The themes of this work is to make an instruction set for detection and counting LED in power supply control panel, with using SSE instruction set algorithm. The goal will be to compare function time for optimized and not optimized functions. The first part focuses on SSE instructions introduction, as well as on introduction of some functions using SSE instructions. The second part is dealing with algorithm for detection and counting LEDs and possibility of those algorithms optimizing with SSE instruction set. Next part introduces user interface for developed functions testing. On the very end I compare results of all functions and evaluate these results.

Vid kontursprängning i en tunnel uppstår med jämna mellanrum fenomenet med kvarstående bergmassor i konturen, dessa bergmassor kallas glasögon. Resterna som blir kvar bidrar till ett stort bekymmer, eftersom det blir tvunget att spränga bort dem. Dessa glasögon kostar företaget tid och pengar som skulle kunna användas till bättre ändamål. Studierna i denna rapport berör två olika sprängämnessorter som laddas i konturen, SSE 7000P samt Cord 80g/m.

The general tendency in modern hardware is an increase in fault rates, which is caused by the decreased operation voltages and feature sizes. Previously, the issue of hardware faults was mainly approached only in high-availability enterprise servers and in safety-critical applications, such as transport or aerospace domains. These fields generally have very tight requirements, but also higher budgets. However, as fault rates are increasing, fault tolerance solutions are starting to be also required in applications that have much smaller profit margins. This brings to the front the idea of software-implemented hardware fault tolerance, that is, the ability to detect and tolerate hardware faults using software-based techniques in commodity CPUs, which allows to get resilience almost for free. Current solutions, however, are lacking in performance, even though they show quite good fault tolerance results. This thesis explores the idea of using the Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) technology for executing all program\'s operations on two copies of the same data. This idea is based on the observation that SIMD is ubiquitous in modern CPUs and is usually an underutilized resource. It allows us to detect bit-flips in hardware by a simple comparison of two copies under the assumption that only one copy is affected by a fault. We implemented this idea as a source-to-source compiler which performs hardening of a program on the source code level. The evaluation of our several implementations shows that it is beneficial to use it for applications that are dominated by arithmetic or logical operations, but those that have more control-flow or memory operations are actually performing better with the regular instruction replication. For example, we managed to get only 15% performance overhead on Fast Fourier Transformation benchmark, which is dominated by arithmetic instructions, but memory-access-dominated Dijkstra algorithm has shown a high overhead of 200%.

Cu2ZnSnSSe4 (CZTSSe) est un matériau prometteur comme absorbant de cellules photovoltaïques. Le développement à grande échelle de cellules solaires CZTSSe est conditionné au développement de procédés bas coût et soucieux de l'environnement. Dans ce contexte, le développement de films de CZTSSe à partir d'encres tout aqueuses de nanoparticules de CZTS constitue un challenge intéressant. Une stratégie haute température en présence d'un agent texturant gaz a été définie pour synthétiser des nanocristaux de CZTS présentant des surfaces polaires. Notre procédé agent texturant gaz met en œuvre la formation simultanée de nucléis de CZTS et de bulles de gaz. Nous montrons que la production en conditions de forte sursaturation d'une très forte concentration de nucléis de CZTS en association à un très grand nombre de petites bulles de gaz représente les conditions optimales de formation de nanocristaux. Par une étude électrocinétique, une condensation régulée par la taille de l'ion alcalin est observée dans la série des alcalins Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+, démontrant la stabilité chimique des surfaces de Cu2ZnSnS4 en dispersion toute aqueuse. Par mise en œuvre des dispersions tout aqueuses, nous avons réalisé l'acquisition de données de base permettant de produire une preuve de concept de la formation d'un film sans fissures. Un autre point important à considérer lors de l'utilisation de matières premières bas coût est l'élimination des impuretés inhibitrices de la croissance des grains. Un profil spécifique de recuit des films est proposé mettant en œuvre une purification haute température pour l'élimination du carbone. En effet, notre stratégie met en œuvre la décomposition des domaines amorphes en carbone sp2 qui est ultérieurement éliminé via la formation de CSe2 gazeux. Finalement, des cellules solaires ont été fabriquées avec succès à partir d'encres tout aqueuses avec des rendements de conversion préliminaires jusqu'à 2,6 %. / Recently more attention is devoted to Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTSSe) for photovoltaic applications due to their non-toxic, earth-abundant components and good optoelectronic properties. Large scale fabrication of CZTSSe solar cells will rely on the development of low-cost and environmentally-friendly approach. In this context, development of CZTSSe films from all-aqueous CZTS nanocrystals inks represents an interesting challenge. A high temperature, gas-templating strategy has been defined to synthesize highly crystallized CZTS nanocrystals displaying polar surfaces. Our gas-templating process involves the simultaneous formation of CZTS nucleis and gas bubbles. We demonstrate that production of a high rate of small gas bubbles, as well as a high concentration of nucleis, depict optimal conditions for nanocrystal synthesis. By an electrokinetic investigation, a condensation regulation by the alkali ion size is observed in the alkali series Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+, demonstrating the chemical stability of CZTS surfaces in aqueous basic dispersions. By using all-aqueous chalcogenide nanocrystals dispersions, we determined a critical cracking thickness of 250 nm and an average thickness of 100 nm to fabricate micron crack-free films using a multilayer procedure. Having in mind these results, we give the proof of concept of crack-free film formation from all aqueous CZTS nanocrystals inks. Another important consideration, when employing low-cost materials, is the removal of impurities, inhibitors of grain growth. A specific annealing profile is proposed involving a high temperature purification step in order to remove carbon. Indeed, our strategy involves the decomposition of amorphous domains into sp2 carbon which will be further removed via the CSe2gas formation. Finally, CZTSSe solar cells are successfully fabricated from all-aqueous CZTS inks with preliminary devices efficiencies up of 2.6%.

The general tendency in modern hardware is an increase in fault rates, which is caused by the decreased operation voltages and feature sizes. Previously, the issue of hardware faults was mainly approached only in high-availability enterprise servers and in safety-critical applications, such as transport or aerospace domains. These fields generally have very tight requirements, but also higher budgets. However, as fault rates are increasing, fault tolerance solutions are starting to be also required in applications that have much smaller profit margins. This brings to the front the idea of software-implemented hardware fault tolerance, that is, the ability to detect and tolerate hardware faults using software-based techniques in commodity CPUs, which allows to get resilience almost for free. Current solutions, however, are lacking in performance, even though they show quite good fault tolerance results. This thesis explores the idea of using the Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) technology for executing all program\'s operations on two copies of the same data. This idea is based on the observation that SIMD is ubiquitous in modern CPUs and is usually an underutilized resource. It allows us to detect bit-flips in hardware by a simple comparison of two copies under the assumption that only one copy is affected by a fault. We implemented this idea as a source-to-source compiler which performs hardening of a program on the source code level. The evaluation of our several implementations shows that it is beneficial to use it for applications that are dominated by arithmetic or logical operations, but those that have more control-flow or memory operations are actually performing better with the regular instruction replication. For example, we managed to get only 15% performance overhead on Fast Fourier Transformation benchmark, which is dominated by arithmetic instructions, but memory-access-dominated Dijkstra algorithm has shown a high overhead of 200%.

No description available.

The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the differences between family and non-family businesses that are listed on the stock exchange, more specifically which factors that is being used in the valuation process and why family businesses as a rule seem to be undervalued. We also look at if family ownership is a factor in this process. By conducting interviews with analysts and journalists working with valuation we hope to be able to not only find out what factors differ but also why family busi-nesses are undervalued. Our conclusion is that while the two forms of ownership has several negative factors that differ between them that are more common among family businesses, such as conservative dividend policy, this is not connected to the family business as a form but is rather an individual factor differing from company to company. Family ownership as such was however not in any way a factor in the valuation since the valuations instead looks at the individual company and does not generalize.

<p>The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the differences between family and non-family businesses that are listed on the stock exchange, more specifically which factors that is being used in the valuation process and why family businesses as a rule seem to be undervalued. We also look at if family ownership is a factor in this process.</p><p>By conducting interviews with analysts and journalists working with valuation we hope to be able to not only find out what factors differ but also why family busi-nesses are undervalued.</p><p>Our conclusion is that while the two forms of ownership has several negative factors that differ between them that are more common among family businesses, such as conservative dividend policy, this is not connected to the family business as a form but is rather an individual factor differing from company to company. Family ownership as such was however not in any way a factor in the valuation since the valuations instead looks at the individual company and does not generalize.</p>

所謂的SSE (Symmetric Searchable Encryption;對稱式可搜尋加密)就是將自己的資料用自己的密鑰加密外包放在一個網路或雲端上的資料庫DB，存放期間使用者能保有向DB搜尋資料的能力，而DB仍然可以在不知道資料明文的情況下，把使用者所欲搜尋的資料回傳給他。2013年林峻立等學者針對上述的雲端環境，提出了具動態維護及合取關鍵字搜尋之無連結性密文搜尋機制，此方案利用SSE的方式能讓雲端上的伺服器快速搜尋到所提交的關鍵字相關檔案，但此方案所提出之協議仍有安全上的弱點。因此，在此篇論文中，我們基於此方案，分析其安全性漏洞，並在兼顧安全性與低成本的特性下，提出新的SSE搜尋機制。

L’ESS porte en elle des promesses de développement et d'émancipation citoyenne à l'échelle des territoires et des sociétés (Eynaud 2015 ; Laville, 2016 ; Laville, Young et Eynaud, 2015 ; Valéau, 2016). L'objectif général de cette thèse est de tenter de mieux comprendre ce qui permet le changement d'échelle de l'économie sociale et solidaire (ESS), c'est-à-dire l'institutionnalisation de logiques économiques, sociales et solidaires pérennes portée par les acteurs agissant en réseau. Suivant une démarche qualitative de type théorisation ancrée, sur la base de l'approche établie par Desjeux (2004), nous avons procédé à une analyse chronologique du cas de La Réunion de 2000 à 2016. L'analyse des articulations entre lesniveaux macro, micro et méso socioéconomiques nous a permis de mettre en évidence les changements dans les relations entre ces échelles et le caractère contingent des possibilités d'action institutionnelle en réseau. / SSE bears the promise of socioeconomic development and citizen emancipation at the territorial and societal level (Eynaud 2015; Laville, 2016; Laville, Young & Eynaud, 2015; Valéau, 2016). The overall objective of this dissertation is to better understand the factors that allow SSE to operate on a larger scale, i.e. institutionalizing sustainable social and solidarity rationality promoted by actors gathering in networks. Based on qualitative grounded theory, drawing on Dejeux’s (2004) method, we provide a chronological analysis of the case of Reunion from 2000 to 2016. The examination of the articulation between macro, micro and meso socioeconomic levels highlights the changes in in the relationships between them and the contingent nature of the possibility for networks to take institutional action.