A fitoalexina trans-resveratrol foi quantificada em vinhos varietais tintos brasileiros elaborados no Rio Grande do Sul, tendo sido determinado o valor médio de 2,57 mg.L-1, com os varietais Merlot, Sangiovese e Tannat sendo aqueles com teores mais elevados deste produto natural. Foram analisados, também. sucos de uva comerciais de preparo convencional e ecológico, mostrando valores médios de 1,01 e 1,98 mg.L-1, respectivamente. Foram desenvolvidas estratégias para as sínteses catalíticas seletivas dos moduladores seletivos de receptores de estrogênio trans-resveratrol e (Z)-tamoxifeno. Duas rotas foram apresentadas para a síntese de resveratrol e três rotas em desenvolvimento para a preparação de triariletilenos e tamoxifeno. As rotas de síntese dos compostos triariletileno utilizaram substratos até o momento originais para a obtenção de tamoxifeno, apresentando potencial e versatilidade para virem a se constituir em alternativas viáveis para sua obtenção em larga escala. / The natural product trans-resveratrol was quantified in southern brazilian red wines. The analytical methodology developed for thoose analyses showed good linearity, reproductibility and short analysis time. The average value achieved for the transresveratrol concentratios in wines was 2.57 mg.L-1. Some grape juice samples were also analyzed, showing mean values of 1.01 mg.L-1 for conventional juices and 1.98 mg.L1 for ecological ones. New resveratrol and tamxoxifen synthesis protocol were explored. Some new contributions on this field was achieved on applying transition metal catalysis in order to perform thoose syntheses. Two methods for trans-resveratrol synthesis are about to be completed as well as, at least, two new synthesis for tamxifen and other triarylethylene compounds.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as opiniões de violinistas egressos do Centro Suzuki de Santa Maria sobre o método Suzuki, descrevendo as influências do método na vida pessoal desses instrumentistas, examinando as contribuições do ensino através do método e analisando algumas críticas feitas ao método. Neste estudo empreguei o método de survey. Através dele foram selecionados quatorze ex-alunos que começaram a estudar violino pelo método Suzuki com a professora irmã Wilfried. As informações foram coletadas por meio de questionário enviado eletronicamente. Os dados foram confrontados com a literatura sobre o método Suzuki apresentada neste trabalho através de textos do próprio Suzuki (1994) e de outros autores, como Penna (1998a, 1998b), Gerling (1989), Mark (1986), Priest (1989), Hargreaves (1986), entre outros. Entre os resultados desta investigação, pude constatar uma forte concordância com o método por parte dos investigados. Além disso, a maioria deles considera o método Suzuki como o melhor método para o ensino da música e do instrumento, principalmente no que se refere ao ensino para crianças e à sociabilidade que se dá através do tocar em grupo.

The development of new, efficient methods for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds using transition metal catalysis has broad applications in the field of organic chemistry and is the key to efficient chemical synthesis. Many efforts had been made to develop efficient ways to make these linkages particularly with the aid of metals such as Rh, Pd, Ni, Ru and Cu. Our group is primarily focused on exploring how these transition metals can activate typically inert functional groups, paving way to new synthetic routes to construct more complex molecules. Chapter 1 describes attempts that were conducted to achieve hydroacylation between an aldehyde and a non-conjugated alkene via a metal hydride intermediate. The use of RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3 proved to be the most efficient catalyst for this transformation thus far. Mechanistic investigations were conducted to explore different possibilities to enable this transformation. This chapter also identifies a new self-aldol domino reaction, which consists of a self-aldol condensation of an aldehyde, followed by oxidation and decarbonylation giving rise to a ketone product. Finally, the use of a simple and direct method to access deuterated aldehydes using RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3 as a catalyst and D2O as a deuterium source is outlined. Chapter 2 describes a novel Suzuki-Miyaura system that couples esters and boronic esters to form the corresponding ketone product. It was found that an NHC-based Pd catalyst is crucial in the transformation wherein it activates the C(acyl)-O bond of the ester. It is notable that this transformation takes place with the absence of decarbonylation. Reactivity under water in the presence of surfactants was also discovered. Results in aqueous media were demonstrated to be milder than in organic conditions, while achieving similar yields. This system was also applied to coupling of esters and anilines.

Analýza marketingového mixu s využitím metod segmentace trhu a benchmarkingu. Nalezení slabých míst a jejich eliminace. Přehodnocení dosavadní marketingové strategie.

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Darbe aptariamas Sh. Suzuki „Motinos kalbos“ metodas, jo taikymo galimybės mokant groti gitara, siekiant atskleisti metodo išskirtinumą, praktiškumą ugdyme, humaniškumo svarbą ugdant. / The Sh. Suzuki “Mother Tongue” method and its application possibilities in teaching to play the guitar, are discussed in the final paper.

As cumarinas são compostos com potente atividade biológica. Foi explorada sua funcionalização, iniciando pela sua bromação, gerando o composto 3-bromocumarina, utilizado como material de partida para as reações de acoplamento do tipo Suzuki-Miyaura, que são uma das reações mais empregadas para a formação de ligação carbono-carbono, a qual utiliza paládio como catalisador e ácidos e ésteres borônicos como nucleófilo. Esses ácidos e ésteres borônicos possuem desvantagens, por isso foram substituídos pelos sais de organotrifluoroboratos de potássio, que são mais nucleofílicos, estáveis à umidade e à luz e não são higroscópicos. Assim, foi associada a catacterística reativa da cumarina para gerar derivados cumarínicos. Foram utilizados sais de ariltrifluoroboratos de potássio na primeira etapa e alquiniltrifluoroboratos de potássio na segunda etapa. Após o término destas duas etapas, foi utilizado o acoplamento de Sonogashira para a geração de um segundo material de partida, o 3-etiniltrimetilsililcumarínico, para poder sintetizar os 1,2,3-triazolilcumarínicos através da 1,3-dipolar cicloadição de Huisgen. Os 1,2,3-triazóis também possuem vasta atividade biológica, sendo de grande interesse sua preparação. / The coumarins are compounds with great biologic activity, for this reason in this dissertation we explored the functionalization beginning with bromination, generating the compound 3-bromocoumarin, used as starting material for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions.The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions is one of the most employed protocol for carbon-carbon bond formation that use palladium as catalyst, boronic acid and ester as nucleophiles. But this boronic acid and ester have drawback and were substituted for potassium organotrifluoroborate salts that are more nucleophilic, moisture and light stable and are not hygroscopic. In this context, we associated the coumarin reactivity characteristic with the methodology mentioned above for create coumarin derivatives. We used potassium aryltrifluoroborate salts in the first step and potassium alkynyltrifluoroborate salts for the second step. After finished both steps mentioned before, we used the Sonogashira coupling to create the second starting material, the 3-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)-2H-chromen-2-one, so we could synthesize the 1,2,3-triazolyl coumarins through Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddtion. The 1,2,3-triazole also have a huge biologic activity, that represent a large interest for your preparation.

Les composés organoborés constituent des outils remarquables en synthèse organique de par leur chimie très diversifiée. Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire abordent de nouveaux aspects de leur réactivité. Une méthode de synthèse rapide et efficace de 9-hydroxyfluorènes est décrite via une séquence tandem Suzuki/ aldolisation phénolique. Ce processus a été ensuite étendu aux 9-aminofluorènes en ajoutant simplement comme troisième partenaire diverses amines au milieu réactionnel. Des hypothèses mécanistiques sont proposées pour rationaliser ces résultats expérimentaux. Dans une deuxième partie, est présentée une étude articulée autour de la mise en œuvre de réactions ène sur des diènes borylés 1,3. Les produits ainsi obtenus sont ensuite utilisés comme intermédiaires clé de structures polycycliques plus complexes. Enfin, le troisième chapitre est consacré à une nouvelle voie d'accès aux pyrroles C-fusionnés à partir de diènes cycliques borylés, ces derniers étant préparés par hydroboration d'énynes, bora-Wittig ou métathèse. Une grande diversité structurale est alors accessible à partir de ces précurseurs d'accès aisé. / Organoboron compounds are remarkable tools in organic synthesis due to their very diversified chemistry. The work presented in this thesis addresses new aspects of their reactivity. A rapid and efficient synthesis of 9-hydroxyfluorenes is described via a tandem Suzuki/phenol aldolisation sequence. This process was then extended to 9-aminofluorenes by simply adding various amines to the reaction medium as the third partner. Mechanistic hypotheses are proposed to rationalize these experimental results. In a second part, was presented a study articulated around the implementation of ene reactions on borylated 1,3-dienes. The products thus obtained are then used as key intermediates of more complex polycyclic scaffolds. Finally, the third chapter is dedicated to a new access to C-fused pyrroles from borylated cyclic dienes, the latter being prepared by hydroboration of enynes, boron-Wittig or metathesis reactions. A great structural diversity is then accessible from these easily prepared precursors.