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Abstract Sun Zi¡¦s Art of War , an outstanding masterpiece, now has become many countries¡¦ military and managerial scripture, such as Taiwan, China, America, Germany, Russia, Britain, France, Japan, ¡K etc. Owning profound charisma, the ancient Chinese product of wisdom provides unceasing treasury of edification, deep cerebration, and pragmatic core concept. It has been spread for two thousand years ago, and still prevails among the world now. So long can it be spread, not only it has the remarkable idea of an epoch, but also it has different and flexible elucidation for various environments and conditions. Thus, Sun Zi¡¦s Art of War can be applied in a variety of domains, e.g. military, diplomacy, economy, education, culture, management¡Ketc. Especially it is famous that US has applied the Sun Zi¡¦s Art of War in conducting in real war operation, and Japan has studied it for a long time and applied it in the business management. Thus, there must be much more enlightenment in the application of Sun Zi¡¦s Art of War for business management, particularly in the area of leadership, strategy, innovation and decision. The main purpose of this study is to use qualitative method to probe the implication of Sun Zi¡¦s Art of War, and to apply them in the area of leadership, strategy, innovation and decision. The conclusions of this research are: 1. In the domain of leadership, we get 2 important points¡G (1) Leadership is a matter of intelligence, trustworthiness, humaneness, courage, and sternness (Strategic Assessments);(2) If you know your soldiers are capable of striking, but do not know whether the enemy is invulnerable to a strike, you have half a chance of winning. If you know the enemy is vulnerable to a strike, but do not know if your soldiers are incapable of making such a strike, you have half a chance of winning. If you know the enemy is vulnerable to a strike, and know your soldiers can make the strike, but do not know if the lay of the land makes it unsuitable for battle, you have half a chance of winning. Therefore those who know martial arts do not wander when they move, and do not become exhausted when they rise up. So it is said that when you know yourself and others, victory is not in danger; when you know sky and earth, victory is inexhaustible. (Terrains ). The requisitions of a leader are to cultivate the style of majesty, to adapt himself to circumstances, to be a model of virtue for others, to adopt the honesty opinions, to absorb the profound knowledge, and to act enthusiastically and actively. 2. In the domain of strategy, we get 2 important points: (1) The general rule for use of the military is that it is better to keep a nation intact than to destroy it. It is better to keep an army intact than to destroy it, better to keep a division intact than to destroy it, better to keep a battalion intact than to destroy it, better to keep a unit intact than to destroy it (Planning A Siege); (2)Therefore those who win every battle are not really skillful -- those who render others' armies helpless without fighting are the best of all ( Planning A Siege). Firstly, we use the ¡§the judgement of structure¡¨ in the processes of strategic planning to analyze the internal and external environments of an enterprise, then define the problems clearly. Secondly, ¡§the number in mind¡¨ can be used in knowing the SWOT of a company. Thirdly, ¡§action in the selection of advantage¡¨ can plan the initiatives. Fourthly, ¡§the judgement of structure¡¨ can analyze the feasibility of initiatives. Fifthly, ¡§the creation of environments¡¨, ¡§win without fight¡¨, ¡§usage of detour and direct¡¨¡K.etc., will ascertain the future strategies. Sixthly, energize the organization to execute the ascertained strategies. Seventhly, to evolve a new style of strategy and to accumulate the resources. Eighthly, combine with the first item, then constitute an integral and effective process of planning. 3. In the domain of innovation ,we get 2 important points¡G (1) Therefore one who is good at martial arts overcomes others' forces without battle, conquers others' cities without siege, destroys others' nations without taking a long time. It is imperative to contest all factions for complete victory, so the army is not garrisoned and the profit can be total. This is the law of strategic siege ( Planning A Siege); (2) So to fail to know the conditions of opponents because of reluctance to give rewards for intelligence is extremely inhumane, uncharacteristic of a true military leader, uncharacteristic of an assistant of the government, uncharacteristic of a victorious chief ( Use Of Spies). The requisitions of a successful innovation are selection of an adequate leader, correct and precise diagnosis, determination of action plan, sincere and sufficient communication, right procession of innovation, and exactness of examination. 4. In the domain of decision ,we get 2 important points¡G (1) The flow of water is determined by the earth, the victory of a military force is determined by the opponent. So a military force has no constant formation, water has no constant shape: the ability to gain victory by changing and adapting according to the opponent is called genius (Emptiness and Fullness); (2)According to the rule of military operations, there are nine kinds of grounds.(Nine Grounds). According to the principles of resolution, emptiness & fullness, change, swiftness, completeness, advantages, scrutinization make decisions, Sun Zi believed that such principles will make the decisions easier to implement successfully.

Dissertation--Universität Trier, [2001]. / Bibliogr. p. 144-169.

No description available.

Thesis (M. Tech. degree in Journalism) -- Tshwane University of Technology 2009. / Provides a better understanding of the factors contributing to the overall success of the newspaper. A revised version of Machado's marketing mix model was used. The results showed how the elements of the marketing mix model had been successfully implemented.

One of the earliest indications of magnetic fields acting in the solar atmosphere came at the beginning of the 20th century when George Hale noted a "decided definiteness of structure" in photographs within the Hydrogen Balmer-alpha line core. Fine structure both in the chromosphere and in the corona result from processes that are not well understood but accepted as a consequence of the solar magnetic field. Our knowledge of this field is lacking, and until recently, the assumed relationship between fine thermal structure and the magnetic field remained untested. Here, spectropolarimetric diagnostics of fine structures in the solar chromosphere and cool corona are advanced using the infrared He I triplet at 1083 nm. Precise calibration procedures are developed for the Facility Infrared Spectropolarimeter (FIRS), recently commissioned at the Dunn Solar Telescope. Together with high-order adaptive optics, we simultaneously map fine structures while obtaining a polarimetric sensitivity of up to 2 x 10 ⁻⁴ of the incoming intensity. These instrument improvements result in the first maps of the He I polarized signatures within an active region superpenumbra, where Hale first recognized fine-structuring. Selective absorption and emission processes due to non-equilibrium optical pumping are recognized. Our interpretation, using advanced inversions of the He I triplet, provides confirmation of Hale's initial suspicion--the fine structures of the solar chromosphere are visual markers for the magnetic field. Yet, the fine chromospheric thermal structure is not matched by an equivalently fine magnetic structure. Our ability to measure this field suggests the utility of the He I triplet as an inner boundary condition for the inner heliospheric magnetic field. In the corona itself, we infer the vector properties of a catastrophically-cooled coronal loop, uniting space-based and ground-based instrumentation. We determine how fine loops are anchored in the photosphere via a narrow umbral flare, the consequence of a supersonic downflow of cooled material. A stereoscopic reconstruction as well as full-Stokes inversions of the He I measurements provide the first comparison of the 3D thermal structure and 3D magnetic structure of a fine-scaled coronal loop.

This essay deals with different survival strategies in Hemingway´s The Sun Also Rises, with a focus on three of the characters: Jake, Brett and Cohn. They all try to survive mentally in post-war Europe, and have different ways of handling their traumas.

It is a long-established view that Roman coins were used as a means to convey messages. The obverse (“heads”) of Roman imperial coins always bore the image of the emperor, but the reverse (“tails”) was not standardized as modern coinage is today. Coin reverses commonly had the image of a deity, usually an abstract concept such as “Health”, “Courage”, but they might also advertise the completion of a major new construction project (the Colosseum, a new aqueduct), or desired behaviour, such as “fertility” (ie, have more children) or “loyalty of the army”. Coins were used by many Romans, but especially to pay the army, and for that reason coin reverses are a useful way to trace propaganda during civil and foreign conflicts. The 3rd century AD was a challenging period for the Romans, with almost continuous warfare and over 50 emperors and pretenders between 235 and 285. The frequent appearance of the god Sol (the Sun) on coin reverses in this period is a marked departure from the standard range of religious motifs and attests a major shift away from Jupiter. This thesis will investigate coins as an index of change by exploring where and how frequently the image of Sol was used on coins in the half-century prior to the establishment of a lavish temple to Sol in Rome around AD 273-275.

A change in the atmospheric inventory of a greenhouse gas produces a radiative forcing on the atmosphere which results in climatic change. Thus to understand climate change resulting from perturbations to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations it is necessary to quantify the radiative forcing. Here, radiative forcings are presented for large changes in atmospheric CO2, CH4, and N2O in the modern atmosphere and large changes in atmospheric CO2, CH4 and 18 other gases for the Archean atmosphere. For the modern Earth, I present new calculations of radiative forcing at very high concentrations of CO2, CH4, and N2O, relevant to extreme anthropogenic climate change and paleoclimate studies. CO2 forcing is calculated over the range 100 ppmv to 50,000 ppmv. CH4, and N2O forcings are calculated over the range 100 ppbv to 100 ppmv. The sensitivity of these calculations to spatial averaging and tropopause definition are examined. I compare our results with the ``simplified expressions'' reported by IPCC, and find significant differences at high greenhouse gas concentrations. I provide new simplified expressions which agree much better with the calculated forcings, and suggest that these expressions be used in place of the IPCC expressions. Additionally, I provide meridionally resolved forcings which may be used to force simple and intermediate complexity climate models. For the Archean Earth, I present new calculations of radiative forcing for CO2 (10^-6 - 1 bar), CH4 (500 ppbv - 10,000 ppmv) and 18 other gases (10 ppbv - 10 ppmv). I aim to provide a set of radiative forcing and overlap calculations which can be used as a standard for comparisons. Radiative forcings are calculated for atmospheres with various N2 inventories (0.5, 1, and 2 bar). The effect of overlap and atmospheric pressure on radiative forcing are examined. The CO2 radiative forcings are consistent with previous work, however, I find significantly more shortwave absorption by CH4 than previously reported which may limit warming above 100 ppmv. For the 18 other gases, I find that significant radiative forcings result from low concentrations (<1 ppmv). These forcings are compared to those given in the literature. / Graduate / 0756 / 0608 / 0725 / bbyrne@uvic.ca

A change in the atmospheric inventory of a greenhouse gas produces a radiative forcing on the atmosphere which results in climatic change. Thus to understand climate change resulting from perturbations to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations it is necessary to quantify the radiative forcing. Here, radiative forcings are presented for large changes in atmospheric CO2, CH4, and N2O in the modern atmosphere and large changes in atmospheric CO2, CH4 and 18 other gases for the Archean atmosphere. For the modern Earth, I present new calculations of radiative forcing at very high concentrations of CO2, CH4, and N2O, relevant to extreme anthropogenic climate change and paleoclimate studies. CO2 forcing is calculated over the range 100 ppmv to 50,000 ppmv. CH4, and N2O forcings are calculated over the range 100 ppbv to 100 ppmv. The sensitivity of these calculations to spatial averaging and tropopause definition are examined. I compare our results with the ``simplified expressions'' reported by IPCC, and find significant differences at high greenhouse gas concentrations. I provide new simplified expressions which agree much better with the calculated forcings, and suggest that these expressions be used in place of the IPCC expressions. Additionally, I provide meridionally resolved forcings which may be used to force simple and intermediate complexity climate models. For the Archean Earth, I present new calculations of radiative forcing for CO2 (10^-6 - 1 bar), CH4 (500 ppbv - 10,000 ppmv) and 18 other gases (10 ppbv - 10 ppmv). I aim to provide a set of radiative forcing and overlap calculations which can be used as a standard for comparisons. Radiative forcings are calculated for atmospheres with various N2 inventories (0.5, 1, and 2 bar). The effect of overlap and atmospheric pressure on radiative forcing are examined. The CO2 radiative forcings are consistent with previous work, however, I find significantly more shortwave absorption by CH4 than previously reported which may limit warming above 100 ppmv. For the 18 other gases, I find that significant radiative forcings result from low concentrations (<1 ppmv). These forcings are compared to those given in the literature. / Graduate / 0756 / 0608 / 0725 / bbyrne@uvic.ca