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Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This study examined the encoding accuracy and decoding accuracy of individual speakers and audience members as predictors of the accuracy with which public speaking anxiety is communicated during speech performance. Previous research revealed that audiences tend to underestimate the state anxiety of public speakers and that a low-to-moderate, positive correlation exists between speaker self-report and audience-observed state public speaking anxiety. Two divergent theoretical perspectives, differential information processing and emotional communication processes, were proposed as explanations for this phenomenon. Predictors for each perspective were estimated by Kenny's 1988 Social Relations Model (SRM). The study was conducted at a large metropolitan community college in the southwest region of the United States. Eighty subjects (40 males and 40 females) delivered two brief speeches before audiences of 20 fellow classmates. Immediately following each speech, speakers reported their state public speaking anxiety on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory A-State (STAI A-State). Audience members recorded their observations of speaker state anxiety on an audience version of the STAI A-State. Correlations between speaker self-report and audience-perceived state public speaking anxiety served as the estimate of judgment accuracy. The full SRM explained 65.7% of the variance in communication accuracy. Actor effects, the most powerful predictor of communication accuracy, accounted for 49.5% of the variance. The interaction of actor and partner effects accounted for approximately 10% of the variance. A surprisingly low (5% of the variance) degree of accuracy was attributable to audience decoding skills. Interpretation of the findings and suggestions for future research are presented.

Actuellement interprétée par des musiciens spécialisés, la musique du Moyen Âge subit un processus de décontextualisation et de recontextualisation qui la mène du cloître ou du château vers la salle de spectacle. Cette thèse tente d’approcher cette problématique par le biais de l’analyse. En prenant l’exemple de Rose tres bele, création pluridisciplinaire de l’ensemble Diabolus in Musica, il s’agit de comprendre comment les spécificités musicales et poétiques d’un pan du répertoire médiéval, en l’occurrence la lyrique féminine en langue d’oïl, induisent une organisation spécifique des différents éléments du spectacle, en particulier les corps et le dispositif dans lequel ils prennent place.Le premier chapitre présente le matériau médiéval, poèmes, musiques, images, utilisé dans le spectacle.Le second chapitre en décrit le déroulement, sous-tendu par les poèmes chantés, dont les textes constituent un véritable fil conducteur pour la représentation. Leur analyse permet de distinguer des particularités poétiques éclairantes pour le spectacle : celui-ci se fonde sur les lieux communs de la poésie courtoise ainsi que sur la notion bien particulière de personnage que celle-ci construit. Cette analyse littéraire débouche, au troisième chapitre, sur une analyse du spectacle proprement dit, notamment en ce qui concerne la relation texte-image. Le quatrième chapitre envisage les enjeux esthétiques de la pluridisciplinarité dans cette création. Il revient notamment sur la question du corps et de son rapport à l’écriture. Le cinquième chapitre retrace la filiation médiévalisante de Rose tres bele, dans une perspective allant du XIIIème au XXIème siècle en passant par le XIXème. / Medieval Music, currently performed by specialist musicians, undergoes a process of decontexutalization and recontextualization. This PHD attempts to approach such problematics through analysis. Rose tres bele is a newly devised pluridisciplinary show by the ensemble Diabolus in Musica that presents one aspect of the Medieval repertoire, the female voice in langue d’oil Medieval lyric. Through its case study, this thesis tries to understand the ways in which the specific musical and poetic elements of this genre induce a specific organization of the different performance elements, particularly in terms of physicality and of the configuration the physical bodies take in space. The first chapter introduces the medieval material: poems, music, images used in performance. The second chapter gives the show’s structure, underpinned by the sung poems, whose texts establish a real narrative line for the performance. The analysis of these poems allows one to single out characteristic poetic elements that shed some insight into the performance. The performance is based on the conventions of courtly poetry, as well as on the specific notions of characterization this poetry expresses. This literary analysis leads to an analysis, in the third chapter, of the show itself, particularly as far as the text-image relationship is concerned. The fourth chapter considers the aesthetic issues raised by this devised show’s pluridisciplinarity. The chapter goes back, notably, to the question of physicality and its relationship to writing. The fifth chapter retraces the origins of Rose tres bele’s Medieval aesthetic, in an overview that goes from 13th. to 21rst century and includes 19th. century.

The work described in this thesis aims to conduct a systematic study of the two stage turbocharging system to improve the Diesel engine transient performance as well as NOX and CO2 emissions with a focus on the improved turbocharger matching and the control of the charging system, through the use of high fidelity engine models backed by experimental results. To perform the analytical study, commercial 1D simulation software has been used in the process of system characterisation and control strategy design. To validate the analytical results, a two stage turbocharging system was installed on a production diesel engine and tested on a transient engine test bench. The test results were then used to further calibrate the 1D engine/turbocharger model. Several other technologies were also investigated in simulation to explore their potential to further improve the system. Unlike most studies in the literature, this project focused on the system benefit of the engine and turbochargers, instead of conducting optimisation solely at the component level. The engine global parameters, such as the engine fuel consumption, emission levels and the transient response were the main parameters to be considered and were also best suited to the strengths of the 1D simulation method. The interactive use of both the analytical and experimental methods was also a strong point of this study. A novel control strategy for the system was proposed and demonstrated in the simulation. Experiments confirmed the validity of this control strategy and provided data for further model calibration. The comparison of the test results of the baseline engine to those obtained with the two stage turbocharged engine system verified the benefits of the novel turbocharging arrangement and control scheme. Transient response (T1090) was improved, with a 50% faster torque rise at 1000 rpm; the fuel consumption over the NEDC was 4% lower and NOx emissions over the NEDC were 28% lower. In the meantime, the study also revealed shortcomings of the system, such as the lack of EGR control at low speed, low load condition and a mid-speed fuel consumption deterioration of 13% on average at 3000 rpm due to excessive back pressure. With a novel 1D model corroborated using test results, exploratory simulation was done to rectify the aforementioned shortcomings and to further improve the system. Simulation results showed that by implementing VGT and ball bearing technology in the high pressure stage of the two stage system, the EGR controllability at low speed was regained and the excessive back pressure at high speed was improved. Consequently, the fuel consumption was only increased by 1.3% compared to the baseline NEDC operation and the transient response was on par with the original two stage system, with only 0.05s slower in torque rise at 1000 rpm, and still 48% faster than the baseline VGT system. Furthermore, the NOx emission can be expected to be greatly improved in the upcoming more intensive drive cycles compared to the NEDC cycle, with simulation showing NEDC NOX emissions dropped by 1%, comparing to a substantial reduction of 11% in WLTC.

Previous research has shown that the productivity of sows housed in an Electronic Sow Feeding (ESF) system is affected by the housing management (static vs. dynamic), stage of gestation at mixing and parity. Familiarity has also been shown to affect the behaviour of group-housed sows. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to determine how the previously mentioned social factors affect the behaviour, physiology and productivity of sows housed in an ESF system. Sows were regrouped into either the static and dynamic pens. Within an introduction group, a subgroup of up to 24 focals sows was observed. The focal sows were chosen based on whether they were mixed pre vs. post-implantation (<12 vs. >46 days post-breeding), familiar vs. unfamiliar with group mates and parity (1st vs. 2nd and 3rd vs. 4th +). Aggression at mixing and at the feeder, injury scores, feeder entry order, space usage, salivary cortisol and farrowing productivity was recorded. The data was analyzed using Proc-Mixed and the General Model for SAS. Housing did not have a significant effect on the any of the parameters examined. Young sows had significantly more piglets born alive when housed in a dynamic system, while old sows had more piglets born alive when housed in a static system (p=0.03). Pre-implant sows initiated more aggressive encounters than post-implant sows (p=0.01). Post-implant sows ate later in the feeding cycle (p=0.03), rested on the slats more (p<0.001) and had higher salivary cortisol concentrations (p=0.0008). However, the cortisol concentrations increased throughout gestation for all sows (p<0.001). Familiarity did not have an effect on any of the variables examined except, familiar sows spent more time lying against the wall (p=0.03) and unfamiliar sows spent more time lying in the centre of the solid area of the pen (p=0.02). Old sows were involved in more aggressive encounters (p=0.04), spent more time fighting at mixing (p=0.02) and laid against the wall more (p<0.001). Young sows tended to received more scratches (p=0.07), ate later in the feeding cycle (p<0.001) and spent more time lying on the slats (p<0.001). Intermediate sows had significantly lower salivary cortisol concentrations (p=0.003). There was not a difference between the static and dynamic management systems. Sows should not be mixed until after embryonic implantation because they are more docile. The intermediate sows underwent the least amount of social stress due to their intermediate position within the dominance hierarchy.