Detta är en uppsats som handlar om Sun Studio under 1950 talet i USA, hur studion kom till och om dess grundare Sam Phillips och de tekniska tillgångarna och begränsningar som skapade ”soundet” för Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis, Ike Turner och många fler. Sam Phillips producerade många tidlösa inspelningar med ljudkaraktäristiska egenskaper som eftertraktas än idag. Med hjälp av litteratur-, ljud- och bildanalys beskriver jag hur musikern och producenten bakom musiken skapade det så kallade ”Sun Soundet”. Ett uppvaknande i musikvärlden för den afroamerikanska musiken hade skett och ingen skulle få hindra Phillips från att göra den hörd. För att besvara mina frågeställningar har texter, tidigare forskning och videomaterial analyserats. Genom den hermeneutiska metoden har intervjumaterial och dokumentärer varit en viktig källa i denna studie.

In this thesis the notion of a theoretical approach to the beginning stages of designing lighting for a theatrical production will be discussed. The topic being researched is: How a theoretical approach to entering the design process will enhance the final lighting design. The target audience for this study is theatrical lighting designers. A theoretical approach, in this case to the beginning of the design process, could be described as utilizing current dramatic theories to develop a better understanding for the design of this production. In order to better understand this topic one would need to know how the process of lighting design is typically created and where the theoretical approach is implemented. An issue with this approach is that the short period allowed for the design process does not allow sufficient time to utilize a theoretical approach in a real world setting. A way of determining if this process is effective is through personal self review. Journaling and discussion with my advisor for this production will be the method of data collection. The method of validation will be a self reflection at the end of the final performance. An issue with the collection process is its reliance on personal opinions, including the author’s. There are no ethical issues relating to this study. When applied, a theoretical approach to the design process will enhance the quality of the final lighting design through allowing the designer to be better prepared for a specific scene that he/she is struggling with.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1966 L735 / Master of Science

The solar corona is a highly complex and active plasma environment, containing many exotic phenomena such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections, prominences, coronal loops, and bright points. The fundamental element giving coherence to all this apparent diversity is the strong coronal magnetic field, the dominant force shaping the plasma there. In this thesis, I model the 3D magnetic fields of various coronal features using the techniques of magnetic charge topology (MCT) in a potential field. Often the real coronal field has departures from its potential state, but these are so small that the potential field method is accurate enough to pick out the essential information about the structure and evolution of the magnetic field. First I perform a topological analysis of the magnetic breakout model for an eruptive solar flare. Breakout is represented by a topological bifurcation that allows initially enclosed flux from the newly emerging region in my MCT model of a delta sunspot to reconnect out to large distances. I produce bifurcation diagrams showing how this behaviour can be caused by changing the strength or position of the emerging flux source, or the force-free parameter α. I also apply MCT techniques to observational data of a coronal bright point, and compare the results to 3D numerical MHD simulations of the effects of rotating the sources that underlie the bright point. The separatrix surfaces that surround each rotating source are found to correspond to locations of high parallel electric field in the simulations, which is a signature of magnetic reconnection. The large-scale topological structure of the magnetic field is robust to changes in the method of deriving point magnetic sources from the magnetogram. Next, I use a Green’s function expression for the magnetic field to relax the standard topological assumption of a flat photosphere and extend the concept of MCT into a spherical geometry, enabling it to be applied to the entire global coronal magnetic field. I perform a comprehensive study of quadrupolar topologies in this new geometry, producing several detailed bifurcation diagrams. These results are compared to the equivalent study for a flat photosphere. A new topological state is found on the sphere which has no flat photosphere analogue; it is named the dual intersecting state because of its twin separators joining a pair of magnetic null points. The new spherical techniques are then applied to develop a simple six-source topological model of global magnetic field reversal during the solar cycle. The evolution of the large-scale global magnetic field is modelled through one complete eleven-year cycle, beginning at solar minimum. Several distinct topological stages are exhibited: active region flux connecting across the equator to produce transequatorial loops; the dominance of first the leading and then the following polarities of the active regions; the magnetic isolation of the poles; the reversal of the polar field; the new polar field connecting back to the active regions; the polar flux regaining its dominance; and the disappearance of the transequatorial loops.

內容大要如下： 第一章、說明三民主義對吾人之時代需要，及其與時代環境的關係，並論當前民族主 義研究的重要，以及本文的研究方法。 第二章、主要說明 中山先生的民族主義思想浦源、歷史發展，並歸納出其內涵具有 文化、統一、理性、圓融等特性。再由此特性為基礎開展出三、四、五、六章的討論 主題。 第三章、先說明 中山先生民族主義的文化內涵，再論當前中國文化的危機，最後提 出當前文化民族主義的實踐方向。 第四章、先說明 中山先生民族主義的統一內涵，再論當前中國統一的障礙，最後提 出當前統一民族主義的實踐方向。 第五章、先說明 中山先生民族主義的理性內涵，再論當前國際上民族主義的危機， 最後提出當前理性民族主義的實踐方向。 第六章、先說明 中山先生民族主義圓融的內涵，再論民族文化與當前民權主義、民 生主義實踐的關係。 第七章、結論。

本論文自後殖民角度檢視英國劇作家彼德•謝弗之《皇家獵日》一劇。筆者論證，劇作家雖身為當代殖民國之一員，在劇中卻撻伐殖民主義且對被殖民者深表同情。此外，劇作家在劇中亦強調殖民者遭受之反撲，藉以呈現十六世紀時，西班牙與印加帝國跨文化接觸對被殖民者及殖民者造成之毀滅。 論文第二章探討謝弗在劇中對殖民的控訴。筆者援引薩依德（Edward W. Said）、西賽爾（Aimé Césaire）、戴蒙（Jared Diamond）及帕瑞克（Bhikhu Parekh）之觀點，分析殖民利益薰心的真面目及藉口。筆者試圖證明，劇作家藉由揭露劇中各殖民者汲汲營營追求各自的利益，表達他對此類唯利是圖的殖民者之唾棄及控訴。 第三章重點則在討論劇作家對劇中皮薩羅（Francisco Pizarro）此殖民者之矛盾的情感。劇作家一方面批評皮薩羅對印加帝國及其國王的迷思，另一方面又表達對此年邁又絕望的殖民者的同情。在探討劇作家對皮薩羅的批評時，筆者引用薩依德在《東方主義》（Orientalism）中對他者（the other）的探討。而討論劇作家對皮薩羅的憐憫時，筆者則並置歷史中之皮薩羅及劇作家呈現之皮薩羅，藉以比較出劇作家對此角色之同情。 筆者於論文第四章則著重在劇尾之探討。筆者援引梅彌（Albert Memmi）及西賽爾之觀點，指出事實上殖民對殖民者有一反撲之力量。劇末，不論是殖民者或被殖民者，其國家、宗教及個人都呈現出毀滅之狀。筆者認為，劇作家藉此結局表達對殖民（colonial apparatus）的強烈譴責，並傳遞「掠奪者必遭應得之懲罰」的訊息。此結局同時也透露出劇作家悲觀的情懷。 謝弗於1950年代創作此劇，於1964年上演，當時後殖民意識並不普遍，然有感於周遭大環境之改變，敏感如謝弗之劇作家，於劇中表達他的看法。謝弗一方面站在人道立場，表達他對被殖民者的同情，另一方面則試圖為殖民者表達其遭受殖民反撲之痛苦命運。此一探討殖民者受到的反撲於後殖民研究中相當罕見，謝弗這一觀點實為他的遠見及對後殖民研究的貢獻。 / This thesis examines The Royal Hunt of the Sun written by the British playwright, Peter Shaffer, from a post-colonial perspective. I argue that Shaffer, as a member of the twentieth-century colonial world, censures colonialism and holds a sympathetic attitude towards the colonized in The Royal Hunt of the Sun. Accentuating the backlash against the colonizer, the playwright presents the destructive force in the cross-cultural encounter for both the colonizer and the colonized. In chapter two I discuss Shaffer’s accusation of colonization. To analyze the profit-driven colonization and the pretexts adopted by the colonizers, I apply post-colonial and anthropological concepts expounded by Edward W. Said, Aimé Césaire, Jared Diamond, and Bhikhu Parekh. I maintain that by disclosing the colonizers’ fervent pursuit of interests in The Royal Hunt of the Sun, the playwright brings his accusation against both the colonizer and the act of colonization. After showing Shaffer’s common stance with most post-colonial scholars—accusation of colonization and sympathy for the colonized—I highlight in chapter three the playwright’s ambivalent sentiment of the colonial commander, Francisco Pizarro. To examine Shaffer’s critique of the Conquistador’s projected expectation of the Inca Empire and its king, I adopt Said’s criticism of Westerners’ stereotypical imagination of the other in Orientalism. I also juxtapose the historical Pizarro with Shaffer’s Pizarro and the turning point of Adela Quested’s attitude in the trial scene of E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India with the change of the colonial general’s attitude in The Royal Hunt of the Sun in order to demonstrate the playwright’s compassion for the aged colonial commander. Chapter four focuses on the discussion on the ending of the play. Albert Memmi’s and Césaire’s sharp points of colonization’s boomerang effects on the colonizer are brought into this discussion. I argue that the ending shows the playwright’s ultimate reprimand of colonial apparatus and his pessimistic attitude toward cross-cultural contact. The colonized as well as the colonizer is shown destroyed by colonization, and plunder, in whatever means, receives its deserved punishment. In the global post-colonial sentiment permeating the 1950s and 1960s when Shaffer wrote this play, the playwright expresses his concerns through this play. On the one hand, in the humanistic position, he is sympathetic to the colonized. On the other hand, he also attempts to stand in the perspective of the colonizers in order to express the backlash and harm the colonizers undergo. This perspective is indeed rare in the post-colonial study nowadays and can be treasured as Shaffer’s vision and contribution to the post-colonial study.

An autonomous, real-time orbit determination system was developed within thiswork for the next iteration of the University of W¨urzburg’s CubeSat programme.The algorithm only made use of magnetometer and sun sensors, which already wereimplemented on UWE-3, the third satellite in the programme. Previous developedsystems used the same approach, however the unique aspect in this work is thatthe algorithm was implemented using equinoctial elements.A Runge-Kutta-4 integrator propagated the orbit position using the orbit dynamicsunder the consideration of J2-perturbations. Afterwards, an Extended KalmanFilter corrected the position through processing the two measurements.The algorithm was then tested under multiple conditions. At first, a two weekstability test was conducted using simulated data, followed by a test with recordedsatellite data. These have shown a mean error of 13.2 km and 12.6 km respectively.Lastly, the algorithm was translated in to C and evaluated on a micro-controller.

Intermittent sun exposure and sun sensitivity factors are the most well described risk factors for the development of cutaneous melanoma (CM). Other potential environmental risks for CM, such as arsenic, are rarely examined. Total sun exposure has not been a consistent risk factor for CM, but recall bias in self-reporting sun exposure throughout life may limit the ability to detect a true association. Objective measures of sun exposure including remotely sensed ambient ultra-violet radiation (UVR) may allow for better capture of total sun exposure. In three chapters, spatially derived factors (ambient UVR, environmental soil arsenic, drinking water arsenic) were observed to determine their relevance in exposure assessment and subsequent risk for CM.UVR trends were investigated using available satellite data (1978-2014) to generate inferences for UVB changes over time in the United States. We found that UVB changed across the study area, but these changes lack biological relevance based on the magnitude of changes observed. Thus, a more objective measure of lifetime ambient sun exposure may be estimated using 30-year average UVR by month in future studies. The spatial correlation between environmental soil arsenic and drinking water across the state of Iowa was investigated. Arsenic concentrations in soil were not significantly spatially correlated with either municipal public water source or non-municipal water source arsenic concentrations. Based on these findings, soil arsenic may not serve as a valid surrogate marker for arsenic in drinking water.In Chapter 5, we assessed the relationship of spatially derived estimates of lifetime ambient UVR, environmental arsenic exposure from soil and drinking water, and CM in a population-based case-control study. Our findings suggest that total sun exposure is positively associated with CM, while arsenic concentration in environmental soil and drinking water were not associated. Sun exposure measured through ambient UVR exposure may allow for better understanding of the association between cumulative or total sun exposure and CM. Additionally, more studies need to be completed to estimate the potential risks for CM in regions where high arsenic concentrations may not be endemic.

There is compelling observational evidence for the existence of dark matter in the Universe, including our own Galaxy, which could possibly consist of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) not contained in the standard model (SM) of particle physics. WIMPs may get gravitationally trapped inside heavy celestial bodies of ordinary matter. The Sun is a nearby candidate for such a capture process which is driven by the scattering of WIMPs on its nuclei. Forming an over-density at the Sun's core the WIMPs would self-annihilate yielding energetic neutrinos, which leave the Sun and can be detected in experiments on Earth. The cubic-kilometer sized IceCube neutrino observatory, constructed in the clear glacial ice at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica offers an excellent opportunity to search for this striking signal. This thesis is dedicated to the search for these solar dark matter signatures in muon neutrinos from the direction of the Sun. Newly developed techniques based on hit clustering and hit-based vetos allow more accurate reconstruction and identification of events in the detector and thereby a stronger rejection of background. These techniques are also applicable to other IceCube analyses and event filters. In addition, new approaches to the analysis without seasonal cuts lead to improvements in sensitivity especially in the low-energy regime (<=100 GeV), the target of the more densely instrumented DeepCore sub-array. This first analysis of 369 days of data recorded with the completed detector array of 86 strings revealed no significant excess above the expected background of atmospheric neutrinos. This allows us to set strong limits on the annihilation rate of WIMPs in the Sun for the models probed in this analysis. The IceCube limits for the spin-independent WIMP-proton scattering cross-section are the most stringent ones for WIMP masses above 100 GeV. / IceCube

A tese é uma análise interpretativa do trecho conhecido como símile do Sol na obra República de Platão (508b-509b). Esta análise tem por base dois vieses: i) aquele das questões de relação entre autor e seus personagens, e das questões da relação dos personagens com o próprio drama vigente no diálogo; e ii) aquele das questões relativas à argumentação metafísica apresentada nesta parte do debate, seja quanto aos seus conteúdos, seja quanto aos métodos nela empregados. Estas duas perspectivas de abordagem do símile são atravessadas tendo como fio condutor da exegese o elemento dramático que o próprio autor Platão fez questão que se seguisse à exposição de Sócrates da analogia solar: a reação do personagem Glauco, sobretudo a seguinte passagem: E Glauco muito humorosamente falou: Ah, Apolo, mas que exagero extraordinário! (República VI 509c1-2). O símile do Sol assim é analisado segundo os seus possíveis aspectos de autoria, drama, comicidade e religiosidade, de um lado, e, do outro, segundo os aspectos de sua relação com alguns pontos filosóficos apresentados pelo próprio personagem Sócrates platônico no diálogo e alhures, como a assim chamada Teoria das Ideias, o chamado caminho mais longo, e alguns aludidos métodos de investigação. A partir disso, o presente estudo pretende discutir com, e lançar dúvidas sobre, algumas posições que a tradição da filosofia ocidental construiu nos séculos XX e XXI a respeito da Ideia de Bem dentro do texto da República. / This thesis is an interpretative analysis of the analogy known as simile of the Sun in Plato\'s Republic(508b-509b). The analysis is based on two perspectives: i) that of issues about relationship between author and his characters, and about relationship between the characters and own living drama in the dialogue; and ii) that of issues related to metaphysical argumentation presented in this part of work, whether about its contents or about its methods. In both these approach perspectives of the simile the exegesis\' leitmotiv is the dramatic element that author Plato himself decided put after Socrates\' exposition of analogy of sun: the reaction of character Glaucon, mainly this passage: And Glaucon very comically said: Oh, Apollo, what an extraordinary exaggeration! (RepublicVI 509c1-2). Therefore simile of Sun is analyzed according to its possible features of authorship, drama, comicality and religiosity, on one hand, and, on the other, according to its features about relationship between it and some points made by character Socrates himself in the dialogue and elsewhere, as so called Theory of Ideas, so called longer way, and some alluded to methods of inquiry. With these bases, this study intends discuss with, and cast doubts on, some positions developed at XX and XXI centuries by Western Philosophy tradition about Idea of Good within Republic\'s text.