Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century portraits from the Italian peninsula that depict women with keyboard instruments have been discussed as an apparent trend by feminist art historians and musicologists. While the connection between these portraits and the well-known iconography of the musical St. Cecilia has been noted, the association between keyboard instruments and the female body has been less frequently explored. In this study, I use methodologies from feminist theory and gender studies, most notably gender performativity, in order to explore how an artist's dialogue between the portrait subject and her instrument creates and is created by complex relationships ingrained by the dominant patriarchal structures that circumscribed women's lives at the time. To realize these interpretive goals, I have chosen two paintings that are less often discussed in art historical and musicological literature: the self-portrait attributed to Marietta Robusti, and St. Cecilia Playing the Keyboard in the style of Artemisia Gentileschi.

This thesis gives an overreaching, detailed analysis of how the Anglo-Saxon cult of St Guthlac of Crowland developed from its modest origins in the eighth century to its summit in the early thirteenth century. It attempts to elucidate the reasons why and how an isolated fenland hermit became the object of widespread veneration instead of drifting into obscurity. In order to consider these reasons, fourteen materials have been chosen from the substantial and varied dossier of surviving Guthlacian materials, to elucidate particular phases or stages in this cult’s development. Ultimately, this thesis considers the function, dissemination, interaction and reception of materials indicative of each author’s adaptation of their subject matter for their patron(s) and audience, and in response to a changing ecclesiastical context. Its central argument is that the adaptability and popular appeal of the Guthlac narrative enabled this cult to benefit from lay support prior to the foundation of a monastic community at Crowland, possibly as late as three hundred years after the saint’s death. This thesis is organized into seven chapters which respectively contribute to a holistic analysis of cult development. Following the introduction, chapter two seeks to draw attention to the variety and import of the Guthlac dossier through an analysis of the historiography relating to their dating, origins and provenance. The purpose of this chapter is to establish a chronology and identify fourteen materials which will be used to define different developmental stages; the Origins, Vernacular Variations, Norman Developments and Longchamp Revival, in subsequent chapters. The third chapter uses a variety of sources to reconstruct Crowland’s historical geography and landscape in order to determine how this context initially and over time affected the development of the cult. It argues that there is no evidence to support that Crowland was chosen as anything other than a site for ascetic retreat within borderlands, both perceived and actual, and that this choice provided substantial challenges to our perception of a cult’s requirements, though none that were insurmountable. Chapter four will proceed onwards to the dossier itself in order to consider how the Guthlac narrative was adapted in response to the changing ecclesiastical contexts defined in chapter three. An analysis of the sources used by these authors and the alterations which they made indicate that there were elements to these texts that were best understood and appreciated by a literate audience, that was likely exclusively monastic. In fact, the authors who were creating new Latin compositions for abbots of Crowland in the years following the Norman Conquest were less and less concerned with creating a text which could be easily comprehended by those with sparse Latin abilities and source knowledge, than they were with meeting the changing needs of successive abbots at Crowland and their progressive designs for the cult. There were nevertheless, other atypical elements found within the origins and vernacular variations phases which are not resolved by this interpretation. Subsequently, chapters five and six explain the social relevance of the heroic and visionary aspects of the Guthlac legend according to contemporary attitudes and accounts. Overall, it will be shown that the cult of St Guthlac of Crowland benefitted from the popular appeal this legend garnered early on, for this enabled it to remain adaptable and relevant until Crowland could take over, with variable results, the propagation of the cult.

This paper investigates the advantages and disadvantages of the use of e-mail to obtain agreement between two parties with overlapping but also conflicting interests. The literature on Media Richness suggests that e-mail is too lean to facilitate agreement; but all supporting evidence stems from homogenous populations. This paper, however, starts from the hypothesis that in connection with lingua franca interaction, the text format provides advantages for parties that need to think how to phrase an argument. However, the evidence provided from a negotiation task performed by international business students indicates that, while there is a distinct advantage in the feature of reviewability, the text format itself also poses a problem because it allows selective attention. / Series: WU Online Papers in International Business Communication / Series One: Intercultural Communication and Language Learning

Ordinary theology is a developing concept focusing on people’s explicit religious beliefs, and relying on anecdotal evidence and other academic writers to bridge the gap with academy theology. It has influenced empirical studies of ordinary people’s experience with the Bible, doctrine and cathedral visiting. A feminist qualitative ethnographic study and action research provide other voices as alternatives to this empiricism. Theologians-in-the-arts have appropriated art to illustrate their academic theology. This thesis takes further the use of a visual image, with a recently commissioned non-figurative designed window, by a female Iranian-born artist, in an well-known London church. It enquires how far a non-specific doctrinal and non-narrative window encourages wider public participation in meaning making and metaphor generation, challenging the current static concept of ordinary theology. An interpretative paradigm with perspectives from constructivism, phenomenology, and hermeneutics shapes an inductive and qualitative approach to give attention to regular worshippers and visitors. A visual ethnographic method elicits data through semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, and journal writing. Adopting a ‘lay’ outsider participant role during the fieldwork, unstructured situational interviews with passers-by, street traders and church staff were also undertaken. Interpretive lenses of framing, the pastoral cycle, ethnomethodology, and nitty-gritty hermeneutics assisted in analysing the data. The window attracted a high degree of participation, engaging people in reflection. Over 85% of participants were professional/university and technically educated and competent in academic disciplines other than theology. The respondents initially made non-religious statements challenging ordinary theology, which focussed on explicit religion. When respondents viewed it a second time, they used religious concepts. The analysis led to the construction of ordinary portraits constructed of previously not heard voices and challenged the earlier faces of academic partners. The window is a dialogically framed ‘lived experience’ breaking the ‘is’ of metaphor and the gestalt law of closure. This research explores the ‘is not’ of metaphor. It explores the relationship of image, metaphor and concept by focussing on window parts; the images of centre, line and web. The window becomes both a working metaphor and a model of working metaphors extensively used by these participants. Ordinary theology discovers through feminist metaphorical theology that concepts are metaphorical, focusing on both dissimilarities and similarities. The window as a visual image provides an opportunity to extend the concept and metaphor of ordinary theology. It invites academic professionals to an intensive fieldwork experience using a visual image to rediscover a general process of reflection and to reveal people’s indirect and implicit metaphorical ordinary theology.

We have developed a regional mass balance model for the St. Lawrence River near Cornwall, Ontario that describes the fate and transport of mercury in three forms, elemental mercury (Hg0), divalent mercury (Hg2+), and methyl mercury (MeHg), in a five compartment environment (air, water, sediments, periphyton, and benthos). Our first objective was to construct a steady-state mass balance model to determine the dominant sources and sinks of mercury in this environment. Our second objective was to construct a dynamic mass balance model to predict and hindcast mercury concentrations in this environment. We compiled mercury concentrations, fluxes, and transformation rates from previous studies completed in this section of the river to develop the model in STELLA®. The inflow of mercury was the major source to this system, accounting for 0.42 mol month-1, or 95.5% of all mercury inputs, whereas outflow was 0.28 mol month-1, or 63.6% of all losses, and sediment deposition was 0.12 mol month-1, or 27.3% of all losses. The dynamic mass balance model provides estimated results that are consistent with measured data and predicts historical local industrial emissions to be approximately 400 kg year-1. Uncertainty estimates were greatest for advective fluxes in surface water, porewater, periphyton, and benthic invertebrates. This model is useful for predicting and hindcasting mercury concentrations in other aquatic environments because it contains the three main environmental compartments, all forms of mercury, and compartments (e.g. periphyton) not included in previous mercury multi-media models.

The St. Lawrence Platform (SLP) and Humber Zone (HZ) of the southern Quebec Appalachians has historically been explored as a potential hydrocarbon reservoir. Extensive vitrinite reflectance studies on the basin resolved the degree of thermal maturation yet the timing of the thermal maximum is not well undertood. Determining the timing of such low temperature events can allow for a better understanding of the shallow crustal processes that may have allowed for the generation and entrapment of oil and gas. We have employed apatite (AHe) and zircon (ZHe) (U-Th)/He thermochronmetry across a network of late Cambrian to late Ordovician siliciclastic and Grenvillian basement samples in order to resolve the history within the ~210-35°C window. Single crustal dates from individual samples show age dispersion by as much as 300 m.y. with a strong positive to negative correlation with increasing eU concentration. A similar positive correlation can be observed when significant intra-sample grain size variation is present. AHe and ZHe data in the southwestern portion of the basin, near Montreal, allow for thermal maxima of up to 200°C to occur either during the late Ordovician, as a result of the Taconic orogeny, or from the continued sedimentation into the Devonian as a result of the Acadian orogeny. Regional burial trends deduced from these thermal maxima along with local paleo-geothermal gradients indicate that if sedimentation continued after the late Ordovician there was no significant increase in burial in southwestern portion of the SLP as previously suggested. Maximum heating is followed by a protracted cooling through the ZHe partial retention zone (PRZ) into the late Jurassic and early Cretaceous where the cooling rate increases by an order of magnitude through the AHe PRZ until ca. 100 Ma. The timing of this accelerated cooling is coeval with the passage of the Great Meteor Hot Spot across the area; the cooling may be a result of increased erosion from thermal uplift. Within the HZ, both the external and internal sections experienced rapid cooling through the Silurian after the Taconic thermal maximum. The timing of relatively rapid cooling coincides with documented normal faulting and back-thrusting in the orogen, which is the likely cause of exhumation. The HZ witnessed protracted cooling through the late Jurassic, when there is a one order of magnitude increase in cooling rate until surface conditions are attained. Increased recognition of these low temperature events has augmented our understanding of the evolution of accretionary orogens and consequently reduces the risks associated with oil and gas exploration.

From 1868-1917 the St. Louis Public Schools (SLPS) underwent a formative period. SLPS was shaped primarily by professional administrators working in a transnational education community and responses to their philosophies and policies by both white and African American women teachers, members of the African American community, and students themselves. While SLPS strove to include increasing numbers of students in their schools, their practices ultimately kept groups of students separated from one another and reinforced the racial, economic, gender, and ability-based divisions in society. The philosophies and practices developed by SLPS during this period influenced education world-wide, including the use of industrial education in colonial situations.

Die Menge an in Computernetzwerken verarbeiteten Daten steigt stetig, was Netzwerkgeräte wie Switches, Bridges, Router und Firewalls vor Herausfordungen stellt. Die Performance der verbreiteten, CPU/softwarebasierten Ansätze für die Implementierung dieser Aufgaben ist durch den inhärenten Overhead in der sequentiellen Datenverarbeitung limitiert, weshalb solche Funktionalitäten vermehrt auf dedizierten Hardwarebausteinen realisiert werden. Diese bieten eine schnelle, parallele Verarbeitung mit niedriger Latenz, sind allerdings aufwendiger in der Entwicklung und weniger flexibel. Nicht jede Anwendung kann zudem für parallele Verarbeitung optimiert werden. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit hybriden Ansätzen, um eine bessere Ausnutzung der jeweiligen Stärken von Soft- und Hardwaresystemen zu ermöglichen, mit Schwerpunkt auf der Paketklassifikation. Es wird eine Firewall realisiert, die sowohl Flexibilität und Analysetiefe einer Software-Firewall als auch Durchsatz und Latenz einer Hardware-Firewall erreicht. Der Ansatz wird auf einem Standard-Rechnersystem, welches für die Hardware-Klassifikation mit einem rekonfigurierbaren Logikbaustein (FPGA) ergänzt wird, evaluiert. Eine wesentliche Herausforderung einer hybriden Firewall ist die Identifikation von Abhängigkeiten im Regelsatz. Es werden Ansätze vorgestellt, welche den redundanten Klassifikationsaufwand auf ein Minimum reduzieren, wie etwa die Wiederverwendung von Teilergebnissen der hybriden Klassifikatoren oder eine exakte Abhängigkeitsanalyse mittels Header Space Analysis. Für weitere Problemstellungen im Bereich der hardwarebasierten Paketklassifikation, wie dynamisch konfigurierbare Filterungsschaltkreise und schnelle, sichere Hashfunktionen für Lookups, werden Machbarkeit und Optimierungen evaluiert. Der hybride Ansatz wird im Weiteren auf ein System mit einer SDN-Komponente statt einer FPGA-Erweiterung übertragen. Auch hiermit können signifikante Performancegewinne erreicht werden. / Network devices like switches, bridges, routers, and firewalls are subject to a continuous development to keep up with ever-rising requirements. As the overhead of software network processing already became the performance-limiting factor for a variety of applications, also former software functions are shifted towards dedicated network processing hardware. Although such application-specific circuits allow fast, parallel, and low latency processing, they require expensive and time-consuming development with minimal possibilities for adaptions. Security can also be a major concern, as these circuits are virtually a black box for the user. Moreover, the highly parallel processing capabilities of specialized hardware are not necessarily an advantage for all kinds of tasks in network processing, where sometimes a classical CPU is better suited. This work introduces and evaluates concepts for building hybrid hardware-software-systems that exploit the advantages of both hardware and software approaches in order to achieve performant, flexible, and versatile network processing and packet classification systems. The approaches are evaluated on standard software systems, extended by a programmable hardware circuit (FPGA) to provide full control and flexibility. One key achievement of this work is the identification and mitigation of challenges inherent when a hybrid combination of multiple packet classification circuits with different characteristics is used. We introduce approaches to reduce redundant classification effort to a minimum, like re-usage of intermediate classification results and determination of dependencies by header space analysis. In addition, for some further challenges in hardware based packet classification like filtering circuits with dynamic updates and fast hash functions for lookups, we describe feasibility and optimizations. At last, the hybrid approach is evaluated using a standard SDN switch instead of the FPGA accelerator to prove portability.

This project aims to create a new, pleasant and lively public space in St. Clara churchyard in the heart of Stockholm. It seems despite of crucial location and unique atmosphere that the church has, the churchyard is not properly used. Therefore, through a consensus approach, public opinions about the project were obtained. According to these opinions and by the help of theoretical resources, new interventions were proposed. Despite of high percentage of negative opinions against the project before beginning of the project, high percentage of responders showed their satisfaction about the project at the end.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka anledningarna till slaveriets avskaffande på den svenska kolonin St. Barthélemy mellan åren 1813–1847. För att undersöka avskaffandeprocessen har en diskursanalys tillämpats för att belysa de idéer, tankar och influenser som kom att påverka avskaffandet. För detta ändamål har riksdagshandlingar, protokoll, brevkorrespondens, dagstidningar och övrigt källmaterial gåtts igenom.Undersökningens resultat visar att diskursen i Sverige rörande varför den svenska statsmakten valde att avskaffa slaveriet och senare avhända St. Barthélemy tillbaka till Frankrike är mångskiftande och nyanserade. Under sent 1700–tal och tidigt 1800–tal hade de ekonomiska aspekterna av St. Barthélemy som svensk koloni diskuterats och ön kom att betraktas som en belastning för den svenska kronan. Vidare fanns det också under denna tid internationella flöden och påtryckningar, primärt från engelskt håll, vad gäller att avskaffa och frigöra slavar. Dessa påtryckningar hade påverkat svenska politiker och intellektuella. Inte minst präglades också riksdagsdebatten om slaveriets avskaffande på ön St. Barthélemy av ekonomiska, humanitära och internationella influenser. Sammantaget mynnade detta ut i att riksdagen bestämde att slavarna skulle friköpas och år 1847 proklamerade Sverige att slaveriet på den svenska kolonin hade avskaffats.