Darbe nagrinėjama su priverstiniais akcijų pirkimo – pardavimo būdais ir jų įgyvendinimu susiję klausimai. Autorius išskiria penkis savarankiškus priverstinio akcijų pirkimo – pardavimo būdus. Priverstinis akcijų (dalių, pajų) pardavimas, priverstinis akcijų pardavimas dėl negalėjimo įgyvendinti teises, privalomas oficialus pasiūlymas ir privalomas akcijų pardavimas ir pirkimas. Aukščiau minėtų institutų reglamentavimas Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktuose yra pakankamas, tačiau šių institutų naujumas, teismų praktika ir normų išaiškinimo stoka paskatino detaliai aptarti ir išanalizuoti galiojusias ir tebegaliojančias priverstinio akcijų pirkimo – pardavimo būdų įgyvendinimo procedūrą nustatančias taisykles. Atsižvelgiant į tai, jog keli privalomo akcijų pirkimo – pardavimo įgijimo būdai yra sureglamentuoti Europos Sąjungos mąstu, taikant lyginamąjį, loginį, sisteminį ir istorinį metodus, aptariamas Europos Sąjungos teisės aktuose nustatytas reglamentavimas bei jo įgyvendinimas Lietuvos Respublikoje. Magistriniame darbe stengiamasi griežtai atskirti kiekvieną priverstinį akcijų pirkimo – pardavimo būdą bei jį individualizuoti. Nepaisant institutų skirtingo reglamentavimo lygio, autorius nuosekliai aptaria kiekvieno priverstinio akcijų pirkimo - pardavimo sąvoką, požymius, principus. Priverstinis akcijų (dalių, pajų) pardavimo institutas buvo perimtas iš vienu moderniausių laikomo Olandijos Civilinio kodekso ir perlkeltas į Lietuvos Respublikos Civilinį kodeksą. Išsamiai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The analysis is being focused on the matters connected with means of forced sale and purchase of shares and its realization. Author excludes five independent means of forced sale and purchase of shares. Forced sale of shares (interest, contribution), forced sale of shares (interest, contribution) due to the failure to exercise the Rights properly, mandatory bid, squeeze-out and sell-out rule. The regulation of institutions mention above in the legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania is sufficient, however the novelty of institutions, the lack of judicial precedents and interpretation of law encouraged author to analyze and interpret the rules of forced sale and purchase of shares that were existing and that still exist. Considering that same means of forced sale and purchase of shares are regulated the legal acts of European Union, applying the historical, systemic, comparison and logical methods the regulation of legal acts of European Union and its implementation in the acts of the Republic of Lithuania is being analyzed. It is tried strictly to exclude every mean of forced sale and purchase of shares and to individualize each. Despite the different level of regulation, author successively discusses conception, signs and principles of every forced sale and purchase of shares. Forced sale of shares (interest, contribution) was being taken from one of the modest civil code of Netherlands and implemented in civil code of the Republic of Lithuania. Exhaustively revealing the... [to full text]

Darbo analizės objektas – teisių pirkimo-pardavimo teisinių santykių aktualijos ir problematika Lietuvos Respublikos jurisdikcijos viduje. Kartu, siekiant atlikti gilesnį tyrimą, paraleliai buvo analizuojamos kitų kontinentinės Europos teisės tradicijos šalių bei bendrosios teisės tradicijos šalių civilinės teisės sistemos. Darbe išnagrinėtos plačiausiai civilinėje apyvartoje kitų asmenų nuosavybėn už atlyginimą perleidžiamos (t.y. parduodamos) turtinės teisės. Sąlyginai pagal teisinę prigimtį ir esmę, darbe išskiriamos keturios turtinių teisių, galinčių būti savarankiškais civilinių teisių objektais, grupės: (1) prievolinės teisės (kreditoriaus reikalavimo teisė, nuomos teisė); (2) daiktinės teisės, kurios pirkėjui nepereina kartu su nuosavybės teisės turinį sudarančiomis teisėmis, t.y. hipotekos ir įkeitimo teisės; (3) teisės, atsirandančios iš intelektinės veiklos rezultatų; ir (4) paveldėjimo teisės. Didžiausias dėmesys darbe yra skiriamas kreditoriaus reikalavimo teisių į skolininką pirkimo-pardavimo institutui, atskirai išskiriant faktoringą – specialią finansavimo sutartį, pagal kurią įstatymu nustatytam finansuotojui (faktoriui) yra perleidžiami išimtinai piniginiai reikalavimai. Pažymėtina, kad darbo autorė atliko sisteminę visų aptariamų turtinių teisių grupių atlygintinos apyvartos analizę. Jos pagrindu buvo išsamiai ištirti ryšiai tarp skirtingų teisių pirkimo-pardavimo sutarčių sudarymo bei vykdymo, negaliojimo pagrindų. Taip pat surastos reikšmingos sąsajos tarp... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the work is issues and problems which occur within the jurisdiction of the Republic of Lithuania. In parallel, civil law systems of other traditional continental European legal states as well as traditional common law states are analyzed, in order to perform more thoughtful research. This work scrutinizes the economic rights in civil circulation that are most commonly transferred, i.e. sold, to the property of third parties. According to the legal nature and essence of economic rights, which could be independent objects of civil rights, four groups of rights are distinguished: (1) obligatory rights (creditor’s right to claim the right to lease); (2) property rights, which are not transferred to the buyer along with the rights that constitute the content of ownership rights, i.e. rights of hypothec and mortgage; (3) rights of intellectual property and (4) rights of succession (inheritance). In the work, most attention is paid to the institute of sale of creditor’s right to claim from a debtor, distinguishing factoring, a special financing agreement under which only monetary demands are transferred for the entitled creditor (the factor). It must be noted that the author conducted a systematic analysis of the financial turnover of all four mentioned economic rights groups. On the basis of the analysis, relationships between different principles of sale of rights contracts, their execution and invalidity are considered. It is also detected that important connections... [to full text]

Šiandieninėje konkurencinėje aplinkoje vienas iš kriterijų, užtikrinančių įmonės gyvavimą ir pelno didėjimą, yra lojalių klientų turėjimas ir gebėjimas juos valdyti. Įmonėms rekomenduojama pasirinkti tinkamą aptarnavimo strategiją, kurios dėka galima auginti lojalių klientų ratą ir didinti įmonės pelną. Baigiamojo darbo tikslas pristatyti aptarnavimo strategijos modelį, kuriuo vadovaujantis, galima užtikrinti kokybišką klientų aptarnavimą, įtakojantį lojalių klientų skaičių bei įmonės pelną. / Customer loyalty and ability to manage them is one of the key points to assure profit and company viability in today's competitive environment. Companies are encouraged to choose the right service strategy, which makes it possible to grow a loyal customer base and increase company profit. The main goal of the final work is to present a service strategy model, which makes companies possible to ensure quality customer service, influence a number of loyal customer and the company's profits.

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Taking into account that preliminary sale - purchase agreement of real estate is an important and frequently used legal instrument in Lithuanian legal relationship but legal research on such agreement is poor, also case law on this issue is not consistent, this master thesis is analyzing the problems of practical use of preliminary sale – purchase agreement of real estate in Lithuanian civil legal relationship. The place of such agreement in pre-contractual and general civil legal relationship, the obligatory and other conditions of such agreement, civil liability for the breach of preliminary sale - purchase agreement of real estate, the interaction between the preliminary and primary agreement are also discussed in this master thesis. The main tendencies of application of the preliminary sale – purchase agreement of real estate in Lithuanian law and the basic elements of such agreement are described in this master thesis, also the definition of preliminary sale – purchase agreement of real estate is given. The evaluation of essential features which distinguish the preliminary sale – purchase agreement of real estate and primary sale - purchase agreement of real estate, also the criteria which allow to distinguish them are discussed. Also a great attention is paid to payments according to terms and conditions of the preliminary sale – purchase agreement of real estate. Security of obligation deriving from such agreement is also an object of this master thesis. On the basis... [to full text]

Chapter 2 undertakes a new investigation of the potential for options to mitigate short sale constraints, conducing two event studies which examine 1732 option introductions and the differential effect of the 2008 short sale ban on optioned and non-optioned stocks. I find option introduction mitigates 79% of the price adjustment efficiency disparity between short sale constrained and unconstrained stocks in relation to negative news. I also find evidence that negative information was incorporated more freely into optioned stocks during the short sale transaction ban of financial sector stocks. These results collectively suggest that in the presence of binding short sale constraints, options act as an effective substitute to short sales, significantly contributing to the informational efficiency of the market. In Chapter 3 we examine the determinants of success of foreign cross-listings in the U.S. using cumulative returns surrounding the cross-listing event and liquidity on the U.S. exchange as joint metrics of success. We find that the post-listing liquidity and valuation benefits of cross-listings are crucially dependent both on prior home-market success and on U.S. institutional holdings in the cross-listing quarter. Stocks with greater institutional ownership upon cross-listing see more liquid U.S. trading. Additionally, firms with a higher abnormal price run-up in the year prior to cross-listing and firms that see more liquid domestic trading enjoy greater post-listing liquidity in the U.S. Chapter 4 examines the asset allocation decisions of mutual fund investors, focusing on flight to quality considerations. Using the default spread, term spread and short term interest rate as proxies for economic conditions, we find that an expected improvement (deterioration) in Canadian economic conditions causes investors to direct flow away from (towards) fixed income-type funds and towards (out of) equity based funds. For example, a one standard deviation increase in the term spread (1.13%) results in an 84% increase and a 74% decrease in the percentage of flow directed at Canadian equity and money market funds respectively, relative to the previous month. / Finance

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 107-111) Also available in print.

Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 107-111).

The thesis explores whether, prior to the nineteenth century regime of legislative intervention which anglicised the law relating to contracts of sale for goods, the Scots common law underlying contracts of sale developed in a unitary fashion. Did the same principles apply regardless of whether the subject of the sale was corporeal moveable, corporeal immoveable or incorporeal? This question is analysed through a case study of the common law contractual implied warranty of soundness, and its application to the three types of property mentioned above. While this study does not provide a definitive answer on its own, it does give us a preliminary indication as to whether the law was unified or not. The thesis relies primarily on Scots case law and academic writings, employing historical and doctrinal methodologies. The study is supplemented by comparative law from France, Germany, South Africa and England. Roman law, and the works certain Ius Commune writers, are also referenced. The thesis can be divided into four parts. The first part explores whether academic texts on the contract of sale dating prior to the legislative intervention took a unified approach in their discussion. This establishes whether scholars from this period viewed the contract of sale as unified; and aids the analysis in subsequent chapters. The second part examines the warranty’s substantive framework in the context of its development, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, through case law featuring corporeal moveable property. The third part looks at the warranty’s use in contracts of sale for corporeal immoveable property. Here, I establish that: 1) there was no consensus as to whether or not the warranty applied to this type of property; and 2) the warranty was not utilised by buyers of this type of property in practice. I identify a combination of factors which prevented buyers of latently defective corporeal immoveable property from invoking the warranty. The final part of the thesis examines the warranty’s actual and theoretical application to contracts of sale for incorporeal property. It establishes that the warranty would be relevant to some, but not all, types of incorporeal property.