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This project aims to create a new, pleasant and lively public space in St. Clara churchyard in the heart of Stockholm. It seems despite of crucial location and unique atmosphere that the church has, the churchyard is not properly used. Therefore, through a consensus approach, public opinions about the project were obtained. According to these opinions and by the help of theoretical resources, new interventions were proposed. Despite of high percentage of negative opinions against the project before beginning of the project, high percentage of responders showed their satisfaction about the project at the end.

This study focuses on the poetic temperament of Thomas Gray and considers his Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard as representative of a change in sensibility which took place roughly in the last half of the eighteenth century. The first chapter considers the literary and biographical influences on the author's changing aesthetic sensibility. The second chapter concerns the early life and education of Gray and his friendship with Walpole and West. The third chapter is a study of the Elegy itself and how it represents the poetic and aesthetic ideas of the author and the age in which he lived. In the concluding chapter Gray is considered as a transitional figure whose work embodies unresolved tensions between the Neoclassic and the Romantic.

Thomas Churchyard served his country as a soldier and a poet, and he was the only poet besides Edmund Spenser to earn a pension from Queen Elizabeth I. Churchyard maintained a very active literary career: he began publishing during the reign of King Edward VI and continued to do so through the first year of King James I’s reign. Churchyard uses his poetry as a mirror to reflect his preoccupation with the moral fabric of his society. In order to understand Churchyard’s didactic tendencies, readers must become familiar with his poem A Praise of Poetrie, for this poem explores his theory of poetry and the duty of poets to entertain and to teach their readers. He composes poems of different genres, such as the country house poem (the earliest known example of this genre in English), fable, fabliau, and friendship poems, to entertain his audience while he simultaneously teaches them the virtues of charity and temperance.

Sigtuna is one of the first settlements in Sweden considered to be a proper town. Taking over Birka´s function as a central trading hub when it was founded in the late 10th century AD, Sigtuna was characterized by its early connection to Christianity, and many churches were built there. The foundations of one of these medieval stone churches and its churchyard lie beneath Sigtuna museum’s plot on the block S: t Gertrud 3. However, the full extent of this church and churchyard as well as its foundation date and function is not fully known. The over-arching purpose of this study is to achieve a better understanding of this church’s function. This will be done by geochemically analysing soil samples taken from the museum plot under which the churchyard is located. The first aim of this study is to establish the extent of the churchyard. During excavations carried out between 1990- 1991 in the neighbouring block Urmakaren, archaeologists discovered the remains of King Olof Skötkonung’s minting house along with various finds, notably two lead pieces with imprints of coin stamps. The second aim of this study is to see if traces of these metalworking activities can be detected on the museum plot. The third aim is to see how the church and churchyard related to the minting house on a spatial plane.

Yes

This thesis aims to analyse six different churches around Gotland and to answer whether they were built by private farms or by the collective effort from near-situated farms. By exploringthis, further conclusions can be made regarding the placement of the churches and the involvement of larger farms. The source material consists of churches from six Gotlandic parishes and farms from every chosen parish and other building of interest, like the medieval defence towers.The thesis timeframe is primarily from the early 12th century to the middle of the 14th. But later periods are also the focus since the placement of churches and farms are all based on maps depicting the parishes during the late 17th and early 18th centuries.Since this is a spatial analysis much of the methods are based on the usage of GIS (Geographich information system), but a big focus is also on analysing the churches themselves and things as inscriptions. As this subject has been discussed by many researchers, the theory is very much based on earlier studies made by people like Anders Andrén, Tryggve Siltberg and Sven-Olof Lindquist.The churches in Bunge, Sundre and Stenkyrka was determined to be private built by possible larger farms and had many similarities with other areas in Scandinavia. Anga, Stånga and Eskelhem was more likely to be a collaborative effort made by all of the parish’sfarms. / Syftet är att analysera sex medeltida kyrkor runt Gotland och svara på frågan om de var privat eller kollektivt byggda av socknens gårdar. Genom att utforska frågan om byggansvariga kan vidare slutsatser dras över deras placering i landskapet samt storgårdars involvering i kyrkobygget Källmaterialet utgörs av sex gotländska kyrkor samt gårdar och andra byggnader av intresse som de medeltida kastalerna. Uppsatsens tidsperiod utgörs främst av perioden från tidigt 1100-tal och fram till mitten av 1300-talet. Men senare perioder har delvis också ett fokus då kyrkorna och gårdarnas placeringar grundar sig i kartor som föreställer socknarna under sent 1700- och tidigt 1800-tal. Då det här mycket är en rumslig analys grundar sig många av metoderna på användandet av GIS (Geografiskt informationssystem). Men ett stort fokus ligger även på att analysera själva kyrkorna och tillhörande delar som väginskrifter. Då det här är ämne som diskuterats av många forskare grundar sig teorin mycket på tidigare forskning gjord av forskare som Anders Andrén, Tryggve Siltberg och Sven-Olof Lindquist. Kyrkorna I Bunge, Sundre och Stenkyrka bedömdes vara privatbyggda, möjligen av storgårda och de delade flera likheter med kyrkobygge i andra områden av Skandinavien. Anga, Stånga och Eskelhem ansågs istället vara kollektivt byggda av samtliga gårdar i socknarna.