The object of main master´s thesis called Blue Pyramid Building Society, Inc. – Financing for the Construction of a House occupies by the credits provided from Blue Pyramid Building Society, Inc. The goal of this study is proposing of a Handbook that should help to financial consultants of Blue Pyramid Building Society, Inc. by the process of a loan for financing for the construction of a house (including acquisition of a lot). In the theoretical part I aim at the general principals of the functioning of the building savings and building savings loans. In the practical part I aim at the process of a loan provided from Blue Pyramid Building Society, Inc. There is processed a proposal of the Handwork. In the final part the Handwork is applied to the specific case from practice to assessment of its operation.

The master thesis is focused on the dealing of problem with choosing subsidy in choosed contributory organization. This problem will be analysed on two similar contributory organizations with focusing on taxation. The conclusion of the master thesisis metodical process of choosing subsidies for contributory organization taking into account taxation.

The subject of the diploma thesis "Financing of Housing in the Czech Republic" is description, analysis, and characterization of options of financing of housing and comparison of their benefits. The theoretical part of the assignment describes basic forms of financing of housing – savings for building purposes, mortgage loans, and other forms. The analytical part compares variants of savings for building purposes with domestic building societies and mortgage loans with selected banks. This part describes and evaluates basic features of individual products. The third part focuses on creation of practical examples describing various combinations of financing of housing in the Czech Republic, evaluates their benefits and provides recommendations for their implementation.

The Diploma Thesis deals with the problem what resources are the most optimal to be used for financing if a company wants to renovate its real estate property. The core of the work is the comparative analysis of bank loans, a real estate leasing, subsidy programmes and reserves for fixed assets renovating. The thesis focuses on finding certain outputs which represent always the best option from several possibilities of financing, either from external or internal resources.

The availability of abundant renewable resources, lack of fossil fuels and difficult geographical terrain for grid line extensions contribute to the advantages of renewable based decentralized rural electrification in Ne-pal. Solar home system (SHS) and micro-hydro are the most commonly adopted off-grid renewable energy technologies in the country. This dis-sertation examines the market of renewable energy based rural electrifi-cation within prevailing policy and programmes framework. The study verifies whether the market has been able to serve the poor in Nepal. It also captures the perception of various stakeholders (e.g. private sup-ply/installation companies, NGOs, financial institutions and the donor‘s programme) regarding the business, financing issues and the role of gov-ernment policy on the market development. In addition, the study dis-cusses and analyses renewable based rural electrification supply models, the economics behind rural electrification, market drivers and market distribution in the rural areas of Nepal. The financial mix in the off-grid rural electrification is generally charac-terized by subsidy, equity and credit. The study shows that awareness about renewable energy technologies and willingness to pay for electricity access has increased considerably. However, there is a huge financial gap between the cost of electrification and affordability among the poor. The distribution analysis shows there is significant increment in the extensive growth but decrease in the intensive growth rate of rural electrification thus indicating market expansion with uneven penetration among the ru-ral people. Solar PV technology is still not in the reach of the economic poor. Access to credit and cumbersome subsidy delivery mechanisms have been perceived as the major factors affecting the expansion of rural electrification by the stakeholders, requiring innovation in the credit and subsidy delivery system so that a larger rural population can be given ac-cess to electrification. / QC 20110502

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to fill the existing gap in the literature connected to project strategywithin the Swedish fiber infrastructure regarding the subsidy program announced by the Post- andTelecom Authority. To fulfill the purpose and address the research area two research questions have beendeveloped: RQ1: How do private companies design their project strategy competing for subsidies? RQ2:In what way does the business environment affect the design of the project strategy? Method: The study has used a qualitative research method based on a single private incumbent firmwithin the fiber infrastructure industry in Sweden. The study is based on existing literature on the subjectand complemented with 22 interviews divided into three stages to secure the quality of the data collection.The data were analyzed through a thematic analysis, which laid the foundation for the study's findings. Findings: The section presents four stages that intend to increase understanding of the subsidy program'sproject strategy and the business environment. The findings resulted in four parts, the Post- and TelecomAuthority subsidy program, the project in relation to the business environment, a life-cycle of the project,and lastly, a conceptual framework of the project strategy. The project strategy consists of sixcomponents: sub-goals, project organization and structure, risk, cost calculation, knowledge ofcompetition, and competitive tender. The strategy needs to include these components to create acompetitive tender and achieve the project goals and objectives. However, the competitive businessenvironment and Post- and Telecom Authority rules and regulations limit how the strategy can bedesigned and operationalized. Theoretical and practical implications: The study agrees with prior literature, which presents thatproject strategy is vital for project success (Shenhar et al., 2007), and that risk is a highly prominentcomponent affecting the strategy (Carbonara et al., 2015). However, the study presents new perspectiveson project strategy within public private partnerships on the Swedish fiber infrastructure and whichcomponents are the most prominent in the specific project. For managers, the study contributes with aframework intended to help assess these crucial components affecting the project strategy within theexisting context. This is to guide and assist managers in designing a more efficient project strategy andmitigates the risks associated with the subsidy program. Limitations and future research: This study is limited to investigating the project strategy related to thesubsidy program issued by the Swedish Post- and Telecom Authority. Further, the study is only based onone case company that does not present a holistic view of the project strategy of all actors involved. Thisindicating future research should investigate other companies within the market and especially publicfiber net owners with different goals and targets.

Despite 25 years of concerted efforts by African governments to adopt consistent policies for increasing food production, hunger and poverty are still prevalent in the continent. Using Bernanke's conceptualization of the credit channel theory of monetary policy, the purpose of this correlational study was to investigate whether a subsidy program, the National Accelerated Agricultural Inputs Access Program (NAAIAP), affected the rates of fertilizer usage and food production in Kakamega County, Western Kenya. Purposive stratified sampling was used to select 114 participants consisting of 72 farmers in each of the 2 groups: NAAIAP beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries. Participants completed a survey on fertilizer usage rates, income earned, and surplus maize yield. Data were analyzed using multiple regression to test whether there was a difference between the beneficiary and nonbeneficiary groups regarding income, surplus product, and the dependent variable of fertilizer usage. Results indicated that beneficiaries of NAAIAP credit program bought and prepared to use fertilizers significantly earlier than did their counterparts. Further, the results of multiple regression indicated significant positive correlation (p <.05) between income earned from sale of surplus maize yield and quantity of fertilizer used by farmers in Kakamega County. These findings suggest that NAAIAP improved food security and farmers' income in Kakamega Count. This study contributes to social change by recommending to subsidy program administrators in Kakamega County to consider policy changes. Such policy changes may improve program outreach to resource-poor farmers and improve income and product yield in the agricultural sector of Kenya.

Prisutvecklingen på bostäder har under en längre tid växt i en snabbare takt än inkomstutvecklingen. De bakomliggande faktorerna till prisutvecklingen har varit sjunkande bolåneräntor samt ett bostadsbyggande som understigit befolkningstillväxten. Till följd av låga räntor har allt fler svenska hushåll efterfrågat en högre belåningsgrad samt skuldkvot, vilket inneburit samhällsrisker för den svenska ekonomin. För att hämma en fortsatt prisutveckling har flera kreditregler införts. Med bakgrund av nuvarande kreditregler samt en hyresmarknad som kännetecknas av allt längre kötider har inträdesbarriären till bostadsmarknaden blivit än mer ansträngt för unga vuxna samt förstagångsköpare. Vi har i vår studie jämfört och utvärderat ett statligt garanterat startlån och Boligsparing For Ungdom som eventuella åtgärder som underlättar bostadssituationen för unga samt förstagångsköpare. Genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med personer verksamma inom finansiella aktörer samt egna kalkyler har vi ställt dessa förslag mot varandra med hänsyn till dess effekt, kostnader, sparhorisont och socioekonomiska effekter. Resultatet visar att en svensk BSU-variant skulle ge många unga ett starkt incitament att spara i en mindre riskfylld sparform samt bidra till positiva samhällseffekter med en större sparmedvetenhet. Problemet är att effekten är låg i jämförelse med startlånet samt att stora skattesubventioner blir riktade mot samhällsgrupper som har möjlighet att spara. Med detta i åtanke kan ett bosparsystem förvisso vara ett åtgärdsverktyg för att sänka ungas tröskel in till bostadsmarknaden, men att fler lösningar krävs för en lösning på dagens bostadssituation. / The price development on residential housing has for a long time surpassed the growth rate of income in Sweden. A drop in mortgage rates and a construction deficit to population growth are the main underlying reasons for higher housing prices. As a result of low interest rates, Swedish households are significantly becoming more and more leveraged, leading to potential risk elements to the Swedish economy. To curb further price increases new credit rules have been implemented on housing. Due to current credit regulation and a rental market out of balance with long queue times, the access to the housing market is getting out of sight for young adults and first-time buyers. In our study we have examined and compared a government guaranteed second mortgage and the Boligsparing For Ungdom as potential actions to help the situation for young adults and first-time buyers. We have by conducting semi-structured interviews with financial institutions and our own calculations, compared these two options against each other in terms of their effect on saving horizon, costs and socioeconomic implications. The result of the study shows that a Swedish BSU-system would give many youngsters a strong incentive to save in a safe savings form and add positive effects to society with a greater awareness on the importance of savings. The downside with BSU is that it has a lower effect compared to the second mortgage and that large tax subsidies will be aimed towards society groups that already have the ability to save money. Although many more options are needed to solve the current housing situation, a house savings program such as Boligsparing For Ungdom can still be a good tool to reduce the entrance barrier for youngsters.

This master’s thesis is dealing with the plan of reconstruction of the house in an effort to get closer to "near zero building". Total heat loss along with calculation of the cost of the house operation and the energy performance of buildings were computed for the given house. Then we have enclosed suggestions of individual methods of building´s insulation (replacing of windows, doors and gates, insulation of exterior walls, roof and ceiling between floor and attic) and a draft of a new technical building services (forced ventilation with heat recovery, photovoltaic system and heat pump). Furthermore, the suitability of the original heating system was evaluated and the also the energy performance for the renovated building was analyzed during the reconstruction. An economic evaluation was calculated for each method of reconstruction, together with the new green subsidy programme. At the end of the dissertation is drawn up the economic evaluation of the whole proposed reconstruction, together with an assessment, what class of the building we have achieved according to its the energy intensity.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education