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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Ein bronzezeitlicher Familienclan als genetisches Archiv – Morphologisch-paläogenetische Bearbeitung des Skelettkollektivs aus der Lichtensteinhöhle / A Bronze Age family clan as genetic archive – Morphological-paleogenetical analysis of the skeletal remains from the Lichtenstein Cave

Seidenberg, Verena 29 September 2016 (has links)
Die Lichtensteinhöhle ist eine Klufthöhle im Berg Lichtenstein in den Harzausläufern. Im anthropogenen Teil der Höhle wurden größere Mengen disoloziert vorliegender Menschenknochen gefunden. Über assoziierte archäologische Artefakte und 14C-Datierungen erfolgte eine Einordnung ins 10.–9. Jh. v. Chr.. Aufgrund eines Überzuges mit Gipssinter und konstant niedriger Temperaturen war ein herausragend guter Erhaltungszustand der Knochen und der enthaltenen aDNA gegeben. Dies ermöglichte umfangreiche anthropologische Forschungsarbeiten an den menschlichen Überresten aus der Lichtensteinhöhle. Eine zentrale Fragestellung zu Beginn der Forschungsarbeiten war, ob es sich um eine Opferstätte oder einen Bestattungsplatz handelt. Es konnte für die zunächst identifizierten 40 Individuen ein ausgewogenes Geschlechterverhältnis und eine Altersverteilung über alle Altersklassen hinweg nachgewiesen werden. Zudem konnten mittels molekulargenetischer Methoden verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen zwischen den Individuen aufgedeckt werden. Die Verwandtschaftsrekonstruktion ergab den Stammbaum eines Familienclans. Damit lagen eindeutige Hinweise für eine Nutzung als Bestattungsplatz vor. Während molekulargenetischer Reihenuntersuchungen verschiedener Skelettelemente und morphologischer Zuordnungen von Skelettelementen zu Individuen wurde deutlich, dass Knochen von mehr Individuen als den 40 bislang identifizierten vorhanden waren. Zudem deutete sich an, dass für nahezu alle Individuen nicht alle Knochen in der Höhle aufgefunden worden waren. Das Fehlen von Skelettelementen warf die Frage auf, ob es sich bei der Lichtensteinhöhle nicht um einen Primär- sondern um einen Sekundärbestattungsplatz handeln könnte. Im aktuell durchgeführten Forschungsprojekt wurden, unter Verwendung morphologischer und molekulargenetischer Methoden, die Zuordnungen der dislozierten Knochen zu Individuen zu Ende geführt. Die rekonstruierten Individuen wurden umfassend morphologisch und molekulargenetisch untersucht, mit dem Ziel, die demografische Struktur der Population zu erschließen und die Verwandtschaftsrekonstruktion auszuweiten. Zudem wurde den Fragen der Nutzungsdauer und der genauen Nutzungsart der Höhle nachgegangen. Es konnten 60 Individuen identifiziert werden. Nur für zwei der Individuen wurden alle bei den Zuordnungen berücksichtigten Skelettelemente vorgefunden. An den Knochen zeigten sich nur wenige Fälle degenerativer Veränderungen. Dies ließ darauf schließen, dass die in der Lichtensteinhöhle bestatteten Menschen nicht übermäßig harter körperlicher Belastung ausgesetzt waren. Spuren massiver Gewalteinwirkung fehlten vollständig. Dies macht es unwahrscheinlich, dass die bestattete Population in kriegerische Auseinandersetzungen involviert war. Einige wenige verheilte Frakturen an Rippen oder Schlüsselbein lassen sich problemlos auf Alltagsunfälle zurückführen. Spuren von Mangel- oder Stressphasen waren nur in Einzelfällen nachweisbar. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die Bestatteten zu Lebzeiten kontinuierlichen Zugang zu ausreichenden Nahrungsressourcen hatten. Das Geschlechterverhältnis war ausgewogen und die Altersverteilung entsprach in den Grundzügen der für eine historische Population zu erwartenden. Eine fesgestellte Unterrepräsentanz von Individuen der Altersklasse Infans I könnte als Hinweis darauf interpretiert werden, dass tatsächlich Sekundärbestattungen praktiziert wurden und die sehr kleinen, fragilen Knochen der Infans I Individuen zum Zeitpunkt der Umbettungen bereits vergangen waren. In begleitenden Arbeiten durchgeführte statistischen Analysen verschiedener Merkmale, wie z.B. Unterschiede im Grad der DNA-Degradierung, lieferten weitere Hinweise in die Richtung, dass es sich bei der Lichtensteinhöhle um einen Sekundärbestattungsplatz handeln dürfte. Für alle neu identifizierten Inividuen wurden mittels molekulargenetischer Analysen die genetischen Fingerabdrücke sowie die mitochondraialen und Y-chromosomalen Haplotypen bestimmt. Die anschließende Verwandtschaftsrekonstruktion ergab einen erweiterten Stammbaum, in dem für 47 der 60 Individuen entweder direkte Verwandtschaft oder aber Verwandtschaft in mütterlicher oder väterlicher Familienlinie belegt ist. Der Stammbaum umfasst insgesamt sechs Generationen. Dies entspricht – bei einer angenommenen Generationendauer von 20 Jahren – einer Nutzungsdauer von 120 Jahren und passt somit gut zum archäologisch ermittelten Nutzungszeitraum. Die Auswertung der Diversität der mitochondrialen und Y-chromosomalen Haplotypen ergab Hinweise auf eine patrilokale Gesellschaftsform. In begleitenden Arbeiten wurden weitere genetische Marker – z.B. für die Augen- und Haarpigmentierung, die immungenetische Ausstattung oder auch für den Laktosetoleranzstatus – analysiert. Insgesamt zeigte sich, dass sich in vielerlei Hinsicht die genetische Ausstattung heutiger Populationen im Vergleich zu der vor 3.000 Jahren nicht grundlegend unterscheidet. Lediglich für die Frequenz des Laktosetoleranz verursachenden Allels war eine deutliche Zunahme seit der Bronzezeit zu verzeichnen.
92

Estudios electrorretinográficos en modelos de neurodegeneración en el sistema visual del roedor adulto

Alarcón Martínez, Luis 23 October 2009 (has links)
Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas cursan con la degeneración y muerte de las neuronas las cuales son incapaces de suplir su propia muerte. Debido a esta característica enfermedades como el Alzheimer, el Parkinson o el Glaucoma no tienen cura en la actualidad. La retina es una proyección del sistema nervioso central (SNC) encapsulada en el globo ocular y aislada del resto del SNC, lo que la hace fácilmente accesible a la manipulación experimental. En este trabajo estudiamos las alteraciones funcionales de la retina con el electrorretinograma de campo completo (ERG), técnica basada en el registro de la respuesta eléctrica retiniana tras la presentación de un estímulo de luz homogéneo. Así hemos estudiado los efectos de la sección del nervio, del aumento de presión intraocular y de la fototoxicidad, dichas lesiones afectan selectivamente a determinadas poblaciones neuronales retinianas e imitan enfermedades neurodegenerativas como el Glaucoma o la Degeneración Macular Asociada a la Edad. / Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by degeneration and death of neurons which are unable to recover after a given insult, thus impairing functional recuperation. Because of this, there is no cure for diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson or Glaucoma. The retina is a projection of the central nervous system (CNS) located in the eye and therefore, isolated from the rest of the CNS. This makes the retina a very good model for experimental manipulation. In this work we have studied the functional changes in the retina by full field electroretinograme (ERG). This technique records the electric response of the retina after presentation of homogeneous light stimuli. We have studied the effects that optic nerve sections, increase of the intraocular pressure and phototoxicity have on ERG recordings. These lesions impair selectively certain retinal neuronal populations and imitate neurodegenerative diseases as Glaucoma or Age-related Macular Degeneration.
93

Characterisation of Eight Non-Codis Ministrs in Four South African Populations to Aid The Analysis of Degraded Dna.

Ismail, Aneesah. January 2009 (has links)
<p>In many forensic cases, such as mass disasters reconstruction cases, the recovered DNA is highly degraded. In such incidences, typing of STR loci has become one of the most powerful tools for retrieving information from the degraded DNA. However, as DNA degradation proceeds, three phenomena occur consecutively: loci imbalance, allele dropout and no amplification. To solve the problem of degraded DNA, redesigned primer sets have been developed in which the primers were positioned as close as possible to the STR repeat region. These reduced primer sets were called Miniplexes. Unfortunately, a few of the CODIS STR loci cannot be made into smaller amplicons. For this reason non-CODIS miniSTRs have been developed. The present study was undertaken for the population genetic analysis of microsatellite variation in four South African populations / Afrikaner, Xhosa, Mixed Ancestry and Asian Indian using eight non-CODIS miniSTR loci. These miniSTRs loci were characterized within the populations by estimating the levels of diversity of the markers, estimating the population genetic parameters, and studying the inter-population relationships. All of the miniSTRs were amplified successfully and the genetic variability parameters across all loci in Afrikaner, Mixed Ancestry, Asian Indian and Xhosa were estimated to be in the range of 3 (D4S2364) to 12 (D9S2157) alleles, the total number of alleles over all loci ranged from 100 to 204, the allelic richness ranged from 3.612 to 10.307 and the heterozygosity ranged from 0.4360 to 0.8073. Genetic distance was least between Afrikaner and Asian Indian and highest between Xhosa and Mixed Ancestry. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were not observed for most of the loci. The low mean FIS (-0.027) and FIT (-0.010) and FST (0.017) values across the populations indicated low level of inbreeding within (FIS) and among (FST) the populations. The Asian Indian population showed higher levels of the inbreeding coefficient, indicating less gene exchange between it and other populations. These 8 markers can be used for genetic investigations and assessing population structure. The study contributed to the knowledge and genetic characterization of four South African populations. In addition, these MiniSTRs prove to be useful in cases where more genetic information is needed.</p>
94

Characterisation of Eight Non-Codis Ministrs in Four South African Populations to Aid The Analysis of Degraded Dna.

Ismail, Aneesah. January 2009 (has links)
<p>In many forensic cases, such as mass disasters reconstruction cases, the recovered DNA is highly degraded. In such incidences, typing of STR loci has become one of the most powerful tools for retrieving information from the degraded DNA. However, as DNA degradation proceeds, three phenomena occur consecutively: loci imbalance, allele dropout and no amplification. To solve the problem of degraded DNA, redesigned primer sets have been developed in which the primers were positioned as close as possible to the STR repeat region. These reduced primer sets were called Miniplexes. Unfortunately, a few of the CODIS STR loci cannot be made into smaller amplicons. For this reason non-CODIS miniSTRs have been developed. The present study was undertaken for the population genetic analysis of microsatellite variation in four South African populations / Afrikaner, Xhosa, Mixed Ancestry and Asian Indian using eight non-CODIS miniSTR loci. These miniSTRs loci were characterized within the populations by estimating the levels of diversity of the markers, estimating the population genetic parameters, and studying the inter-population relationships. All of the miniSTRs were amplified successfully and the genetic variability parameters across all loci in Afrikaner, Mixed Ancestry, Asian Indian and Xhosa were estimated to be in the range of 3 (D4S2364) to 12 (D9S2157) alleles, the total number of alleles over all loci ranged from 100 to 204, the allelic richness ranged from 3.612 to 10.307 and the heterozygosity ranged from 0.4360 to 0.8073. Genetic distance was least between Afrikaner and Asian Indian and highest between Xhosa and Mixed Ancestry. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were not observed for most of the loci. The low mean FIS (-0.027) and FIT (-0.010) and FST (0.017) values across the populations indicated low level of inbreeding within (FIS) and among (FST) the populations. The Asian Indian population showed higher levels of the inbreeding coefficient, indicating less gene exchange between it and other populations. These 8 markers can be used for genetic investigations and assessing population structure. The study contributed to the knowledge and genetic characterization of four South African populations. In addition, these MiniSTRs prove to be useful in cases where more genetic information is needed.</p>
95

Characterisation of eight non-codis Ministrs in four South African populations to aid the analysis of degraded DNA

Ismail, Aneesah January 2009 (has links)
Magister Scientiae - MSc / In many forensic cases, such as mass disasters reconstruction cases, the recovered DNA is highly degraded. In such incidences, typing of STR loci has become one of the most powerful tools for retrieving information from the degraded DNA. However, as DNA degradation proceeds, three phenomena occur consecutively: loci imbalance, allele dropout and no amplification. To solve the problem of degraded DNA, redesigned primer sets have been developed in which the primers were positioned as close as possible to the STR repeat region. These reduced primer sets were called Miniplexes. Unfortunately, a few of the CODIS STR loci cannot be made into smaller amplicons. For this reason non-CODIS miniSTRs have been developed. The present study was undertaken for the population genetic analysis of microsatellite variation in four South African populations; Afrikaner, Xhosa, Mixed Ancestry and Asian Indian using eight non-CODIS miniSTR loci. These miniSTRs loci were characterized within the populations by estimating the levels of diversity of the markers, estimating the population genetic parameters, and studying the inter-population relationships. All of the miniSTRs were amplified successfully and the genetic variability parameters across all loci in Afrikaner, Mixed Ancestry, Asian Indian and Xhosa were estimated to be in the range of 3 (D4S2364) to 12 (D9S2157) alleles, the total number of alleles over all loci ranged from 100 to 204, the allelic richness ranged from 3.612 to 10.307 and the heterozygosity ranged from 0.4360 to 0.8073. Genetic distance was least between Afrikaner and Asian Indian and highest between Xhosa and Mixed Ancestry. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were not observed for most of the loci. The low mean FIS (-0.027) and FIT (-0.010) and FST (0.017) values across the populations indicated low level of inbreeding within (FIS) and among (FST) the populations. The Asian Indian population showed higher levels of the inbreeding coefficient, indicating less gene exchange between it and other populations. These 8 markers can be used for genetic investigations and assessing population structure. The study contributed to the knowledge and genetic characterization of four South African populations. In addition, these MiniSTRs prove to be useful in cases where more genetic information is needed. / South Africa
96

Evaluation of storage conditions on DNA used for forensic STR analysis

Beach, Lisa Renae January 2014 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is currently the most common method for processing biological forensic evidence. STRs are highly polymorphic and allow for a strong statistical power of discrimination when comparing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples. Since sample testing and court proceedings occur months, if not years apart, samples must be stored appropriately in the event additional testing is needed. There are generally accepted methods to store DNA extracts long-term; however, one universally recognized method does not exist. The goal of this project was to examine various methods of storage and make recommendations for a universal storage method that maintained DNA integrity over time. Four variables were evaluated: storage buffer, storage temperature, initial storage concentration and the effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles. DNA quantity was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and DNA quality was evaluated using STR genotyping. Overall, the Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer outperformed nuclease free water as a long-term storage buffer for DNA extracts. Stock tubes stabilized concentration better than single use aliquots when eluted with TE while tube type was not significant when water was the buffer. For samples stored in TE, temperature had no effect on DNA integrity over time, but samples stored in water were largely affected at room temperature. Additionally, the greater the initial DNA concentration, the less likely it was to degrade in water. As a result of this research, DNA extracts from forensic samples should be stored long-term in TE buffer with a minimum concentration of 0.1 ng/μL. When water is the buffer, frozen storage is recommended.
97

New Biomimetic Analogues of Functional [2Fe-2S] Proteins / Neue biomimetische Analoga von funktionellen [2Fe-2S] Proteinen

Ballmann, Hans Joachim 29 October 2008 (has links)
No description available.
98

Biomimetic and Theoretic Investigations of Unusual Iron-Sulphur Clusters / Biomimetische und Theoretische Untersuchungen ungewöhnlicher Eisen-Schwefel-Cluster

Fuchs, Michael Günther Georg 21 October 2009 (has links)
No description available.
99

Pyrazolat-liganden mit zwei facial tridentaten Koordinationstaschen - Metallkomplexe und erste Reaktivitätsuntersuchungen / Pyrazole based ligands with two facial tridentate coordination pockets - metal complexes and first investigations of reactivity

Müller, Holger 01 November 2007 (has links)
No description available.
100

Justification of restrictions on imports or exports of goods on the grounds of the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants / Importo ir eksporto prekių ribojimo pagrįstumo sąlygos žmonių, gyvūnų ar augalų sveikatos bei gyvybės apsaugos tikslais

Kunak, Juraj 05 February 2013 (has links)
The present master thesis provides the reader with overall and detailed review of jurisdiction of the CJEU in correlation with primary and secondary law of the European Union regarding justification of restrictions on imports or exports of goods on the grounds of the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants pursuant to the art.36 of TFEU. The very first part deals with the essence of the free movement goods. It explains the concept of the prohibition on custom duties on imports and exports and charges having equivalent effect and quantitative restrictions on imports and exports and all measures having equivalent effect. Simultaneously this part demonstrates the application of the art.36 of TFEU and presents mandatory requirements and their purpose. The second part clarifies the concept of goods according to the European Union law, examples and provides proper definition. The third part presents the core of the thesis. It is subdivided into more than 10 parts. It contains explanations regarding principle of proportionality, protection of health and life of humans, total bans, precautionary principle, sufficiently rigorous risk assessment doctrine, protection of health and life of animals, prohibition on use, labeling requirements, or protection of the environment. The most relevant and most widely-known cases were chosen and analyzed in order to present the approach of the CJEU to the disputable measures and their justifications. / Šis baigiamasis magistro darbas suteikia skaitytojui bendrą, visaapimančią ir išsamią ESTT jurisdikcijos apžvalgą dėl importo ir eksporto prekių ribojimo pagrįstumo sąlygų žmonių, gyvūnų ar augalų sveikatos bei gyvybės apsaugos tikslais pagal SESV 36 straipsnį, remiantis pirminiais bei antriniais Europos Sąjungos teisės aktais. Pirmojoje dalyje kalbama apie laisvo prekių judėjimo esmę. Čia paaiškinama importo ir eksporto muitų bei lygiaverčio poveikio mokėjimų bei kiekybinių importo ir eksporto apribojimų bei lygiaverčio poveikio priemonių draudimo koncepcija. Taip pat, ši dalis pademonstruoja SESV 36 str. veikimą, pabrėžiant privalomuosius reikalavimus bei jų tikslus. Antrojoje dalis paaiškina prekių sampratą remiantis Europos Sąjungos teise,pateikia pavyzdžių bei deramą apibrėžimą. Trečiojoje dalyje pateiktas baigiamojo magistro darbo pagrindas. Ši dalis yra suskirstyta į daugiau kaip 10 dalių. Čia yra sutelkti paaiškinimai dėl proporcingumo principo, žmonių sveikatos ir gyvybės apsaugos, visiško draudimo, atsargumo principo, pakankamai griežtos rizikos vertinimo doktrinos, gyvūnų sveikatos ir gyvybės apsaugos, naudojimo draudimo, ženklinimo reikalavimų bei aplinkos apsaugos. Siekiant pristatyti ESTT požiūrį į abejotinas priemones bei ribojimo pagrįstumo sąlygas yra analizuojamios aktualiausios ir plačiausiai žinomos bylos.

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