No description available.

No description available.

Strontiumtitanat ist ein häufig untersuchtes Oxidmaterial, mit einem breiten Anwen- dungsgebiet z.B. in der Photokatalyse oder auch als Substratmaterial beim Wachstum ande- rer Oxidschichten. Dabei spielen chemische Prozesse an der Oberfläche eine herausragende Rolle, deren Kenntnis für eine tieferes Verständnis der genannten Anwendungen unentbehrlich ist. Darüberhinaus gibt es deutliche Hinweise darauf, dass diese Oberflächenprozesse sehr stark, u.a. von Wasserstoff und Wasser beeinflußt werden. Sowohl wegen der Relevanz als auch wegen der technischen Machbarkeit, stellt eine Untersuchung des Adsorptionsverhaltens von Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff mit Hilfe der Dichtefunktionaltheorie einen natürlichen Ausgangspunkt dar, um genaue Einblicke in die Prozesse auf der Oberfläche auf atomare Ebene zu gewinnen. Bei der Adsorption des Sauerstoffs und des Wassers ist gleichermaßen auffällig, dass die Bindungsenergien sehr stark durch langreichweitige Verzerrungen im Substratgitter beeinflußt werden, welche damit eine effektive repulsive Wechselwirkung der adsorbierten Spezies bewirken. Adsorbierte Sauerstoffatome bilden mit jeweils einem Sauerstoffatom des Subtrats ein „Quasi-Peroxid-anion“, wodurch das adsorbierte Sauerstoffatom einen Gitterplatz einnimmt, der nicht einem Sauerstoffplatz des Perovskitgitters entspricht. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden bei allen untersuchten atomaren Konfigurationen, die Wasser und Hydroxylgruppen enthielten, beobachtet, dass sich hier die adsorbierten Sauerstoffatome an den Plätzen des forgesetzten Perovskitgitters befinden. Bemerkenswert ist die spontane Dissoziation und Bildung eines Hydroxylpaares auf der Strontiumoxidterminierung während des Adsorption des Wassermoleküls. Auf der Titandioxidterminierung hingegen werden abhängig von der Bedeckung Wassermoleküle und Hydroxylgruppen beobachtet. Die Energetik, die diesem Verhalten zugrunde liegt, zeigt sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit den experimen- tellen Beobachtungen von Iwahori und Kollegen. / Strontium titanate is an extensively studied material with a wide range of application, for instance in photo-catalysis and most importantly, it is used as a substrate in growth of functional oxides. The surface chemistry is crucial and hence understanding the surface structure on atomic scale is essential for gaining insight into the fundamental processes in the aforementioned applications. Moreover, there exist a lot of evidence that this surface chemistry might be controlled to considerably by extrinsic species, such as residual hydrogen and water. Investigating the properties of water and oxygen on the strontium titanate surface is certainly a natural starting point for a theoretical study based on density functional theory, because these species are practically present on the surface on a wide range of experimental conditions and they are computationally feasible. For the oxygen and water adsorption the binding energy is controlled by long-range surface relaxations leading to an effective repulsion of the adsorbed specimen. The isolated oxygen ad-atom forms a covalently bonded “quasi-peroxide anion” in combination with a lattice oxygen atom. Contrariwise, in all investigated configurations containing water molecules and hydroxyl groups, the respective oxygen atoms assumed positions close to the oxygen sites of the continued perovskite lattice of the substrate. Most remarkably, on the strontium oxide termination, the water molecules adsorbs and dissociates effortlessly leading to the formation of a pair of hydroxyl groups. For the titanium dioxide termination, a coverage dependent adsorption mode is observed. Densely packings stabilize water molecules, whereas at lower coverage and finite temperatures the formation of hydroxyl groups is found. The energetics responsible for this behavior is consistent with recent experiments by Iwahori and coworkers.

O objetivo desta tese de doutorado foi estudar a influência da adição do íon estanho (Sn4+) à rede do composto SrTiO3 em substituição ao íon de titânio visando otimizar as propriedades elétricas desse composto e, como consequência, obter uma melhora de seu desempenho como um sensor de gás na forma de filmes finos. Para realizar a deposição destes filmes finos através dos métodos de Deposição por Feixe de Elétrons (EBD), alvos cerâmicos de composição SrTi1-xSnxO3 (STSO) com x = 0; 0,20; 0,40; 0,60; 0,80; 0,85; 0,90; 0,95; 1 foram obtidos através do método dos precursores poliméricos modificado. A sequência de formação de soluções sólidas foi determinada através do refinamento Rietveld das amostras STSO na forma de pó sinterizadas, obtidas através dos métodos dos precursores poliméricos e de reação de estado sólido, mostrando que a transição da fase cúbica Pm3̄m do composto SrTiO3 até a fase ortorrômbica Pnma do composto SrSnO3 não depende do método de síntese. As medidas de espectroscopia Raman e absorção de raios-X (XANES, na borda K do Ti) das amostras tanto na forma de pó, obtidas através do método dos precursores poliméricos e de reação de estado sólido, quanto na forma de filme fino obtidas por EBD revelaram a existência de uma desordem local na rede do composto SrTiO3 que diminui com o aumento da temperatura e com a diminuição da concentração de Sn. Os filmes finos STSO obtidos por EBD foram avaliados como sensores utilizando-se os gases O3 e NH3. Em medidas realizadas com o gás ozônio (O3), os resultados mostraram que os filmes finos de 100 nm de espessura apresentaram uma maior sensibilidade tendo a amostra com 60% de Sn com o melhor desempenho a 350°C para 0,15 ppm do gás. As análises de performance dos filmes STSO quanto a seletividade indicaram que não foram seletivos e que apresentaram uma maior resposta ao gás ozônio quando comparados ao gás NH3. / The objective of this work was to study the influence of the addition of tin ion (Sn4+) into the SrTiO3 compound lattice, to replace the titanium ion (Ti4+). The aim was to optimize the electrical properties of SrTiO3 compound and, as a consequence, to obtain an improvement of its performance as a gas sensor in the thin films samples. To perform the deposition of these thin films through Electron Beam Deposition (EBD), ceramic targets of composition SrTi1-xSnxO3 (STSO) with x = 0; 0.20; 0.40; 0.60; 0.80; 0.85; 0.90; 0.95; and 1 were obtained by the modified polymer precursor method. The solid solution formation sequence was determined by the Rietveld refinement of the STSO sintered powdered samples, obtained by both polymeric precursor and solid-state reaction methods, showing that the transition from the cubic Pm3̄m phase of the SrTiO3 compound to the orthorhombic Pnma phase of the SrSnO3 compound does not depend on the synthesis method. The measurements of Raman spectroscopy and absorption of X-rays (XANES, at Ti K-edge), of the powdered samples obtained by both synthesis methods and of the thin films obtained by EBD, revealed the existence of a local disorder in the SrTiO3 compound lattice which decreases with increasing of temperature and with decreasing of Sn concentration. The STSO thin films were evaluated as sensors using the O3 and NH3 gases. In measurements accomplished with the ozone gas (O3), the results showed that thin films of 100 nm thickness had a higher sensitivity. The sample having 60% of tin showed the best performance at 350°C for 0.15 ppm of ozone gas. The performance analysis related to the selectivity of the STSO films indicated they were not selective and that presented a higher response to the ozone gas when compared to the NH3 gas.

O objetivo desta tese de doutorado foi estudar a influência da adição do íon estanho (Sn4+) à rede do composto SrTiO3 em substituição ao íon de titânio visando otimizar as propriedades elétricas desse composto e, como consequência, obter uma melhora de seu desempenho como um sensor de gás na forma de filmes finos. Para realizar a deposição destes filmes finos através dos métodos de Deposição por Feixe de Elétrons (EBD), alvos cerâmicos de composição SrTi1-xSnxO3 (STSO) com x = 0; 0,20; 0,40; 0,60; 0,80; 0,85; 0,90; 0,95; 1 foram obtidos através do método dos precursores poliméricos modificado. A sequência de formação de soluções sólidas foi determinada através do refinamento Rietveld das amostras STSO na forma de pó sinterizadas, obtidas através dos métodos dos precursores poliméricos e de reação de estado sólido, mostrando que a transição da fase cúbica Pm3̄m do composto SrTiO3 até a fase ortorrômbica Pnma do composto SrSnO3 não depende do método de síntese. As medidas de espectroscopia Raman e absorção de raios-X (XANES, na borda K do Ti) das amostras tanto na forma de pó, obtidas através do método dos precursores poliméricos e de reação de estado sólido, quanto na forma de filme fino obtidas por EBD revelaram a existência de uma desordem local na rede do composto SrTiO3 que diminui com o aumento da temperatura e com a diminuição da concentração de Sn. Os filmes finos STSO obtidos por EBD foram avaliados como sensores utilizando-se os gases O3 e NH3. Em medidas realizadas com o gás ozônio (O3), os resultados mostraram que os filmes finos de 100 nm de espessura apresentaram uma maior sensibilidade tendo a amostra com 60% de Sn com o melhor desempenho a 350°C para 0,15 ppm do gás. As análises de performance dos filmes STSO quanto a seletividade indicaram que não foram seletivos e que apresentaram uma maior resposta ao gás ozônio quando comparados ao gás NH3. / The objective of this work was to study the influence of the addition of tin ion (Sn4+) into the SrTiO3 compound lattice, to replace the titanium ion (Ti4+). The aim was to optimize the electrical properties of SrTiO3 compound and, as a consequence, to obtain an improvement of its performance as a gas sensor in the thin films samples. To perform the deposition of these thin films through Electron Beam Deposition (EBD), ceramic targets of composition SrTi1-xSnxO3 (STSO) with x = 0; 0.20; 0.40; 0.60; 0.80; 0.85; 0.90; 0.95; and 1 were obtained by the modified polymer precursor method. The solid solution formation sequence was determined by the Rietveld refinement of the STSO sintered powdered samples, obtained by both polymeric precursor and solid-state reaction methods, showing that the transition from the cubic Pm3̄m phase of the SrTiO3 compound to the orthorhombic Pnma phase of the SrSnO3 compound does not depend on the synthesis method. The measurements of Raman spectroscopy and absorption of X-rays (XANES, at Ti K-edge), of the powdered samples obtained by both synthesis methods and of the thin films obtained by EBD, revealed the existence of a local disorder in the SrTiO3 compound lattice which decreases with increasing of temperature and with decreasing of Sn concentration. The STSO thin films were evaluated as sensors using the O3 and NH3 gases. In measurements accomplished with the ozone gas (O3), the results showed that thin films of 100 nm thickness had a higher sensitivity. The sample having 60% of tin showed the best performance at 350°C for 0.15 ppm of ozone gas. The performance analysis related to the selectivity of the STSO films indicated they were not selective and that presented a higher response to the ozone gas when compared to the NH3 gas.

Óxidos à base de titânio são estudados por suas diversas aplicações. Dentre eles, compostos com estrutura cristalina de perovskita apresentam propriedades elétricas diferenciadas. Ademais, os recém-descobertos nanotubos derivados de TiO2 por método hidrotérmico têm chamado a atenção dos pesquisadores por sua alta área superficial e fácil obtenção, embora ainda haja controvérsias sobre sua estrutura cristalina e a influência das condições de síntese. Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico, tornou-se fundamental a obtenção de materiais mais puros e com propriedades controladas, o que vem sendo alcançado através de rotas brandas, relacionadas à Química Doce. Simultaneamente, a preocupação ambiental vem influenciando as metodologias sintéticas através das diretrizes da Química Verde. Esta pesquisa visa: 1. caracterização de SrTiO3 obtido por rotas brandas - sal fundido, hidrotérmica, precipitação do sol e combustão. Os produtos foram caracterizados por análise de sorção de N2, DRX e termogravimetria, para a comparação de área superficial (BET), perfil de porosidade (DFT), composição cristalina e cristalinidade, tamanho de partículas e composição química. 2. exploração do sistema de nanotubos derivados de TiO2 pelo método hidrotérmico em NaOH 10 mol.L-1. Foram comparados quatro precursores (TiO2 amorfo, anatase e rutilo obtidos via precipitação de alcóxido, e o comercial P25), dois tempos de reação (24h e 72h), e o efeito de lavagem posterior com HCl. As amostras foram caracterizadas por DRX, área superficial (BET), perfil de porosidade (BJH), MEV e MET, além de espectroscopia Raman e TG e o efeito da temperatura na composição cristalina das amostras. A rota de precipitação do sol produziu SrTiO3 com maior grau de cristalinidade e de impurezas, sendo que sua área superficial diminuiu após tratamento a 400°C. Todos os produtos continham SrCO3, eliminado após 900°C. O método da combustão não formou o titanato. Nanotubos de comprimentos variados foram obtidos de todos os precursores cristalinos, sendo que rutilo não gerou outros tipos de nanoestruturas e os nanotubos mais longos. Além disso, foi o polimorfo que reagiu mais lentamente. O precursor amorfo gerou nanoestruturas semelhantes a nanofios. Foi observado que os nanotubos são compostos de titanatos de sódio lamelares, sendo esses cátions trocados por H+ pela lavagem dos pós com HCl. Essa troca iônica promove a diminuição da região interlamelar e o aumento da área superficial das amostras. / Titanium based oxides are studied for their wide range of applications. Among them, perovskite-like oxides show especial electrical properties. Furthermore, the recently discovered TiO2-derived nanotubes through hydrothermal process have been drawing researchers\' attention for their high surface area and because they can be easily obtained, although their crystal structure and the influence of condition synthesis still being point of controversy. Due to technological advances, the production of property-controlled, composition and phase pure materials has become crucial. These aims have been achieved by the employment of soft routes, related to Soft Chemistry synthesis. Simultaneously, environmental concerns have influenced synthetic methodologies through the Green Chemistry guidelines. This research aims: 1. characterizing of SrTiO3 synthesized by soft routes, namely molten salt synthesis, hydrothermal method, sol-precipitation process and combustion synthesis. The products were characterized by N2 sorption analysis, XRD and thermogravimetry in order to compare their surface area (BET), porous structure (DTF), chemical and crystal phase composition, crystallinity and particle size. 2. exploring the system of nanotubes hydrothermally derived from TiO2 in NaOH 10 mol.L-1. The effects of precursor type (amorphous TiO2, anatase and rutile obtained by alcoxide hydrolysis, and commercial P25), reaction time (24h and 72h), and acid washing treatment were compared. The samples were characterized by XRD, surface area (BET), porous structure (BJH), SEM and TEM, besides Raman spectroscopy, TG and temperature effect on the crystal composition. The sol-precipitation route produced the SrTiO3 sample with higher crystallinity and amount of impurities, while its surface area decreased on 400°C heat-treatment. All products showed SrCO3 presence up to 900°C. Combustion synthesis did not lead to the strontium titanate. Varied-length nanotubes and other nanostructures were obtained from all crystalline precursors, although rutile-derived samples showed only nanotubes, and the longest ones. On the other hand, this precursor reacted more slowly than the others. Amorphous TiO2 produced wire-like nanostructures. It has been observed that nanotubes are composed of lamellar sodium titanate, and that HCl washing promotes Na+ exchange for H+ ions. This ion-exchange leads to a decrease in the interlamellar spacing and an increase in the surface area of the samples.

Cette thèse se décompose en deux parties.Dans la première, nous nous intéressons au premier champ critique, Hc1, du titanate de strontium, que nous mesurons à l’aide d’un réseau de microsondes de Hall taillées dans un gaz bidimensionnel. La valeur du premier champ critique nous permet alors d’évaluer la densité superfluide à six différents dopages couvrant l’ensemble du dôme supraconducteur. À bas dopage, nous trouvons que celle-ci correspond à la densité de porteurs dans l’état normal tandis qu’au-delà du dopage optimal, celle-ci chute drastiquement. En plaçant nos résultats dans le contexte de la loi de Homes, nous voyons que cette chute s’explique par l’entrée dans la limite sale. Un fit multibande de Hc1(T), dans ce contexte semble également indiquer que la supraconductivité émerge de la bande la plus basse et est seulement induite dans les deux autres bandes.Dans la seconde partie, nous regardons l’évolution de la densité de porteurs, n, du cuprate Nd-LSCO. Nous mesurons ainsi six échantillons de dopages proches du point critique pseudogap, p*, via trois sondes de transport : effet Hall, résistivité et effet Seebeck. Nous trouvons que n chute de 1+p à p à l’entrée dans la phase pseudogap. En comparant les différentes sondes, nous montrons que cette chute est due à une reconstruction de la surface de Fermi et qu’il existe sûrement des poches d’électrons et de trous juste en dessous de p*. Ceci est en accord, entre autres, avec un scénario antiferromagnétique. Finalement, nous trouvons que la mobilité est inchangée à l’entrée dans la phase pseudogap et que les mesures de transports semblent insensibles à la divergence de la masse effective vue par chaleur spécifique. / This thesis consists of two parts.The first one is about the lower critical field of strontium titanate, measured thanks to an array of Hall micro-probes tailored in a 2D electron gas. The value of the lower critical field allows us to quantify superfluid density at six different dopings spreading all along the superconducting dome. At low doping, we find that it follows the normal state carrier density while it dramatically falls above optimal doping. Analyzing our results in the context of the Homes law, we understand that this drop is due to the entering into the dirty limit. A multiband fit Hc1(T) in this context seems to indicate that superconductivity is born in the lowest band and only induced in the two others.In the second part, we focus on the carrier density, n, of the cuprate Nd-LSCO. We measure six samples with doping close to the pseudogap critical point p*, thanks to three different transport probes : Hall effect, resistivity and Seebeck effect. We find that entering the pseudogap phase induces a drop in n from 1+p to p. The comparison of the different probes shows that this drop is due to a Fermi surface reconstruction and that both holes and electrons pockets may exist just under p*. This observation is consistent with an antiferromagnetic scenario. Finally, we find that mobility is not affected by the pseudogap and that transport measurements seems insensitive to the diverging effective mass as observed by specific heat.

No description available.

Óxidos à base de titânio são estudados por suas diversas aplicações. Dentre eles, compostos com estrutura cristalina de perovskita apresentam propriedades elétricas diferenciadas. Ademais, os recém-descobertos nanotubos derivados de TiO2 por método hidrotérmico têm chamado a atenção dos pesquisadores por sua alta área superficial e fácil obtenção, embora ainda haja controvérsias sobre sua estrutura cristalina e a influência das condições de síntese. Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico, tornou-se fundamental a obtenção de materiais mais puros e com propriedades controladas, o que vem sendo alcançado através de rotas brandas, relacionadas à Química Doce. Simultaneamente, a preocupação ambiental vem influenciando as metodologias sintéticas através das diretrizes da Química Verde. Esta pesquisa visa: 1. caracterização de SrTiO3 obtido por rotas brandas - sal fundido, hidrotérmica, precipitação do sol e combustão. Os produtos foram caracterizados por análise de sorção de N2, DRX e termogravimetria, para a comparação de área superficial (BET), perfil de porosidade (DFT), composição cristalina e cristalinidade, tamanho de partículas e composição química. 2. exploração do sistema de nanotubos derivados de TiO2 pelo método hidrotérmico em NaOH 10 mol.L-1. Foram comparados quatro precursores (TiO2 amorfo, anatase e rutilo obtidos via precipitação de alcóxido, e o comercial P25), dois tempos de reação (24h e 72h), e o efeito de lavagem posterior com HCl. As amostras foram caracterizadas por DRX, área superficial (BET), perfil de porosidade (BJH), MEV e MET, além de espectroscopia Raman e TG e o efeito da temperatura na composição cristalina das amostras. A rota de precipitação do sol produziu SrTiO3 com maior grau de cristalinidade e de impurezas, sendo que sua área superficial diminuiu após tratamento a 400°C. Todos os produtos continham SrCO3, eliminado após 900°C. O método da combustão não formou o titanato. Nanotubos de comprimentos variados foram obtidos de todos os precursores cristalinos, sendo que rutilo não gerou outros tipos de nanoestruturas e os nanotubos mais longos. Além disso, foi o polimorfo que reagiu mais lentamente. O precursor amorfo gerou nanoestruturas semelhantes a nanofios. Foi observado que os nanotubos são compostos de titanatos de sódio lamelares, sendo esses cátions trocados por H+ pela lavagem dos pós com HCl. Essa troca iônica promove a diminuição da região interlamelar e o aumento da área superficial das amostras. / Titanium based oxides are studied for their wide range of applications. Among them, perovskite-like oxides show especial electrical properties. Furthermore, the recently discovered TiO2-derived nanotubes through hydrothermal process have been drawing researchers\' attention for their high surface area and because they can be easily obtained, although their crystal structure and the influence of condition synthesis still being point of controversy. Due to technological advances, the production of property-controlled, composition and phase pure materials has become crucial. These aims have been achieved by the employment of soft routes, related to Soft Chemistry synthesis. Simultaneously, environmental concerns have influenced synthetic methodologies through the Green Chemistry guidelines. This research aims: 1. characterizing of SrTiO3 synthesized by soft routes, namely molten salt synthesis, hydrothermal method, sol-precipitation process and combustion synthesis. The products were characterized by N2 sorption analysis, XRD and thermogravimetry in order to compare their surface area (BET), porous structure (DTF), chemical and crystal phase composition, crystallinity and particle size. 2. exploring the system of nanotubes hydrothermally derived from TiO2 in NaOH 10 mol.L-1. The effects of precursor type (amorphous TiO2, anatase and rutile obtained by alcoxide hydrolysis, and commercial P25), reaction time (24h and 72h), and acid washing treatment were compared. The samples were characterized by XRD, surface area (BET), porous structure (BJH), SEM and TEM, besides Raman spectroscopy, TG and temperature effect on the crystal composition. The sol-precipitation route produced the SrTiO3 sample with higher crystallinity and amount of impurities, while its surface area decreased on 400°C heat-treatment. All products showed SrCO3 presence up to 900°C. Combustion synthesis did not lead to the strontium titanate. Varied-length nanotubes and other nanostructures were obtained from all crystalline precursors, although rutile-derived samples showed only nanotubes, and the longest ones. On the other hand, this precursor reacted more slowly than the others. Amorphous TiO2 produced wire-like nanostructures. It has been observed that nanotubes are composed of lamellar sodium titanate, and that HCl washing promotes Na+ exchange for H+ ions. This ion-exchange leads to a decrease in the interlamellar spacing and an increase in the surface area of the samples.

Als Modellsystem für Oxide mit Perowskitstruktur ist Strontiumtitanat besonders geeignet, um generalisierbare Erkenntnisse über die Auswirkungen von Defekten zu gewinnen und ausgehend davon Struktur-Eigenschafts-Korrelationen zu diskutieren. Durch den Einsatz verschiedener oberflächensensitiver Methoden lässt sich im Ausgangszustand eine erhöhte Konzentration von Liniendefekten an der Oberfläche nachweisen, die sich durch Temperaturbehandlung verkleinert. Die Defektchemie bei hohen Temperaturen wird zur Simulation der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit vom umgebenden Sauerstoff-Partialdruck genutzt. Die Dotierung des oxidischen Halbleitermaterials ist von Eigendefekten abhängig, wobei Sauerstoff-Leerstellen Donatorniveaus bilden und Strontium-Leerstellen Akzeptorcharakter besitzen. Neben der Diffusionsbewegung dieser Eigendefekte bei hohen Temperaturen kann bei niedrigen Temperaturen ein elektrisches Feld deren Umverteilung bewirken. Damit zeigt sich die Leitfähigkeit abhängig von externen elektrischen Feldern, aber auch weitere Eigenschaften sind auf diesem Wege modifizierbar. Im Rahmen der Arbeit werden strukturelle Änderungen, Valenz-Änderungen und veränderte mechanische Eigenschaften nachgewiesen, die jeweils abhängig vom elektrischen Feld schaltbar sind. Schließlich wird das gezielte Ausnutzen struktureller Defekte für Speicherzellen, die den schaltbaren Widerstand von Metall-SrTiO3-Kontakten zur Grundlage haben, vorgestellt. Die Anwendbarkeit des oxidischen Halbleiters als resistives Speicherelement beruht wiederum auf der Kopplung von Sauerstoff-Leerstellen an das elektrische Feld. / Being a model system for oxides with pervovskite-type of structure, strontium titanate can be used to gain generalizable insights into the consequences of defects and to discuss resulting structure-property relationships. By employing different surface sensitive methods, an increased concentration of line defects is found at the surface that reduces on temperature treatment. The defect chemistry at elevated temperatures is used to simulate the electric conductivity depending on the oxygen partial pressure during annealing. Doping of the oxidic semiconductor depends on intrinsic defects, whereby oxygen vacancies form donor states and strontium vacancies have acceptor character. Beside the diffusion movement of these intrinsic defects at elevated temperatures, at low temperatures an electric field may cause their redistribution. Hence, the conductivity becomes dependent on external electric fields but also other properties can be altered in this way. Within this work, structural changes, valence changes and changing mechanical properties are shown to be switchable by the electric field. Finally, the dedicated usage of structural defects is demonstrated on memory cells that employ the switchable resistance of metal-SrTiO3 junctions. The applicability of the oxidic semiconductor as a resistive memory element is again based on the coupling between oxygen vacancies and the electric field.