Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century portraits from the Italian peninsula that depict women with keyboard instruments have been discussed as an apparent trend by feminist art historians and musicologists. While the connection between these portraits and the well-known iconography of the musical St. Cecilia has been noted, the association between keyboard instruments and the female body has been less frequently explored. In this study, I use methodologies from feminist theory and gender studies, most notably gender performativity, in order to explore how an artist's dialogue between the portrait subject and her instrument creates and is created by complex relationships ingrained by the dominant patriarchal structures that circumscribed women's lives at the time. To realize these interpretive goals, I have chosen two paintings that are less often discussed in art historical and musicological literature: the self-portrait attributed to Marietta Robusti, and St. Cecilia Playing the Keyboard in the style of Artemisia Gentileschi.

La presente tesi di dottorato ha come obiettivo centrale quello di comprendere come la pittrice Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654) si è inserita ed ha svolto il suo lavoro in alcune delle città europee dove c’erano più finanziamenti per le arti plastiche, come Roma, Firenze, Venezia, Napoli, e Londra nella prima metà del XVII secolo, e quello di analizzare le varie costruzioni di sé e le rappresentazioni del femminile nelle sue corrispondenze epistolari e nella sua opera pittorica. A questo fine, saranno utilizzate fonti scritte, che ci permettono di indagare sulla traiettoria di vita di Artemisia, sul suo lavoro come pittrice in diverse aree della penisola italiana e dell’Europa; e fonti visuali, che mostrano la dimensione della sua opera pittorica in generi diversi, come per esempio i temi della tradizione veterotestamentaria, storici, mitologici, ritratti, autoritratti. Le fonti rivelano la permanenza di Artemisia in diversi spazi di consumo delle immagini, in ritagli di regno, vice regni, ducati, repubbliche, così come in luoghi gestiti da figure ecclesiastiche e tra rilevanti collezionisti privati con i quali negoziò. In questo senso, l’utilizzo dei concetti di rappresentazione e di genere furono cardinali per la tesi e contribuirono ad evidenziare il dialogo della pittrice con la cultura dell’epoca ed il suo lascito nella storia dell’arte/pittura, così come i conflitti messi in moto dall’artista di fronte alle questioni di genere vigenti al tempo. / A presente tese de doutorado tem como objetivo central entender como a pintora Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654) se inseriu e atuou em algumas das cidades europeias em que mais havia o financiamento das artes plásticas, como Roma, Florença, Veneza, Nápoles e Londres, na primeira metade do século XVII; e analisar as construções de si e representações do feminino em suas correspondências e em sua obra pictórica. Para tal, utilizamos fontes escritas, que nos permitiram problematizar a trajetória de vida de Artemisia, assim como sua atuação como pintora em diferentes regiões da península italiana e da Europa; e fontes visuais, que dão a ver a dimensão de sua obra em diferentes gêneros, a exemplo dos temas da tradição veterotestamentária, históricos, mitológicos, retratos e autorretratos. As fontes revelam a permanência de Artemisia em diferentes espaços de consumo de imagens, em cortes de reinos, vice-reinos, ducados e repúblicas, bem como nos lugares administrados por figuras do clero e entre relevantes colecionadores particulares com os quais negociou. Nesse sentido, os usos dos conceitos de representação e gênero foram norteadores para a tese e contribuíram para evidenciar os diálogos da pintora com a cultura de sua época e seu legado para a história da arte/pintura, bem como os embates travados pela artista frente às questões de gênero vigentes em seu tempo. / The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to understand how the painter Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654), in the first half of the 17th century, was inserted and acted in some of the European cities where there was more financing of plastic arts, such as Rome, Florence, Venice, Naples and London; and analyze the constructions of self and representations of the feminine in her correspondence and pictorial work. For that, we used written sources, which allowed us to problematize the life trajectory of Artemisia, her work as a painter in different regions of the Italian peninsula and Europe; and visual sources, which make it possible to visualize the dimension of her pictorial work in different genres, such as the themes of the Old Testament tradition, historical, mythological, portraits and self-portraits. The sources reveal the permanence of Artemisia in different spaces of consumption of images, courts of kingdoms, viceroys, duchies, republics, as well as in the places administered by figures of the clergy and among the relevant private collectors with whom she negotiated. In this sense, the uses of the concepts of representation and gender were guiding the thesis and contributed to highlight the dialogues of the painter with the culture of her time and her legacy to the history of art / painting, as well as the clashes waged by the artist regarding the gender issues in force in her time.

La presente tesi di dottorato ha come obiettivo centrale quello di comprendere come la pittrice Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654) si è inserita ed ha svolto il suo lavoro in alcune delle città europee dove c’erano più finanziamenti per le arti plastiche, come Roma, Firenze, Venezia, Napoli, e Londra nella prima metà del XVII secolo, e quello di analizzare le varie costruzioni di sé e le rappresentazioni del femminile nelle sue corrispondenze epistolari e nella sua opera pittorica. A questo fine, saranno utilizzate fonti scritte, che ci permettono di indagare sulla traiettoria di vita di Artemisia, sul suo lavoro come pittrice in diverse aree della penisola italiana e dell’Europa; e fonti visuali, che mostrano la dimensione della sua opera pittorica in generi diversi, come per esempio i temi della tradizione veterotestamentaria, storici, mitologici, ritratti, autoritratti. Le fonti rivelano la permanenza di Artemisia in diversi spazi di consumo delle immagini, in ritagli di regno, vice regni, ducati, repubbliche, così come in luoghi gestiti da figure ecclesiastiche e tra rilevanti collezionisti privati con i quali negoziò. In questo senso, l’utilizzo dei concetti di rappresentazione e di genere furono cardinali per la tesi e contribuirono ad evidenziare il dialogo della pittrice con la cultura dell’epoca ed il suo lascito nella storia dell’arte/pittura, così come i conflitti messi in moto dall’artista di fronte alle questioni di genere vigenti al tempo. / A presente tese de doutorado tem como objetivo central entender como a pintora Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654) se inseriu e atuou em algumas das cidades europeias em que mais havia o financiamento das artes plásticas, como Roma, Florença, Veneza, Nápoles e Londres, na primeira metade do século XVII; e analisar as construções de si e representações do feminino em suas correspondências e em sua obra pictórica. Para tal, utilizamos fontes escritas, que nos permitiram problematizar a trajetória de vida de Artemisia, assim como sua atuação como pintora em diferentes regiões da península italiana e da Europa; e fontes visuais, que dão a ver a dimensão de sua obra em diferentes gêneros, a exemplo dos temas da tradição veterotestamentária, históricos, mitológicos, retratos e autorretratos. As fontes revelam a permanência de Artemisia em diferentes espaços de consumo de imagens, em cortes de reinos, vice-reinos, ducados e repúblicas, bem como nos lugares administrados por figuras do clero e entre relevantes colecionadores particulares com os quais negociou. Nesse sentido, os usos dos conceitos de representação e gênero foram norteadores para a tese e contribuíram para evidenciar os diálogos da pintora com a cultura de sua época e seu legado para a história da arte/pintura, bem como os embates travados pela artista frente às questões de gênero vigentes em seu tempo. / The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to understand how the painter Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654), in the first half of the 17th century, was inserted and acted in some of the European cities where there was more financing of plastic arts, such as Rome, Florence, Venice, Naples and London; and analyze the constructions of self and representations of the feminine in her correspondence and pictorial work. For that, we used written sources, which allowed us to problematize the life trajectory of Artemisia, her work as a painter in different regions of the Italian peninsula and Europe; and visual sources, which make it possible to visualize the dimension of her pictorial work in different genres, such as the themes of the Old Testament tradition, historical, mythological, portraits and self-portraits. The sources reveal the permanence of Artemisia in different spaces of consumption of images, courts of kingdoms, viceroys, duchies, republics, as well as in the places administered by figures of the clergy and among the relevant private collectors with whom she negotiated. In this sense, the uses of the concepts of representation and gender were guiding the thesis and contributed to highlight the dialogues of the painter with the culture of her time and her legacy to the history of art / painting, as well as the clashes waged by the artist regarding the gender issues in force in her time.

La presente tesi di dottorato ha come obiettivo centrale quello di comprendere come la pittrice Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654) si è inserita ed ha svolto il suo lavoro in alcune delle città europee dove c’erano più finanziamenti per le arti plastiche, come Roma, Firenze, Venezia, Napoli, e Londra nella prima metà del XVII secolo, e quello di analizzare le varie costruzioni di sé e le rappresentazioni del femminile nelle sue corrispondenze epistolari e nella sua opera pittorica. A questo fine, saranno utilizzate fonti scritte, che ci permettono di indagare sulla traiettoria di vita di Artemisia, sul suo lavoro come pittrice in diverse aree della penisola italiana e dell’Europa; e fonti visuali, che mostrano la dimensione della sua opera pittorica in generi diversi, come per esempio i temi della tradizione veterotestamentaria, storici, mitologici, ritratti, autoritratti. Le fonti rivelano la permanenza di Artemisia in diversi spazi di consumo delle immagini, in ritagli di regno, vice regni, ducati, repubbliche, così come in luoghi gestiti da figure ecclesiastiche e tra rilevanti collezionisti privati con i quali negoziò. In questo senso, l’utilizzo dei concetti di rappresentazione e di genere furono cardinali per la tesi e contribuirono ad evidenziare il dialogo della pittrice con la cultura dell’epoca ed il suo lascito nella storia dell’arte/pittura, così come i conflitti messi in moto dall’artista di fronte alle questioni di genere vigenti al tempo. / A presente tese de doutorado tem como objetivo central entender como a pintora Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654) se inseriu e atuou em algumas das cidades europeias em que mais havia o financiamento das artes plásticas, como Roma, Florença, Veneza, Nápoles e Londres, na primeira metade do século XVII; e analisar as construções de si e representações do feminino em suas correspondências e em sua obra pictórica. Para tal, utilizamos fontes escritas, que nos permitiram problematizar a trajetória de vida de Artemisia, assim como sua atuação como pintora em diferentes regiões da península italiana e da Europa; e fontes visuais, que dão a ver a dimensão de sua obra em diferentes gêneros, a exemplo dos temas da tradição veterotestamentária, históricos, mitológicos, retratos e autorretratos. As fontes revelam a permanência de Artemisia em diferentes espaços de consumo de imagens, em cortes de reinos, vice-reinos, ducados e repúblicas, bem como nos lugares administrados por figuras do clero e entre relevantes colecionadores particulares com os quais negociou. Nesse sentido, os usos dos conceitos de representação e gênero foram norteadores para a tese e contribuíram para evidenciar os diálogos da pintora com a cultura de sua época e seu legado para a história da arte/pintura, bem como os embates travados pela artista frente às questões de gênero vigentes em seu tempo. / The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to understand how the painter Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1654), in the first half of the 17th century, was inserted and acted in some of the European cities where there was more financing of plastic arts, such as Rome, Florence, Venice, Naples and London; and analyze the constructions of self and representations of the feminine in her correspondence and pictorial work. For that, we used written sources, which allowed us to problematize the life trajectory of Artemisia, her work as a painter in different regions of the Italian peninsula and Europe; and visual sources, which make it possible to visualize the dimension of her pictorial work in different genres, such as the themes of the Old Testament tradition, historical, mythological, portraits and self-portraits. The sources reveal the permanence of Artemisia in different spaces of consumption of images, courts of kingdoms, viceroys, duchies, republics, as well as in the places administered by figures of the clergy and among the relevant private collectors with whom she negotiated. In this sense, the uses of the concepts of representation and gender were guiding the thesis and contributed to highlight the dialogues of the painter with the culture of her time and her legacy to the history of art / painting, as well as the clashes waged by the artist regarding the gender issues in force in her time.

No description available.

Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposé au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / L’exposition Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi : Father and Daughter Painters in Baroque Italy se tint au Metropolitan Museum of Art à New York du 14 février au 12 mai 2002. De tout ce qui fut écrit en lien avec cet événement, il ressort deux tendances principales. Tandis que certains clament la prééminence d’Orazio Gentileschi sur sa fille en se basant sur le message véhiculé tant dans l’exposition que dans son catalogue, d’autres, rassemblés autour des féministes, remettent en question cette vision en relevant les partis-pris culturels jouant en défaveur des femmes. Le jumelage expositionnel constitue un événement muséal temporaire dans lequel deux artistes sont juxtaposés afin de faciliter un jugement comparatif. Parmi les épisodes récents de cette nature, on compte notamment Matisse-Picasso. Nous nous pencherons ensuite sur deux artistes issus d'une même famille, mais appartenant à deux générations différentes, à savoir : Orazio et Artemisia Gentileschi. En relation avec l’exposition qui leur fut dédiée en 2002, nous nous demanderons plus précisément comment la prédominance que désiraient accorder les commissaires à Orazio Gentileschi s'articule devant la célébrité affirmée d’Artemisia depuis 1916. Le dossier critique de l'événement servira de point de départ à notre étude. Toute exposition constituant un discours, nous analyserons les commentaires et critiques provenant tant des revues savantes que populaires. La théorie de la réception de Stuart Hall aidera à catégoriser les différentes interventions selon qu'elles appartiennent au code hégémonique, c'est-à-dire à la vision exprimée par les commissaires, au code oppositionnel, correspondant ici à la critique féministe, ou encore au code négocié qui représente une synthèse des deux tendances précédemment mentionnées. / Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi: Father and Daughter Painters in Baroque Italy took place at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York from 14 February 14 to 12 May 2002. Of all that was written about the event, two main tendencies stand out. While some claim Orazio’s preeminence by basing their assumption on both the exhibition and its catalogue, feminists call into question this assumption by drawing attention to cultural biases that disfavor women’s artistic recognition. The exhibitional pairing formula constitutes an extension of this phenomenon by allowing the public to make up their own judgement. Among recent episodes of that nature, we can think of Matisse-Picasso. We are also going to study two artists of the same family, to wit, Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi. Relative to the exhibition dedicated to them in 2002, we are going to ask ourselves how Orazio’s dominance defended by the two exhibition organizers is articulated with Artemisa’s celebrity. The critical dossier of the event will serve as the starting point of our analysis. Considering that every exhibition constitutes a discourse, we are going to examine both popular and academic comments and critiques of the event. Stuart Hall’s reception theory is also going to assist us in determining if these interventions belong to the exhibition curators’ dominant code, the feminist critique’s oppositional code or the negotiated code that represents a blend of the former two positions.

L’exposition Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi : Father and Daughter Painters in Baroque Italy se tint au Metropolitan Museum of Art à New York du 14 février au 12 mai 2002. De tout ce qui fut écrit en lien avec cet événement, il ressort deux tendances principales. Tandis que certains clament la prééminence d’Orazio Gentileschi sur sa fille en se basant sur le message véhiculé tant dans l’exposition que dans son catalogue, d’autres, rassemblés autour des féministes, remettent en question cette vision en relevant les partis-pris culturels jouant en défaveur des femmes. Le jumelage expositionnel constitue un événement muséal temporaire dans lequel deux artistes sont juxtaposés afin de faciliter un jugement comparatif. Parmi les épisodes récents de cette nature, on compte notamment Matisse-Picasso. Nous nous pencherons ensuite sur deux artistes issus d'une même famille, mais appartenant à deux générations différentes, à savoir : Orazio et Artemisia Gentileschi. En relation avec l’exposition qui leur fut dédiée en 2002, nous nous demanderons plus précisément comment la prédominance que désiraient accorder les commissaires à Orazio Gentileschi s'articule devant la célébrité affirmée d’Artemisia depuis 1916. Le dossier critique de l'événement servira de point de départ à notre étude. Toute exposition constituant un discours, nous analyserons les commentaires et critiques provenant tant des revues savantes que populaires. La théorie de la réception de Stuart Hall aidera à catégoriser les différentes interventions selon qu'elles appartiennent au code hégémonique, c'est-à-dire à la vision exprimée par les commissaires, au code oppositionnel, correspondant ici à la critique féministe, ou encore au code négocié qui représente une synthèse des deux tendances précédemment mentionnées. / Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi: Father and Daughter Painters in Baroque Italy took place at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York from 14 February 14 to 12 May 2002. Of all that was written about the event, two main tendencies stand out. While some claim Orazio’s preeminence by basing their assumption on both the exhibition and its catalogue, feminists call into question this assumption by drawing attention to cultural biases that disfavor women’s artistic recognition. The exhibitional pairing formula constitutes an extension of this phenomenon by allowing the public to make up their own judgement. Among recent episodes of that nature, we can think of Matisse-Picasso. We are also going to study two artists of the same family, to wit, Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi. Relative to the exhibition dedicated to them in 2002, we are going to ask ourselves how Orazio’s dominance defended by the two exhibition organizers is articulated with Artemisa’s celebrity. The critical dossier of the event will serve as the starting point of our analysis. Considering that every exhibition constitutes a discourse, we are going to examine both popular and academic comments and critiques of the event. Stuart Hall’s reception theory is also going to assist us in determining if these interventions belong to the exhibition curators’ dominant code, the feminist critique’s oppositional code or the negotiated code that represents a blend of the former two positions. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposé au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mon travail cherche à mettre en valeur la richesse de la Scuola Napoletana du XVIIème siècle (qui prend vie après les deux séjours du Caravage à Naples, entre 1606 et 1610). L'art napolitain est injustement sous-estimé ; la première moitié du Seicento est pourtant extrêmement importante puisque Naples est le seul centre artistique qui continue à considérer le caravagisme comme une force vitale de la peinture, et ce jusqu'en 1656 (année de la Grande Pestequi emporte avec elle les derniers peintres d'"origine" caravagesque). Je mets donc en exergue la période méridionale du Caravage (qui est trop souvent délaissée par rapport à sa période romaine), ainsi que l'extrême diversité des peintres caravagesques qui composent le milieu artistique napolitain, unis par une passion commune pour le langage du Caravage mais dont l'expression artistique intègre peu à peu d'autres influences. Le caravagisme méridional se distingue par son polymorphisme et par la diversité des influences extérieures avec lesquelles les artistes enrichissent leur caravagisme originel : si les premiers naturalistes (tels que Battistello) restent toujours fidèles au Maître, nombreux sont ceux qui suivront le courant ribéresque (Ribera, Fracanzano, le Maître de l'Annonce aux Bergers...) qui se caractérisepar sa portée sociale. Mais, parallèlement, certains peintres tissent des liens entre caravagisme et classicisme (Stanzione, Guarino), tandis que d'autres se focalisent sur un caravagisme narratif (Artemisia Gentileschi est réputée pour son talent de storyteller) ; dans le domaine chromatique, de nombreux artistes (dont Pietro Novelli ou Ribera) succombent au néovénétisme et au vandyckianisme en vogue à partir des années 1630. Enfin, le caravagisme se fait plus raffiné avec Bernardo Cavallino, qui apparaît comme un précurseur du goût rococo, tandis que l'oeuvre de Mattia Preti oscille entre caravagisme et baroque. / The aim of this work is to emphasize the richness of the Scuola Napoletana in the 17th Century (after it came to life following Caravaggio†s two stays in Naples between 1606 and 1610). Neapolitan art does not get the appreciation it deserves, and yet the first half of the Seicento was an extremely important period as Naples was the only major artistic centre where Caravaggism was still a driving force of painting, and would do so until 1656 (the year of the Great Plague that wiped out the last "original" Caravaggesque painters). I am therefore emphasizing Caravaggio†s Southern period, which is all too often neglected as compared to his Roman period, as well as the great diversity of Caravaggesque painters making up the artistic milieu in Naples, united by a shared passion for Caravaggio's language but progressively incorporating other influences into their artistic expression. Southern Caravaggism stands out because of its polymorphism and the highly diverse outer influences with which these artists enhance their original Caravaggism: while the first naturalists, such as Battistello, are always true to the Master, many will follow into Ribera's footsteps (Ribera,Fracanzano, the Master of the Announcement to the Shepherds...) and adopt a more socially oriented stance. At the same time, some painters draw links between Caravaggism and Classicism (Stanzione, Guarino), while others focus on narrative Caravaggism (Artemisia Gentileschi is famed for the storytelling talent). In the field of colour, many artists (including Pietro Novelli and Ribera) yield to the Neo-venetism or Vandyckianism that were fashionable as of the 1630†s. Finally,Caravaggism becomes more refined with Bernardo Cavallino, who appears to be a precursor of Rococo taste, while Mattia Preti balances on the verge between Caravaggism and Barocco.

No description available.