Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-31T20:29:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Franklin Jean Machado.pdf: 2176212 bytes, checksum: b5c612ca0e69f93cee2e84e4dc48f8f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-31T20:29:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franklin Jean Machado.pdf: 2176212 bytes, checksum: b5c612ca0e69f93cee2e84e4dc48f8f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Project development and so its management, is a strategy commonly used by companies while working on search of their goals. The large use of this strategy evolves parallel to an awareness of the importance of achieving success over the strategy application, in other words, projects success. This awareness is clearly visible over the number of studies concerning the understanding of variables affecting projects success. Similarly, entrepreneurial orientation is a research topic with consolidated significance in the entrepreneurship research field, and with significant developments over the last decades. This study aimed to analyze the effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) of organizations over the project’s success (PS) developed by them. The methodology that grounded this research is the quantitative analysis, through the structural equation modeling (SEM) method, and using survey as the data-gathering tool to find 100 valid answers. The main result observed was the positive relation between the Entrepreneurial Orientation of organizations and the project’s success developed by them, allowing the development of this research subject in the academic area, as well as the deduction of corporative practices that could contribute to projects success. In the practical way, it was possible to recognize one more benefit that will join the team of benefits generated by EO, among others that were already been verified in other researches. / O desenvolvimento de projetos, e sua consequente gestão, é uma estratégia comumente adotada por empresas na busca por seus objetivos. O grande uso desta estratégia evolui de forma paralela à preocupação com a importância de se obter sucesso no seu desenvolvimento, ou seja, o sucesso em projetos. Esta preocupação é claramente visível considerando o número de estudos que abrangem a compreensão das variáveis que afetam o sucesso em projetos. De forma semelhante, a orientação empreendedora é um tema de pesquisa com importância consolidada no campo de pesquisa englobado pelo empreendedorismo e com evoluções importantes nas últimas décadas. Este estudo buscou propor um modelo que relacione a orientação empreendedora (OE) de organizações sobre o sucesso em projetos (SP) por ela desenvolvidos. A metodologia desenvolvida esteve pautada na análise quantitativa, valendo-se do método de modelagem de equações estruturais (MEE) e tendo como ferramenta de coleta de dados uma survey, que obteve 100 respostas válidas. O principal resultado observado foi a verificação de uma relação positiva entre a orientação empreendedora das organizações para com o sucesso dos projetos por ela desenvolvidos, permitindo tanto o desenvolvimento desta temática de pesquisa do ponto de vista acadêmico, como a dedução de práticas corporativas que possam contribuir para o sucesso dos projetos. No contexto prático, foi possível reconhecer mais um benefício gerado pela EO, que se unirá aqueles já verificados em outras pesquisas.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-17T19:29:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz Ramos.pdf: 1609339 bytes, checksum: f6cc0ab43f1a4644ea43c16b8ad72aa8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-17T19:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz Ramos.pdf: 1609339 bytes, checksum: f6cc0ab43f1a4644ea43c16b8ad72aa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / The electronic word of mouth – eWOM – has increasingly become an important communication tool in the market, but still, the antecedents leading consumers to adopt such tool are still receiving limited attention. This study aims to review the underlying antecedents of this decision-making process from a conceptual descriptive model. It was tested four key influential antecedents on the behavior of travel package consumers in terms of their e-word-of-mouth use: acceptance of electronic communication technology, quality of consumer’s experience, subjective norms, and drivers for internet use. After a questionnaire validation from a sample with 417 respondents, it was estimated the relations among the constructs and assessed the mediation of construct attitude. Results pointed out that the subjective norms and the acceptance of electronic communication technology can be antecedents to the drivers of internet use, which together with quality of consumer’s experience are prior to the attitude, confirmed as mediator for e-word-of-month usage intention. The study is exclusively focused on the travel package context, being recommended studies in other sectors as well as other distinct targets to extend the understanding of such relations. / A comunicação eletrônica boca-a-boca vem se firmando como uma ferramenta de comunicação importante no mercado e limitada atenção tem sido prestada aos antecedentes que levam o consumidor a adotar esse comportamento. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar antecedentes desse processo de decisão separando os construtos em dois grupos (online e off-line), e desta forma foram avaliados os efeitos na Atitude, que precede a Intenção de se utilizar o boca-a-boca. Foram testados quatro antecedentes-chave que influenciam a atitude dos consumidores de pacotes de viagens em relação à utilização do boca-a-boca eletrônico: aceitação da tecnologia eletrônica de comunicação, Qualidade da experiência do consumidor, normas subjetivas e motivação ao uso de internet. O questionário foi validado e, a partir de uma amostra de 417 respondentes, foram aplicadas ferramentas estatísticas preparatórias, que validaram os dados para aplicação do método PLS, permitindo estimar uma série de relações de dependência entre as variáveis latentes. Os resultados indicam que as normas subjetivas e a adoção da tecnologia são antecedentes da Motivação ao uso da internet (componente online) que, em conjunto com a Qualidade da experiência (componente off-line), antecedem a Atitude. Já a Atitude se comprovou como antecedente da Intenção de uso do boca-a-boca eletrônico. A pesquisa se insere exclusivamente no contexto de pacotes de viagens, sendo recomendados estudos em outros mercados, bem como com públicos distintos para ampliar a compreensão dessas relações.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-20T14:50:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roosiley Dos Santos Souza.pdf: 1731739 bytes, checksum: 1f07502a21f8578370ddfd9ad1d27a64 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T14:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roosiley Dos Santos Souza.pdf: 1731739 bytes, checksum: 1f07502a21f8578370ddfd9ad1d27a64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-16 / Entrepreneurship is seen as promoting the generation of new knowledge, new technology, and the ability to enhance the role of entrepreneurs in society as agents of development in their local and regional context. A promising field for research is on higher education, given its key role of promoter and developer of entrepreneurial intentions. The objective of this research is to apply and validate the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire - EIQ as measurement instrument of entrepreneurial intention in Brazil, in a regional context. The EIQ is a psychometric measuring instrument proposed by Liñán (2008), Liñán and Chen (2009) and reviewed by Liñán, Urban and Guerrero (2011), whose base is the Theory of Planned Behavior of Ajzen (1991). Thus, the research was with students who attend graduate of Management and Production Engineering at the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul and the Federal University of Grande Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The methodology used in the study was quantitative. The survey data was conducted by applying the EIQ, with a sample of 505 students of the two institutions of higher education. The data were first exploited through Microsoft Excel 2007 software, then statistically analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling with partial least squares model paths (PLSPM), using the SmartPLS 2.0 M3 software. It was found that the constructs showed significant positive relationships and explaining 13% of the variance of Personal Attitude (AP), 21.2% of Perceived Behavior Control (PBC) and 57.3% of Entrepreneurial Intent (IE). The relationship between attitude and intention showed the greatest strength from the relationships observed denoting the consolidated role of theoretical observed relationship between attitudes and intentions. The main results indicate that the EIQ was validated in a regional context. Thus, there was understanding that this thesis has contributed to validation of a psychometric scale regional context and Brazil. / O empreendedorismo é visto como promotor da geração de novos conhecimentos, de novas tecnologias, tendo a capacidade de potencializar o papel dos empreendedores na sociedade como agentes de desenvolvimento em seu contexto local e regional. Um campo promissor para investigação está no ensino superior, dado o seu papel fundamental de promotor e fomentador das intenções empreendedoras. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é aplicar e validar o Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire - EIQ como instrumento de mensuração da intenção empreendedora no Brasil, num contexto regional. O EIQ é um instrumento de medida psicométrica proposto por Liñán (2008), Liñán e Chen (2009) e revisto por Liñán, Urbano e Guerrero (2011), cuja base é a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado de Ajzen (1991). Dessa forma, a pesquisa foi com alunos que cursam graduação de Administração e Engenharia de Produção, na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul e na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. A metodologia empregada na pesquisa foi de natureza quantitativa. O levantamento dos dados foi realizado com a aplicação do EIQ, com uma amostra de 505 alunos das duas Instituições de Ensino Superior. Os dados foram inicialmente explorados por meio do software Microsoft Excel 2007, depois submetidos à análise estatística por meio de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais com mínimos quadrados parciais e modelo de caminhos (PLSPM), usando-se o software SmartPLS 2.0 M3. Verificou-se que os constructos apresentaram relações positivas e significantes explicando 13% da variância da Atitude Pessoal (AP), 21,2% do Controle do Comportamento Percebido (CCP) e 57,3% da Intenção Empreendedora (IE). A relação entre a atitude e a intenção demonstrou a maior força dentre as relações observadas denotando o papel consolidado da relação teórica observada entre as atitudes e intenções. Os principais resultados indicam que o EIQ foi validado em contexto regional. Desta forma, houve entendimento de que a presente tese contribuiu para validação de uma escala psicométrica em contexto regional e no Brasil.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-21T15:24:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiano Silveira Ribeiro.pdf: 2448117 bytes, checksum: 889c675170a8e8da34bd17c348d39bf5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T15:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiano Silveira Ribeiro.pdf: 2448117 bytes, checksum: 889c675170a8e8da34bd17c348d39bf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / This study aims to investigate the relationship among environmental training in the companies and the performance of the Environmental Management System. It has been investigated whether the Environmental Training based upon planning, implementation and evaluation can be related with the Environmental Performance. Based on the theoretical framework, an analytical model has been developed, in which the relationships among the constructs can be studied. To achieve the objectives of this study, a questionnaire was developed and scales were used to measure the constructs involved in the analysis. the structural equation modeling has been used as the core analysis method. The sample consisted of 105 respondents which perform professionally in ISO 14001 certified companies or in companies that are not certified but that have a minimum structure of an environmental management system. The results of the analysis showed a strong relationship among the environmental training planning, environmental training implementation, environmental training assessment and environmental performance, explaining that the theoretical references pointed at the time of construction of the analysis model. It was found a positive relationship of the Planning with Execution, and the Execution with Performance, and this last relation was enhanced by the mediating action of the Environmental Training Evaluation. It was concluded that the theoretical framework in related disciplines the Environmental Training to study the stages of planning, implementation and evaluation, as in the study of environmental performance, provide resources for the establishment of a model which is able to explain the relationship between environmental training and environmental performance. This study, in addition to contributing to the theories related to the environmental training and environmental performance, shows to companies, environmental managers and human resource professionals, the importance of systemic environmental training programs, starting from planning, according to the implementation and evaluation and confirms that it is a strategic role within the organization, and reinforces the importance of training assessment due to its mediating role in enhancing results in environmental performance coming from environmental training. / O presente trabalho se propõe a investigar a relação dos treinamentos ambientais em empresas com um sistema de gestão ambiental implementado e o desempenho do Sistema de Gestão Ambiental. Investigou-se as etapas de realização do Treinamento Ambiental baseadas no Planejamento, Execução e Avaliação para constatar se essas podem se relacionar com o Desempenho Ambiental. Com base no arcabouço teórico, foi desenvolvido um modelo de análise que estabelece as relações entre os construtos a serem estudados. Para atingir os objetivos, foram desenvolvidos questionários e utilizadas escalas para mensuração dos construtos envolvidos e, como método de análise, utilizou-se a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. A amostra foi composta por 105 respondentes atuantes em empresas certificadas ISO 14001 ou que não são certificadas mas que possuíam um mínimo de estrutura de um sistema de gestão ambiental. Os resultados obtidos na análise apresentaram uma forte relação entre planejamento do treinamento ambiental, execução do treinamento ambiental, avaliação do treinamento ambiental e o desempenho ambiental, explicando o que as referências teóricas apontavam no momento da elaboração do modelo de análise. Constatou-se uma relação positiva do Planejamento com a Execução e da Execução com o Desempenho, potencializado pela ação mediadora da Avaliação de Treinamento Ambiental. Concluiu-se que o arcabouço teórico forneceu recursos para o estabelecimento de um modelo capaz de explicar a relação entre treinamento ambiental e desempenho ambiental. Tal estudo, além de contribuir com as teorias relacionadas ao treinamento ambiental e desempenho ambiental, apresenta para as empresas, gestores ambientais e profissionais de recursos humanos a importância da aplicação sistêmica dos programas de treinamento ambiental, partindo do planejamento, seguindo para a execução e avaliação do mesmo e confirma o seu papel estratégico dentro da organização e reforça a importância da avaliação do treinamento ambiental pelo seu papel mediador no reforço dos resultados em desempenho ambiental, a partir do treinamento ambiental.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-08-04T15:51:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Luiz do Amaral Goncalves.pdf: 4473007 bytes, checksum: 5fa0b469e762031a2eafd0475ed7574c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T15:51:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Luiz do Amaral Goncalves.pdf: 4473007 bytes, checksum: 5fa0b469e762031a2eafd0475ed7574c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / In a wide range of activities, companies have been using the Business Model to represent the organization's strategy in delivering value and meeting the needs of its clients and segments with organizational efficiency and competitive differential. The business model presents itself as a very useful conceptual tool for capturing, sharing and creating a common view of the organization model. The projects are prominent in the strategic issues, because through them it is possible to materialize the planned strategic objectives and described in the Business Model of the company. The evaluation of project success can be accomplished by considering short and long-term objectives, uncertainties associated with the market, and technologies that may affect expectations about project success. This research analyzed the influence of the configuration of the business model in the project success in national and international companies from different fields of activity. In this study, each of the dimensions that constitute the Business Model was identified, as well as the dimensions of the Project Success. Additionally, was verified the contribution of the Business Model configuration in the overall configuration of the Business Model and the contribution of the Project Success dimensions in the overall success of the Project. This research is of an applied nature, characterized as confirmatory-descriptive and the data were obtained through a survey, using as a research instrument a structured questionnaire for data collection. The questionnaire was sent to a universe composed of professionals from various fields of activity, with leadership positions and who have already participated in projects, providing a number of 181 valid answers. The quantitative analysis was used to study the data collected in the research, using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as the method and the Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM) as a technique for analyzing the data. The results showed that the configuration of the business model has a positive influence to the project success, explaining 46% of the effects on the success of projects developed in organizations of several branches of activities in several countries. As a contribution to professional practice, was proposed the Business Model´s Components Evaluation Model. This model aims to assess the maturity of each components that constitutes a Business Model, helping managers to diagnose which components need action to improve the maturity of Business Models in their organizations. / Nos mais diversos ramos de atividades, as empresas vêm utilizando o Modelo de Negócios para representar a estratégia da organização na entrega de valor e atender as necessidades de seus clientes e segmentos com eficiência organizacional e diferencial competitivo. O modelo de negócios apresenta-se como uma ferramenta conceitual muito útil para capturar, compartilhar e criar uma visão comum do modelo da organização. Os projetos são destaques nas questões estratégicas, pois através deles é possível materializar os objetivos estratégicos planejados e descritos no Modelo de Negócios da empresa. A avaliação do sucesso do projeto pode ser realizada considerando os objetivos de curtos e longos prazos, as incertezas associadas ao mercado e as tecnologias que podem afetar as expectativas em torno do sucesso do projeto. Esta pesquisa analisou a influência do modelo de negócios no sucesso do projeto em empresas nacionais e internacionais de diversos setores de atividades. Neste estudo, foi identificado cada uma das dimensões que constitui o Modelo de Negócios, bem como as dimensões do Sucesso do Projeto. Adicionalmente, foi verificada a contribuição da configuração do Modelo de Negócios no sucesso global do projeto e em cada uma das dimensões que compõe o sucesso do projeto. Esta pesquisa é de natureza aplicada, caracterizada como confirmatória-descritiva e os dados foram obtidas por meio de levantamento (Survey), utilizando como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário estruturado para a coleta dos dados. O questionário foi encaminhado a um universo composto por profissionais de vários ramos de atividade, com cargos de liderança e que já participaram de projetos, proporcionando um número de 181 respostas válidas. Foi utilizada a análise quantitativa para estudar os dados coletados na pesquisa, tendo a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE) como método e o Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) como técnica para analisar os dados. Os resultados demonstraram que a configuração do modelo de negócios influencia positivamente o sucesso do projeto, explicando 46% dos efeitos no sucesso do projeto desenvolvidos em organizações de diversos ramos de atividades em diversos países. Como contribuição para a prática profissional foi proposto o Modelo de Avaliação dos Componentes do Modelo de Negócios. Este modelo tem como objetivo avaliar a maturidade de cada um dos componentes que constituem um Modelo de Negócios, auxiliando os gestores a diagnosticar quais componentes necessitam de ações para melhorar o nível de maturidade dos Modelos de Negócios em suas organizações.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-08-04T16:01:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Andre Zemuner Garcia.pdf: 3727885 bytes, checksum: 69021978691074b2fb37201b781421e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T16:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Andre Zemuner Garcia.pdf: 3727885 bytes, checksum: 69021978691074b2fb37201b781421e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / The team leadership is a topic that have been studied in the last 70 years by several authors, to understand their challenges and exploit the opportunities of the same within organizations and more recently within the design environment. The team leadership has changed considerably over the years because of changes in the culture and how businesses and designs come dealing with their employees and subordinates. Because it is an important factor for the team’s performance the leaders are changing the forma of lead, so that impose the wills and simply ordering already no longer part of the current management methods, having to be a shared leadership or based on exchanges so that the led can follow their leader. With the transformation of companies, many have adopted the Project management to develop their products or internal systems, making the leader Always seek greater adaptability to lead and generate the success or profit expected for companies. This dissertation seeks to identify the influence of the type of leadership in performance of the project team as the methods applied in the management of software development projects. The study was conducted via an online electronic questionnaire distributed to team leaders or projects members who have participated in software developments projects. After analyzing the data collected, it was identified that the project management method does not affect the existing relationship between the types of leadership studied and the performance of the team. Another important factor derived from the analysis is that transactional and transformational leadership are positively related to team performance, despite the weak relationship existing for transactional leadership, while empowerment leadership is strongly related to team performance, but in a negative way. The derivation of the analyzes is that companies working with software development projects must invest in leadership development as a measure to increase team performance, especially the transformational leaders, a style that presented the highest positive relation to team performance Among the three leaderships studied, regardless of the method of project management used. / A liderança de equipes é um tema que vêm sendo estudado nos últimos 70 anos por diversos autores, com a finalidade de entender seus desafios e explorar as oportunidades da mesma dentro das organizações e mais recentemente dentro do ambiente de projetos. A liderança de equipes sofreu grandes transformações ao longo dos anos devido a modificação da cultura e da forma como as empresas vêm lidando com os seus empregados e subordinados. Por se tratar de um fator importante para a performance da equipe, os líderes vêm alterando a forma de liderar, impor as vontades e simplesmente ordenar já não fazem mais parte dos métodos de gerenciamento atuais, tendo que haver uma liderança compartilhada ou baseada em trocas para que os liderados possam seguir o seu líder. Com a transformação das empresas, muitas adotaram o gerenciamento de projetos como forma de desenvolver seus produtos ou sistemas internos, fazendo com que o líder busque sempre uma maior adaptabilidade para liderar e gerar o sucesso ou lucro esperado para as empresas. Esta dissertação buscou identificar a influência do tipo de liderança na performance da equipe de projetos, conforme os métodos aplicados na gestão de projetos de desenvolvimento de software. O estudo foi realizado via questionário eletrônico distribuído de forma on-line para líderes de equipes ou membros de projetos que participaram de projetos de desenvolvimento de software. Após as análises dos dados coletados, foi identificado que o método de gestão de projetos não afeta a relação existente entre os tipos de liderança estudados e a performance da equipe. Outro fator importante derivado das análises é que as lideranças transacional e transformacional se relacionam de forma positiva com a performance da equipe, apesar da fraca relação existente para a liderança transacional, enquanto que a liderança empoderamento se relaciona de forma forte com a performance da equipe, porém de forma negativa. A derivação das análises é que as empresas que trabalham com projetos de desenvolvimento de software devem investir no desenvolvimento da liderança como medida para incrementar o desempenho da equipe, principalmente os líderes transformacionais, estilo que apresentou a maior relação positiva com a performance de equipe dentre as três lideranças estudadas, independentemente do método de gerenciamento de projetos utilizado.

Social-emotional learning (SEL) measures assessing social-emotional learning and character development across a broad array of constructs have been developed but lack construct validity. Determining the efficacy of educational interventions requires structurally valid measures which are generalizable across settings, gender, and time. Utilizing recent factor analytic methods, the present study extends validity literature for SEL measures by investigating the structural validity and generalizability of the Social-Emotional and Character Development Scale (SECDS) with a large sample of children from schools in Belize (n = 1877, ages 8 to13). The SECDS exhibited structural and generalizability evidence of construct validity when examined under exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). While a higher order confirmatory factor structure with six secondary factors provided acceptable fit, the ESEM six-factor structure provided both substantive and methodological advantages. The ESEM structural model situates the SECDS into the larger body of SEL literature while also exhibiting generalizability evidence over both gender and time.

This thesis reveals methods for estimating individual perception at the regional level, such as environmental awareness or wage effects due to labour market tightness. Environmental awareness belongs to individual attitudes, which is driven by socialization, culture and education. Consequently, it is difficult to compare environmental awareness between regions. Labour market tightness might be reflected in individual wages, but the latter is also triggered by a lot of exogenous variables. Given that a simple linear regression model fails in both cases, existing alternative approaches from the econometrics like Multiple Indicator Multiple Cause model and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operators are used. First, a Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Causes model is introduced, which allows us to estimate a not-directly observable individual attitude, environmental awareness, for different regions and to rank them. The method is cost-effective and less time-consuming, it also allows for comparisons between regions. The study area serves 81 regions in Russia. The model is constructed in such a way that Internet queries from the search engine Yandex are assumed to be indicators, which are affected by the regional environmental awareness index. In addition, regional characteristics, such as Gross Regional Product per capita, the proportion of employees in specific industry sectors, and also the environmental situation within the regions are potential cause variables. The regional environmental awareness index is estimated for each of the Russian regions from January 2014 until April 2016. Furthermore, the findings shows a rather non-linear positive relationship between the regional environmental awareness and regional wealth, as well as a strong negative correlation with the temperature. The colder the region and the observed month, the higher the interest of the population in environmental topics. Furthermore, the regions can be grouped into four environmental awareness clusters by using k-means clustering algorithm. It seems that the environmental awareness index shrinks from the Eastern to the Western part of Russia. The highest values can be estimated in Chukotka, Kamchatka, and Magadan. The lowest values are found in the rather poor and warm Caucasus area. Second, another issue concerns the estimation of an effect of an observable regional variable, such as labour supply shortage, on individual wages. This thesis investigates the ten year wage development of employees who first enter the labour market from 1995 until 2004 and looks for positive wage effects of labour market tightness in different occupational groups. Due to incomplete vacancy data, labour market tightness is measured as the number of unemployed people divided by the number of employees within an occupational field and region. Mean and quantile regression methods are applied. Because the number of right-hand side variables could lead to incorrect detected statistical significant coefficients, different Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operators are used for reducing the variables set. The findings suggests that regional labour market tightness in occupational fields affects individual wages. Employees who start their carrier in a tighter labour market enjoy higher wage growth compared to workers from more relaxed labour markets. The wages in technical professions, such as several engineer groups, IT-occupations, technicians, and also in some commercial occupations are especially affected by a shortage of labour supply. Health care occupations, such as nurse, reveals a complete reverse relationship. A shortage of workforce seems to be correlated with smaller wages.

Insurance has been considered as a useful tool for farmers to mitigate income volatility. However, there remain concerns that insurance may distort crop production decisions. Positive mathematical programming (PMP) models of farmers’ cropping decisions can be applied to study the effect of agricultural business risk management (BRM) policies on farmers’ decisions on land use and their incomes. Before being used to examine agricultural producer responses to policy changes under the expected utility framework, the models must first be calibrated to obtain the values of the risk aversion coefficient and the cost function parameters. In chapter 2, three calibration approaches are compared for disentangling the risk parameter from the parameters of the cost function. Then, in chapter 3, to investigate the impacts on production incentives of changes in Canada’s AgriStability program, farm management models are calibrated for farms with different cost structures for three different Alberta regions. Results indicate that farmers’ observed attitudes towards risk vary with cost structure. After joining the program, all farmers alter their land allocations to some extent. The introduction of a reference margin limit (RML) in the AgriStability program under Growing Forward 2 (2013-2018), which was retained in the replacement legislation until 2020, has the most negative impact on farmers with the lowest costs. The removal of RML significantly increases the benefits to low-cost farmers. Traditional insurance products provide financial support to farmers. However, for fruit farmers, the products’ quality can be greatly affected by the weather conditions during the stage of fruit development and ripening, which may lead to quality downgrade and a significant loss in revenue with little impacts on yields. Hence, chapters 4 and 5 investigate the conceptual feasibility of using weather-indexed insurance (WII) to hedge against non-catastrophic, but quality-impacting weather conditions to complement existing traditional insurance. Prospect theory is applied to analyze a farmer’s demand for WII. The theoretical model demonstrates that an increase in the volatility of total revenue and the revenue proportion from blueberries increases the possibility of farmers’ participation in WII. On the other hand, the increase in the value loss aversion coefficient and WII’s basis risk leads to less demand for WII. To design a WII product for blueberry growers to hedge against quality risk, a quality index must be constructed and the relationship between key weather conditions, such as cumulative maximum temperature and cumulative excess rainfall, and the quality index should be quantified. The results from a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) show that the above goals are achievable. Further, rainfall and temperature can be modelled via a time-series model and statistical distributions, respectively, to provide reasonable estimates for calculating insurance premia. / Graduate / 2022-08-05

Le handicap est multifactoriel. Toutes ses composantes sont potentiellement sources d’obstacles et de désavantages. L’originalité de cette thèse est de tenir compte de la complexité de définition du handicap dans l’analyse du recours aux soins de santé primaires. L’objectif ultime des soins de santé primaires est une meilleure santé pour tous, passant par la réduction des exclusions et des inégalités sociales d’accès au système santé. Nous appréhendons le handicap de différentes manières jusqu’à intégrer les trois dimensions d’« une situation de handicap » (dimension fonctionnelle, dimension environnementale, et participation sociale) dans un même modèle explicatif. D’abord, nous analysons la dimension fonctionnelle en considérant les personnes handicapées comme physiquement limitées. Puis, nous investiguons la dimension environnementale par une étude chez les adultes vivant en institution. Enfin, nous adoptons une vision globale du handicap en intégrant simultanément toutes les dimensions par la mesure de capabilités latentes. Le modèle estimé s’approche d’une comparabilité inter-individus révélant, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, les niveaux sur lesquels agir pour pallier les inégalités. Les analyses suggèrent qu’un environnement favorable, sociétal et/ou socioéconomique, pourrait compenser les effets négatifs des limitations et des restrictions cognitives et physiques. Nous concluons sur plusieurs voies possibles afin d’améliorer le recours aux soins primaires : agir sur la dimension environnementale et sur la participation sociale. / Disability is multifactorial. All its components are potential sources of barriers and disadvantages. The originality of this thesis is to take into account the complexity of disability definition to analyze the use of primary health care. The ultimate goal of primary health care is better health for all, reducing exclusion and social inequalities in access to the health care system. We approach disability in different ways, ending with a model that includes the three dimensions of a “disability situation” (functional dimension, environmental dimension and social participation). First we analyze the functional dimension considering people with disabilities as physically limited. Then, we investigate the environmental dimension through analysis among adults living in institutions. Finally, we adopt a global vision of disability that integrates all the dimensions simultaneously through the measures of latent capabilities. The estimated model approximates a fundamental inter-individual comparability and reveals all things being equal, the levels on which to act to overcome inequalities. The analyses suggest that favorable environment, societal and/or socioeconomic could offset the negative impact of the limitations and cognitive and physical restrictions. We conclude on several possible waysto improve the use of primary care: acting on the environmental dimension and acting on social participation.