Zugl.: Erlangen, Nürnberg, Univ., Diss., 2009

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Utrecht, 1975. / Summary in Dutch. Includes bibliographical references.

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A tese é uma análise interpretativa do trecho conhecido como símile do Sol na obra República de Platão (508b-509b). Esta análise tem por base dois vieses: i) aquele das questões de relação entre autor e seus personagens, e das questões da relação dos personagens com o próprio drama vigente no diálogo; e ii) aquele das questões relativas à argumentação metafísica apresentada nesta parte do debate, seja quanto aos seus conteúdos, seja quanto aos métodos nela empregados. Estas duas perspectivas de abordagem do símile são atravessadas tendo como fio condutor da exegese o elemento dramático que o próprio autor Platão fez questão que se seguisse à exposição de Sócrates da analogia solar: a reação do personagem Glauco, sobretudo a seguinte passagem: E Glauco muito humorosamente falou: Ah, Apolo, mas que exagero extraordinário! (República VI 509c1-2). O símile do Sol assim é analisado segundo os seus possíveis aspectos de autoria, drama, comicidade e religiosidade, de um lado, e, do outro, segundo os aspectos de sua relação com alguns pontos filosóficos apresentados pelo próprio personagem Sócrates platônico no diálogo e alhures, como a assim chamada Teoria das Ideias, o chamado caminho mais longo, e alguns aludidos métodos de investigação. A partir disso, o presente estudo pretende discutir com, e lançar dúvidas sobre, algumas posições que a tradição da filosofia ocidental construiu nos séculos XX e XXI a respeito da Ideia de Bem dentro do texto da República. / This thesis is an interpretative analysis of the analogy known as simile of the Sun in Plato\'s Republic(508b-509b). The analysis is based on two perspectives: i) that of issues about relationship between author and his characters, and about relationship between the characters and own living drama in the dialogue; and ii) that of issues related to metaphysical argumentation presented in this part of work, whether about its contents or about its methods. In both these approach perspectives of the simile the exegesis\' leitmotiv is the dramatic element that author Plato himself decided put after Socrates\' exposition of analogy of sun: the reaction of character Glaucon, mainly this passage: And Glaucon very comically said: Oh, Apollo, what an extraordinary exaggeration! (RepublicVI 509c1-2). Therefore simile of Sun is analyzed according to its possible features of authorship, drama, comicality and religiosity, on one hand, and, on the other, according to its features about relationship between it and some points made by character Socrates himself in the dialogue and elsewhere, as so called Theory of Ideas, so called longer way, and some alluded to methods of inquiry. With these bases, this study intends discuss with, and cast doubts on, some positions developed at XX and XXI centuries by Western Philosophy tradition about Idea of Good within Republic\'s text.

Orientadores: Jacobus Willibrordus Swart, Pierre Kaufmann / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T19:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_LuisOlavodeToledo_M.pdf: 8033391 bytes, checksum: 7b7a925bf8a485ca4f76b7c8380299b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O telescópio solar submilimétrico operando nas freqüências de 212 e 405 GHz detectou uma nova componente espectral das emissões de explosões solares, com máximo em algum ponto da faixa Terahertz, simultaneamente com a conhecida componente espectral em microondas, trazendo sérios desafios para interpretação. O diagnostico deste tipo de emissão transiente em freqüências THz traz desafios tecnológicos que são objetivo deste estudo. Este projeto consiste em um estudo das características de filtros e sensores não refrigerados para aplicação em projeto aeroespacial na faixa Terahertz do espectro eletromagnético. Foram estudados e caracterizados detectores bolométrico, piroeletrico, e optoacustico, precedidos por filtros passa-baixa que suprimem a radiação na faixa do visível e infravermelho próximo do espectro eletromagnético, filtros passa-banda centrados na freqüência THz desejada, e modulador mecânico. O detector a célula de Golay mostrou ser o mais sensível. Foi selecionado para o protótipo de fotômetro THz que serviu para definir parâmetros de projeto para o modelo de vôo, para observação solar fora da atmosfera terrestre, em balões estratosféricos, satélites, ou estações no solo com atmosfera excepcionalmente transparente. O sistema foi concebido para observar todo o disco solar e detectar pequenas variações relativas de temperatura causadas por explosões em regiões especifica do Sol. Obteve-se mínima detectabilidade de variações relativas de temperatura da ordem de 1 K com resolução temporal de subsegundo / Abstract: The solar submillimeter-wave telescope, operating at 212 and 405 GHz frequencies detected a new flare spectral component emission, peaking in the THz range, simultaneously with the well known microwaves component, bringing challenging constrains for interpretation. The diagnostics of this kind of transient emission at THz frequencies also bring technical challenges, which are the subject of this study. The project consists in a study of the characteristics of filters and uncooled detectors for aerospace project application at THz range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Three types of uncooled sensors were tested: bolometric, pyroelectric, and optoacoustic, proceeded by low-pass filters to suppress the visible and infrared radiation, band-pass filter centered at THz frequency, and a chopper. The Golay cell sensor was considered the most sensible detector of all, and was selected for the photometer prototype THz system to observe the Sun outside the terrestrial atmosphere on stratospheric balloons or satellites, or at exceptionally transparent ground stations. The system was designed to observe the whole solar disk detecting small relative changes in input temperature caused by flares at localized positions of the Sun. The minimum relative temperature variation detected was about 1 K with subsecond time resolution / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

M.A. / The Nigeria-Biafra War has elicited a corpus of literature which thematises the hydra-headed problematic of nationhood that embodies ethnicity, politics and history. A recent contribution is Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s award-winning Half of a Yellow Sun (henceforth, Yellow Sun) which reveals interesting affinities between Adichie and Chinua Achebe, and suggests the influence of Achebe on her. The centrality of Biafra to these writers (both are of Igbo or ‘Biafran’ extraction) foregrounds concerns about the links between literary production, identity politics and the narrative of the nation. At a time marked by the resurgence of sub-nationalist notions in Nigeria, it becomes fitting to review the growing ‘Biafra discourse’ as enunciated in recent Nigerian fiction. It is argued that in Yellow Sun and Achebe's most recent novel Anthills of the Savannah (henceforth, Anthills) both writers espouse notions of nationhood which privilege the ethnic group mainly through a valorisation of the Igbo people of south-eastern Nigeria who constituted the defunct Biafra republic. This dissertation examines how both novels depict difference and deploy historical revision to fetishise ethnic identity in their enunciation of ethno-nationalism. It also explores the degree to which Yellow Sun may reflect the influence of Anthills, both ideologically and stylistically. In this regard, the study interrogates the peculiar narratological features of both novels. The predominant research method applied is close reading, and the theoretical framework incorporates theories of narratology, influence and intertextuality as well as postcolonial notions of nationalism, historicisation, difference and representation. The study draws significantly on the scholarship of Frederic Jameson, Mieke Bal, Harold Bloom and Imre Szeman among others. Keywords: narratology, nationalism, historicisation, representation, ethnicity, difference, other/otherness/othering, representation, intertextuality, Nigeria, Biafra, civil war.

The extreme temperatures and nonthermal nature of the solar corona and solar wind arise from an unidentified physical mechanism that preferentially heats certain ion species relative to others. Spectroscopic indicators of unequal temperatures commence within a fraction of a solar radius above the surface of the Sun, but the outer reach of this mechanism has yet to be determined. Here we present an empirical procedure for combining interplanetary solar wind measurements and a modeled energy equation including Coulomb relaxation to solve for the typical outer boundary of this zone of preferential heating. Applied to two decades of observations by the Wind spacecraft, our results are consistent with preferential heating being active in a zone extending from the transition region in the lower corona to an outer boundary 20-40 solar radii from the Sun, producing a steady-state super-massproportional a-to-proton temperature ratio of 5.2-5.3. Preferential ion heating continues far beyond the transition region and is important for the evolution of both the outer corona and the solar wind. The outer boundary of this zone is well below the orbits of spacecraft at 1 au and even closer missions such as Helios and MESSENGER, meaning it is likely that no existing mission has directly observed intense preferential heating, just residual signatures. We predict that the Parker Solar Probe will be the first spacecraft with a perihelion sufficiently close to the Sun to pass through the outer boundary, enter the zone of preferential heating, and directly observe the physical mechanism in action.

This thesis proposes to show that Hemingway's novels reveal a change of attitude which culminates in an increased faith in the ultimate goodness and dignity of man.

The main purpose of the sun visor is to prevent the driver and passengers to get blinded by the sunlight. It is essential that the sun visor is not blocking the view and that the driver has a clear line of sight so that collisions can be prevented. However, the solution of today is limited as it only covers superior parts of the light and its functionality depends on the head position of the driver and passengers. Therefore, ÅF has initiated this thesis project to develop and improve the product with the goal to further prevent the driver and passengers from being blinded by the sunlight. The scope of the project is to generate new concepts for the sun visor using product development methods. The product development process involves various phases. Collecting and identifying customer needs and wishes resulted in a detailed requirement specification. Competitor analysis, or benchmarking, was conducted to create awareness of what already exists on the market. New concepts were created by two separate brainstorming sessions. These new concepts were evaluated by concept screening and concept scoring matrices and a final concept was chosen for further development. The final concept was modeled and developed with all necessary components in CAD with help of the software Catia V5. A material selection was performed on the new components with help of CES Edupack and a final material suggestion for each component was presented. The new sun visor consists of a sun curtain that is connected to profiles in the WEM cover and the a-pillar. An electric motor in combination with a spring regulates the upward and downward motion of the sun visor to a precise position. The driver or passenger can regulate the height of the sun curtain by pushing a button. An advantage with the new design is that it eliminates the leakage between the sun visor and the WEM cover and to the a-pillar. The designed sun visor does not fit in the current interior of the driver compartment but has been created as close as possible to fit the current space with only small adjustments to the interior. In addition, the components of the new sun visor needs to be redesigned, mainly the WEM cover, to allow the new sun visor to reach down to the lowest allowed point. The new concept has the potential to increase the visibility more efficient than the standard sun visor. / Solskyddets huvuduppgift är att förhindra att föraren och passagerarna blir bländade av solljus. Det är viktigt att solskyddet inte blockerar sikten samt att föraren har fri sikt så att kollisioner kan förebyggas. Dock är dagens lösning begränsad eftersom den endast täcker en viss del av det inkommande ljuset och dess funktion är beroende av huvudets position. Därför vill ÅF utveckla och förbättra dagens produkt till ett nytt koncept med hjälp av produktutvecklingsmetoder som förhindrar att föraren och passagerarna blir bländade. Produktutvecklingsprocessen omfattar olika faser. Genom att samla och identifiera kundernas behov och önskemål kunde en detaljerad kravspecifikation erhållas. Konkurrensanalys genomfördes för att skapa medvetenhet om vad som redan finns på marknaden idag. Nya koncept skapades genom brainstormning. Dessa nya koncept utvärderades genom konceptscreening och konceptscoring och ett slutgiltigt koncept valdes för vidareutveckling. Det slutgiltiga konceptet designades och utvecklades med alla ingående komponenter i CAD med hjälp av programvaran Catia V5. Ett materialval utfördes på de nya komponenterna med hjälp av CES Edupack och ett slutgiltigt materialvalsförslag för varje komponent presenterades. Det nya solskyddet består av en gardin som är kopplad till profiler i WEM covern och a-stolpen. En elektrisk motor i kombination med en fjäder kontrollerar solskyddets uppåtgående och nedåtgående rörelse till en exakt position. Föraren eller passageraren kan reglera höjden på solskyddet genom att trycka på en knapp. En fördel med det nya solskyddet är att läckage har eliminerats mellan solskyddet och WEM cover samt a-stolpen. Det nya solskyddet får dock inte plats i den nuvarande interiören men har designats så nära som möjligt för att passa i det aktuella utrymmet med endast små ändringar av interiören. Dessutom måste vissa komponenter designas om, huvudsakligen WEM covern, på grund av att gardinen inte går hela vägen ner till den lägsta tillåtna punkten. Det nya konceptet har dock potential att blockera det inkommande ljuset effektivare än det nuvarande solskyddet.