diverse types of SPLs, in the form of rural, industrial, agri-industrial, agripastoral, agricultural and of services districts, resultant of the effect of the global regulation and the local governance of the territories. The territorial perspective of the rural development and the approach of the SPLs had represented starting points to arrive themselves at the “Rural SPL” notion and study of the dynamic of development of the rural territories.

Este estudo parte dos reflexos da reestruturação produtiva capitalista sobre as dinâmicas locais de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais e a tentativa de identificar a complexidade das respostas em nível territorial. A justificativa do trabalho assenta-se na necessidade de um aprofundamento do debate sobre as novas abordagens teóricas explicativas da gênese e funcionamento das atuais dinâmicas de desenvolvimento desses territórios. O objetivo principal do estudo consiste em analisar as dinâmicas sócio-econômicas de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais do Rio Grande do Sul através da utilização da abordagem teórico-metodológica dos Sistemas Produtivos Localizados ou Locais (SPLs), modificada para esses territórios. Os ajustes nesta abordagem permitem a identificação das realidades estruturais e dos processos históricos de formação e reprodução dos territórios rurais mediante a utilização de variáveis relacionadas com os mercados formais de trabalho e a produção agrícola dos municípios. Isto permitiu identificar as aglomerações produtivas que conformam o que se denomina “SPLs Rurais”. Através deste ajuste analítico, pretende-se compreender os mecanismos de articulação das dinâmicas sócioeconômicas de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais com os seus sistemas produtivos localizados (SPLs) rurais. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na realização de uma análise empírica aplicada à região gaúcha do Vale do Rio Pardo (VRP) e a utilização da análise fatorial e do cálculo dos quocientes locacionais (QL) para a elaboração da tipologia dos SPLs. Como resultado da aplicação da abordagem teórico-metodológica dos SPLs foi possível identificar quatro SPLs Rurais, descritos como distritos “agropastoril”, “agrícola”, “agroindustrial” e “agroindustrial e de serviços”. Constatou-se a utilidade da abordagem proposta, pois verificou-se que a região VRP é constituída por territórios rurais diversificados e complexos, que se formam e se reproduzem através de diversos tipos de SPLs, na forma de distritos rurais, industriais, agroindustriais, agro-pastoris, agrícolas e de serviços, resultante dos efeitos da regulação global e da governação local dos territórios. A perspectiva territorial do desenvolvimento rural e a abordagem dos SPLs representaram pontos de partida para se chegar à noção de “SPL-Rural” e para o estudo das dinâmicas de desenvolvimento dos territórios rurais. / This study it initiates from the consequences of the capitalist productive reorganization on the local dynamic of development of the rural territories and the attempt to identify the complexity of the answers in territorial level. The justification this work is based in the necessity of a deepening of the debate on the new explicatives theoretical approach of genesis and functioning of the current dynamic of development of these territories. The main objective of the study consists of analyzing the socio-economic dynamic of development of the rural territories of the Rio Grande do Sul using the approach theoretician-methodological of the Located or Local Productive Systems (SPLs), but modified for rural territories. The adjustments in this approach allow to the identification of the structural realities and the historical processes of formation and reproduction of the rural territories through of the use of variable related with the formal markets of work and the agricultural production of the cities. This allowed to identify the productive agglomerations, that conform what is called “Rural SPLs”. Throug this analytical adjustment, it is intended to understand the mechanisms of joint of the socio-economic dynamic of development of the rural territories with its rural located productive systems (SPLs). The used methodology consisted of the accomplishment of an empirical analysis applied to the “gaúcha” region of the Valley of Rio Pardo (VRP) and the use of the factorial analysis and the calculation of the "localization quotients" (QL) for the elaboration of the tipologia of the SPLs. As result of the application of the approach theoretician-methodological of the SPLs it was possible to identify to four Rural SPLs, described as districts: “agropastoril”, “agrícola”, “agroindustrial” and “agroindustrial and of services”. Utility of the approach was evidenced it proposal, therefore it was verified that region VRP is constituted by diversified and complex rural territories, that they are formed and reproduced through diverse types of SPLs, in the form of rural, industrial, agri-industrial, agripastoral, agricultural and of services districts, resultant of the effect of the global regulation and the local governance of the territories. The territorial perspective of the rural development and the approach of the SPLs had represented starting points to arrive themselves at the “Rural SPL” notion and study of the dynamic of development of the rural territories.

En central stabsprodukt i Svensk planerings- och ledningsmetod (SPL) är operationsdesign. Den traditionella operationsdesignen har kritiserats för sin linjäritet, stelbenthet och positiva progression och därmed ansetts mindre lämplig för operationer med defensiv inriktning eller stor osäkerhet. SPL, med målsättningen att vara en allomfattande planeringsmetod, har därför i 2017 års version bland annat tillförts ytterligare tre typer av operationsdesign. Denna uppsats undersöker hur SPLs typer av operationsdesign omhändertar tre defensiva operationsplaner från 1979. Undersökningen sker genom att en kvalitativ textanalys leder fram till efterhandskonstruktioner av planernas operationsdesigner. Denna följs av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att se hur dessa operationsdesigner omhändertar försvararens möjlighet att avgöra, undvika ett avgörande samt dennes behov av flexibilitet. Resultatet visar att alla designtyper fungerar väl när ett avgörande söks men sämre när ett avgörande försöker undvikas. Behovet av flexibilitet omhändertas bäst i den dynamiska designtypen och någorlunda väl i den traditionella. Båda har dock svårigheter i övergången till det militära slutläget om ambitionen i målsättningarna sänks. De två designtyperna tematisk och mixad, som främst är ämnade för mycket osäkra situationer, omhändertar däremot dåligt de planer som undersökts då mycket av den operativa inriktningen går förlorad. Sammantaget visar undersökningen att genom tillförsel av de nya designtyperna är SPL en bit på vägen mot en allomfattande planeringsmetod, men svårigheten att applicera stabsverktyget operationsdesign på defensiva operationer är ännu inte helt löst.

La Ingeniería de Líneas de Productos Software -Software Product Line Engineerings (SPLEs) en inglés- es una técnica de desarrollo de software que busca aplicar los principios de la fabricación industrial para la obtención de aplicaciones informáticas: esto es, una Línea de productos Software -Software Product Line (SPL)- se emplea para producir una familia de productos con características comunes, cuyos miembros, sin embargo, pueden tener características diferenciales. Identificar a priori estas características comunes y diferenciales permite maximizar la reutilización, reduciendo el tiempo y el coste del desarrollo. Describir estas relaciones con la suficiente expresividad se vuelve un aspecto fundamental para conseguir el éxito. La Ingeniería Dirigida por Modelos -Model Driven Engineering (MDE) en inglés- se ha revelado en los últimos años como un paradigma que permite tratar con artefactos software con un alto nivel de abstracción de forma efectiva. Gracias a ello, las SPLs puede aprovecharse en granmedida de los estándares y herramientas que han surgido dentro de la comunidad de MDE. No obstante, aún no se ha conseguido una buena integración entre SPLE y MDE, y como consecuencia, los mecanismos para la gestión de la variabilidad no son suficientemente expresivos. De esta manera, no es posible integrar la variabilidad de forma eficiente en procesos complejos de desarrollo de software donde las diferentes vistas de un sistema, las transformaciones de modelos y la generación de código juegan un papel fundamental. Esta tesis presenta MULTIPLE, un marco de trabajo y una herramienta que persiguen integrar de forma precisa y eficiente los mecanismos de gestión de variabilidad propios de las SPLs dentro de los procesos de MDE. MULTIPLE proporciona lenguajes específicos de dominio para especificar diferentes vistas de los sistemas software. Entre ellas se hace especial hincapié en la vista de variabilidad ya que es determinante para la especificación de SPLs. / Gómez Llana, A. (2012). MODEL DRIVEN SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINE ENGINEERING: SYSTEM VARIABILITY VIEW AND PROCESS IMPLICATIONS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15075 / Palancia

Coral reefs around the world are threatened by a variety of sources, from localized impacts, including overfishing and coastal development, to global temperature increases and ocean acidification. Conserving these marine biodiversity havens requires both global and local action informed by scientific research. In this thesis, I use data collected from the coral reefs around Kiritimati atoll (Republic of Kiribati) in the central equatorial Pacific, first to assess the applicability of two common metrics used in passive underwater acoustic research, and second to examine the effects of a marine heatwave and local human disturbance on an assemblage of corallivorous fish. Using acoustic data recorded in 2017 and 2018 on reefs around Kiritimati, I assess how sound pressure level (SPL) and the acoustic complexity index (ACI) respond to changes in fish sounds in a low frequency band (160 Hz – 1 kHz) and snapping shrimp snaps in a high frequency band (1 kHz – 22 kHz). I found that while SPL was positively correlated with increases in fish sounds and snap density, changes in ACI were dependent upon the settings chosen for its calculation, with the density of snaps negatively correlated with ACI across all settings. These findings provide evidence that despite its quick and prolific adoption, acoustic metrics like ACI should be thoroughly field-tested and standardized before they are applied to new ecosystems like coral reefs. Next, using underwater visual censuses (UVCs) of reef fish assemblages, I quantified how two functional groups of corallivores, obligate and facultative, responded to a mass coral mortality event created by the 2015-2016 El Niño. Declines in abundance of both groups were largely driven by the response of coral-associated damselfishes, Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus in the obligate group and Plectroglyphidodon dickii in the facultative group, to heat stress and subsequent coral mortality. I also observed a significant decline in the species richness of obligate corallivores, and a continued decline in the abundance of obligate corallivores three years after the mass coral mortality event. Additionally, facultative corallivore abundance increased with disturbance, although the effect was modulated by year, likely due to their more adaptable diets. Corallivore assemblage structure was also influenced by the heat stress event, recovery, and local human disturbance. These results detail how an entire corallivorous assemblage is impacted by a coral mortality event and incidentally provide a timeline for corallivore decline. Together, these results provide information about new ways of monitoring coral reefs, and the ways in which two components of the reef fish community, obligate and facultative corallivores, respond to a mass coral mortality event. / Graduate / 2022-01-15

[ES] Las flores se producen por la actividad del meristemo inflorescente tras la transición floral. En plantas con inflorescencias indeterminadas, como Arabidopsis, el número final de flores producidas por el meristemo inflorescente va a depender de dos factores principales: la tasa de producción de flores del meristemo y la duración de la fase de actividad del meristemo inflorescente. El final de la floración, entendido como el momento en el que la inflorescencia detiene la producción de nuevas flores, está asociado a la parada de la proliferación del meristemo. En este punto, el meristemo deja de iniciar nuevos primordios florales y las flores sin polinizar ya formadas detienen su desarrollo. Ya hace tiempo que se conoce que la producción de frutos y semillas induce la parada del meristemo, pero no se conocen tanto los mecanismos que controlan este proceso. Durante los últimos años, la regulación del final de la floración ha empezado a elucidarse en Arabidopsis. La parada del meristemo al final de la floración está controlada a nivel genético por la ruta FRUITFULL-APETALA2 (FUL-AP2), que modula la capacidad proliferativa del meristemo y el cese de su actividad. También se ha demostrado que la parada proliferativa está controlada a nivel hormonal. Se ha propuesto que las auxinas pueden mediar la señalización entre los frutos y semillas y el meristemo. La regulación y respuesta a citoquininas también se ha propuesto como un factor importante controlando la actividad del meristemo al final de la floración. Finalmente, se ha descrito que los meristemos parados al final de la floración se asemejan a meristemos en dormancia a nivel transcriptómico. En este trabajo nos propusimos ampliar el conocimiento sobre la ruta FUL-AP2, identificando nuevos elementos tanto aguas arriba como aguas abajo. Aguas arriba caracterizamos los genes de la familia SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL), una familia de genes cuyo papel se relaciona con el cambio de fase del meristemo de vegetativo a reproductivo. Nos centramos en parte de aquellos genes SPL que no están regulados por el miR156: SPL1, SPL12, SPL14, SPL16 y su relación con FUL. Observamos que se tratan de represores de FUL y que puedan estar relacionados con la parada de la floración a través de múltiples vías, incluyendo a FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) y la ruta de respuesta a ácido abscísico (ABA). Aguas abajo, nos centramos en la caracterización funcional de factores de transcripción HOMEOBOX PROTEIN (HB), centrándonos en los genes HB21, HB40 y HB53, genes relacionados con el establecimiento de la dormancia de los meristemos axilares. En este trabajo observamos que estos genes se acumulan al final de la floración y actúan de manera redundante en esta parada de la floración, probablemente a través de un incremento de la respuesta a ABA. Con este trabajo, hemos ampliado el conocimiento sobre la red reguladora de la parada de la floración, caracterizando el papel de elementos adicionales de la misma y aportando evidencias sobre el papel de la señalización por ABA en el control de la parada del meristemo inflorescente. / [CA] Les flors es produeixen per l'activitat del meristem inflorescent rere la transició floral. En plantes amb inflorescències indeterminades, com Arabidopsis, el número final de flors produïdes pel meristem inflorescent dependrà de dos factors principals: la taxa de producció de flors del meristem i la duració de la fase d'activitat del meristem inflorescent. El final de la floració, és a dir, el moment en el que la inflorescència deté la producció de noves flors, està associat a la parada de la proliferació del meristem. En aquest punt, el meristem deixa d'iniciar nous primordis florals i les flors sense pol·linitzar ja formades detenen el seu desenvolupament. Ja fa temps que se sap que la producció de fruits i llavors indueix la parada del meristem, però no es coneixen tant els mecanismes que controlen aquest procés. Durant els últims anys, la regulació del final de la floració ha començat a elucidar-se en Arabidopsis. La parada del meristem al final de la floració està controlada a nivell genètic per la ruta FRUITFULL-APETALA2 (FUL-AP2), que modula la capacitat proliferativa del meristem i el cessament de la seua activitat. També s'ha demostrat que la parada proliferativa està controlada a nivell hormonal. S'ha proposat que les auxines poden mediar la senyalització entre els fruits i llavors i el meristem. La regulació i resposta a citoquinines també s'ha proposat com un factor important controlant l'activitat del meristem al final de la floració. Finalment, s'ha descrit que els meristems aturats al final de la floració s'assemblen a meristems en dormància a nivell transcriptómic. En aquest treball ens vam proposar ampliar el coneixement sobre la ruta FUL-AP2, identificant nous elements tant aigües amunt com aigües avall. Aigües amunt caracteritzem els gens de la família SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL), una família de gens relacionada amb el canvi de fase del meristem de vegetatiu a reproductiu. Ens centrem en part d'aquells gens SPL que no estan regulats pel miR156: SPL1, SPL12, SPL14, SPL16 i la seua relació amb FUL. Observem que es tracten de repressors de FUL i que poden estar relacionats amb la parada de la floració a través de múltiples vies, incloent a FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) i la ruta de resposta a àcid abscísic (ABA). Aigües avall, ens centrem en la caracterització funcional de factors de transcripció HOMEOBOX PROTEIN (HB), centrant-nos en els gens HB21, HB40 i HB53, gens relacionats amb l'establiment de la dormància dels meristems axil·lars. Observem que aquests gens s'acumulen al final de la floració i actuen de manera redundant en aquesta parada de la floració, probablement a través d'un increment de la resposta a ABA. Amb aquest treball, hem ampliat el coneixement sobre la xarxa reguladora de la parada de la floració, caracteritzant el paper d'elements addicionals de la mateixa i aportant evidències sobre el paper de la senyalització per ABA en el control de la parada del meristem inflorescent. / [EN] Flowers are produced by the activity of the inflorescence meristem after the floral transition. In plants with indeterminate inflorescences, such as Arabidopsis, the final number of flowers produced by the inflorescence meristem depends on two main factors: the rate of flower production by the meristem and the duration of the phase of inflorescence meristem activity. The end of flowering, understood as the moment when the inflorescence stops the production of new flowers, is associated with the meristem proliferative arrest. At this time point, the meristem ceases to initiate new floral primordia and the unpollinated flowers already formed arrest their development. It is well stablished that fruit/seed production induces inflorescence meristem arrest, but the mechanisms controlling this process have remained elusive. During the last years, the regulation of the end of flowering has started to be elucidated in Arabidopsis. The meristem arrest at the end of flowering is controlled at the genetic level by the FRUITFULL-APETALA2 (FUL-AP2) pathway, that modulates meristem proliferative capacity and the cessation of its activity. The meristem arrest has been also shown to be controlled at the hormonal level. Auxins have been proposed to mediate the fruit/seed signal to the meristem. Cytokinins regulation and response have been also proposed as important factors controlling the meristem activity at the end of flowering. Finally, it has been also described that arrested meristems at the end of flowering resemble dormant meristems at the transcriptomic level. In this work we aim to enlarge the existing knowledge about the FUL-AP2 pathway, identifying new elements both upstream and downstream. Upstream, we characterized the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) family of transcription factors, a family of genes linked to the phase change of the meristem from vegetative to reproductive. We focus on part of those SPL genes that are not regulated by miR156(SPL1, SPL12, SPL14, SPL16) and their relationship with FUL. We observed that they are FUL repressors and that they may be related to flowering arrest through multiple pathways, including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and the abscisic acid (ABA) response pathway. Downstream, we focus on the HOMEOBOX PROTEIN (HB) family of transcription factors, and more specifically on the HB21, HB40 and HB53 genes, all of them related to the establishment of dormancy of the axillary meristems. In this work we observed that these genes accumulate at the end of flowering and act redundantly at this flowering arrest, probably through an increase in the response to ABA. With this work we have expanded the existing knowledge about the proliferative arrest regulatory network, characterizing novel involved elements and providing evidence on the role of ABA signaling in the inflorescent meristem arrest control. / Sánchez Gerschon, V. (2023). El control del final de la floración: identificación de nuevos reguladores de la parada proliferativa [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/196875