Dissertação (mestrado)–Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, 2010. / Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-04-09T04:20:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_ZoltarPaulini.pdf: 30289564 bytes, checksum: 3788ad710a31b7a6d9c95de42a3487ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza(jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-04-09T04:22:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_ZoltarPaulini.pdf: 30289564 bytes, checksum: 3788ad710a31b7a6d9c95de42a3487ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T04:22:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_ZoltarPaulini.pdf: 30289564 bytes, checksum: 3788ad710a31b7a6d9c95de42a3487ab (MD5) / Marcos Salles[1885-1965)e Flausino Vale(1894-1954)compuseram para violino desacompanhado no início do século XX, possivelmente inaugurando a escrita sistemática para violino solo por brasileiros natos. Obras destes dois amigos violinistas são aqui divulgadas, identificando-se a influência da escola franco-belga na história técnica e literária do violino no Brasil por meio da análise comparativa de fórmulas instrumentais características. A metodologia apontada por Bosi (2010) para o estudo ideológico é a historicização tópica das obras e palavras dos representantes das escolas abordadas. A diferenciação das escolas é evidenciada pelo repertório para violino solo e pelos tratados de Geminiani, Leopold Mozart, Baillot e Flesch, os quais documentam a evolução técnica e ideológica da arte violinística. A comparação da moderna escola francesa com a antiga permite verificar antes seu contínuo desenvolvimento do que propriamente uma ruptura. A moderna escola francesa, liderada por Baillot, desde o início do Conservatório de Paris no final do século XVIII, impôs-se em toda a Europa não somente pelo reconhecimento de sua excelência artística, de ensino musical e influenciando o estilo composicional em vários países. No Brasil, o cenário cultural foi muito diferente, mas a influência da moderna escola francesa não tardou a chegar. Naquele contexto, as obras de Marcos Salles e Flausino Vale buscavam certa autonomia artística e não propriamente independência, visto não contradizerem os ideais europeus. Os primeiros seis Caprichos (1907-1909) de Salles distinguem-se dos estilos italiano e franco-belga por sua sistemática alternância modal. As obras de Vale, um pouco posteriores, dividem-se entre originais e transcrições (ou arranjos); enquadram-se no paradigma paisagístico e ideológico de identidade nacional explicado por Maria Alice Volpe (2001). Recentemente acessíveis, seus dois "temas com variações" ampliam as perspectivas sobre sua técnica violinística. Sua partitura "Variações sobre a canção Paganini" apresenta-se editada aqui na íntegra; é um dos primeiros registros de uso do sotto le corde no violino. As dezenas de transcrições de Vale não devem ser menosprezadas, pois algumas agregam alto valor artístico, como "A Casinha Pequenina" de Bernardino Belém de Souza, bem como os ix próprios temas de suas variações. Entre suas transcrições, encontra-se uma coleção de sons da natureza, alguns dos quais foram incorporados em suas composições e arranjos. A ampliação da listagem geral das obras de Flausino Vale incorporando transcrições ao seu conjunto de obras solísticas originais permite novas pesquisas histórico-sociais sobre a prática musical mineira da primeira metade do século XX. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Marcos Salles (1885-1965) and Flausino Vale (1894-1954) composed for solo violin at the beginning of 20th century, probably the first Brazilian-born composers of this kind of works. This study examines works by these two violinists friends, and identifies influences of the Franco-Belgian school on violin technique and repertoire in Brazil by comparison of characteristic instrumental formulas. The methodology for the study of ideologies is topical historicizing on works and words of the schools representatives. The distinction of schools is evinced by the repertoire for violin alone and treaties of Geminiani, Leopold Mozart, Baillot and Flesch, which document the technical and ideological evolution of violinistic playing. The comparison of the modern French school with the old one underlines a continuous development rather than a breach. The modern French school, led by Baillot since the beginning of the creation of the Conservatory of Paris in the late eighteenth century, established itself throughout Europe not only through the recognition of its artistic excellence, but also by powerful political ideology, shaping the musical education system and influencing the compositional style in several countries. The cultural background was different in Brazil, but the arrival of the modern French school influence has not delayed. In this context, Marcos Salles' and Flausino Vale's works seek some artistic autonomy rather than absolute independence because they don't contradict European ideals. The first six Salles' caprices (1907-1909) distinguish themselves from the Italian and the French-Belgian styles by their systematic modal alternations. Vale's works, composed a little later, are divided between originals and transcriptions (or arrangements); they are framed within the ideological and landscape paradigms of national identity explained by Maria Alice Volpe (2001). His two newly accessible "themes with variations" extend perspectives on his violin technique. Fully published here, his score "Variations upon [Lehár's] song Paganini" is one of the first documented uses of sotto le corde technique on the violin. Vale's dozens transcriptions should not be underestimated: some of them possess high artistic value, like Bernardino Belém de Souza's "A casinha pequenina" ("The very little house"), as well as the themes for his own variations. Among his transcriptions, there is a collection of sounds from nature, some of which were incorporated into his compositions and arrangements. The expansion of Flausino Vale's general list of works incorporating transcriptions into his set of original works allows further research on the socio-historical musical practice in the State of Minas Gerais in the first half of the twentieth century.

Comment penser les problèmes d'accessibilité relatifs aux prix et la politique de répertoire des cinémas contemporains ? Quels sont les déterminants de la fréquentation des salles de cinéma et les conditions de son augmentation ? Quelles formes pourrait prendre un système d’exploitation cinématographique alternatif ? Tels sont les questionnements qui sous-tendent la recherche doctorale présentée dans cette thèse. Ce travail vise à définir et élaborer des bases théoriques et méthodologiques afin d’augmenter l'efficacité de la gestion du système de distribution des films en Russie, en s’appuyant sur l'utilisation de l'expérience russe et française en matière de préservation de l'identité nationale de la culture cinématographique dans un contexte de mondialisation culturelle. Cette thèse a permis d’élaborer un projet de système de gestion de la structure intergouvernementale portant sur l'exploitation cinématographique dans ses dimensions d’économie politique, d'organisation et de marketing dans la perspective d’une efficacité accrue pour résoudre les problèmes d’ordres économique et socio-culturel. Les résultats de l'étude peuvent être utilisés pour contribuer à définir la politique de l’État dans la sphère de l'exploitation cinématographique aux niveaux fédéraux, régionaux et locaux ; dans le processus de réforme et d'amélioration de l'efficacité de la gestion du système d'exploitation cinématographique ; pour la détermination des orientations à long terme de l'activité de marketing dans le domaine de l'exploitation cinématographique. / What is the solution of the problems with the price accessibility and repertoire policy for the modern cinemas ? What are the determinants of cinemas attendance and how to increase the target audience of cinemas ? What is the suitable form for the "system of alternative film exhibition" ? These were the questions to answer with the recent thesis. The purpose of the research is consisted in the determination and elaboration of theoretical and methodological bases for increasing the efficiency of Russian film exhibition management using the accumulated Russian and French experience of maintaining the national identity of cinematograph culture in the conditions of cultural globalization. As a result of the conducted research the international structure of film exhibition was elaborated and presented widely in the organizational, economical and marketing aspects with the aim of increase the efficiency of the solution of economical and socio-cultural problems. The results of this scientific work can be used while defining the state policy in the film exhibition field on the federal, regional and local levels ; in the process of reforming and increasing the efficiency of film exhibition management ; during the practice of foundation the perspective directions of marketing activities in the film exhibition field.

Grâce au diverse applications prévues dans le divertissement, l’éducation et les domaines professionnels, la création d’un monde virtuel interactif a intéressé beaucoup de chercheurs dans l’académie et l’industrie. L’espace acoustique trois-dimensionnelle peut être synthétisé à partir de deux perspectives : les approches physiques et les approches perceptives. Méthode de transfert de rayonnement acoustique est une méthode efficace pour modéliser les réflexions diffuses et la réverbération tardive. Une extension de la méthode de transfert de rayonnement est proposée dans cette thèse, qui permet de modéliser les réflexions précoces et spéculaires, en conservant son avantage pour la simulation de réverbération tardive. Les approches perceptives utilisent des paramètres acoustiques pour modéliser la perception acoustique principale de l’environnement modélisé. Des réseaux récursifs de lignes à retard sont beaucoup utilisés pour générer de la réverbération tardive. Dans cette thèse, une nouvelle méthode est présentée, qui hérite l’efficacité de la structure des réseaux récursifs de lignes à retard, mais en le même temps, relie les paramètres des réseaux directement à la géométrie de l’environnement modélisé. Puis, l’approche physique et l’approche perceptive ont été combinées. La méthode de transfert de rayonnement acoustique simplifiée, avec extension à modéliser les réflexions spéculaires et diffuses, est incorporée à la structure des réseaux récursifs de lignes à retard. Le nouveau filtre réverbérant, en dépit de la modélisation des réfections diffuses et la réverbération tardive, est également capable de simuler les réflexions précoces et spéculaires avec précision. / There is an increasing interest in creating interactive virtual worlds due to the wide variety of potential applications in entertainment and education. The 3D acoustic scene can be synthesized from two perspectives : the physical approaches and the perceptual approaches. Acoustic radiance transfer method is an efficient ray-based method to model the diffuse reflections and the late reverberation. An extension of the Radiance Transfer Method (RTM) is proposed in this thesis, which allows modeling the early part of specular reflections while keeping the advantage of the original model for the late reverberation simulation. Feedback delay networks are widely used structures to generate the late reverberation. A new method is presented in this thesis, which inherits the efficiency of the Feedback Delay Network (FDN) structure, but aims at linking the parameters of the FDN directly to the geometries of the modeled environment. The relation is achieved by assigning a physical meaning to each delay line and studying the sound energy exchange between them. Then the physical approachand the perceptual approach are combined. The simplified acoustic Radiance Transfer Method, with extension for both specular and diffuse reflections, is incorporated with the Feedback Delay Networks. The new reverberator, despite of modeling the diffuse and late reverberation, is also capable of simulating the early and specular reflections with accuracy.

Cette recherche propose d’analyser les opportunités solaires passives d’une serre accolée à un espace séjour en vue d’optimiser le confort et la consommation énergétique. La simulation numérique des différentes configurations à l’aide de l’outil PLEIADES+COMFIE 2.0 permet de traiter les différents phénomènes physiques présents dans un tel espace. Les résultats obtenus sont présentés sous forme de tableaux et d’histogrammes qui permettent de comparer l’incidence des différentes variables étudiées sur la température de la serre et la consommation énergétique du séjour. Ces solutions répondent aux conditions climatiques de la ville de Québec et visent une application résidentielle. / This research proposes to analyze the solar passive opportunities of a greenhouse attached to a living-room to maximize comfort and energy consumption. Numerical simulations of different configurations using the tool PLEIADES+COMFIE 2.0 can handle the different physical phenomena present in such space. The results are presented in tables and histograms that allow to compare the impact of different variables studied on the temperature of the greenhouse and energy consumption of the living-room. These solutions meet the climatic conditions of Quebec City and are a residential application.

L’environnement physique d’apprentissage exerce une influence sur le comportement et la réussite des élèves. Au Québec, les enseignantes aménagent leur salle de classe selon leurs besoins, ceux de leurs élèves et leurs philosophies d’enseignement. Dans la grande majorité des cas, on aménage des espaces en périphéries construits autour de domaines de compétences à développer chez les élèves et de matières différentes. Le coin lecture trouve sa place dans la salle de classe pour faciliter l’accès aux livres et accroître l’intérêt et le plaisir de la lecture. Conjuguant des connaissances en pédagogie, en design et en psychologie environnementale, ce mémoire tente de comprendre la relation entre l’aménagement de ces espaces en périphérie à l’attachement des élèves et de l’enseignante à leur salle de classe. La méthodologie par étude de cas multiples (19 classes) multi méthodes (plan, relevé photographique, observations participantes) et d’entretiens auprès d’individus qui la composent (19 enseignants et 19 élèves), ainsi qu’un inventaire dans 66 classes. À partir de ces études de cas, il cherche à comprendre ce qui, dans l’appréciation de l’aménagement de la classe et la construction du sens du lieu participe à l’expérience éducative. L’attachement au lieu reprend le modèle de Scannell et Gifford (2010) et est étudié en mobilisant les notions des six fonctions de la classe de Weinstein et al. (2011). En plus de ses objectifs pédagogiques, le coin lecture se révèle un lieu de liberté où la présence de l’élève est volontaire, où il peut s’isoler ou encore où il peut socialiser. L’analyse permet d’en identifier cinq types d’aménagement: douillet, fermé, ouvert, démocratique et temporaire. Enfin, si le coin lecture se présente comme un espace distinctif, approprié et apprécié par les élèves et les enseignantes, il offre une opportunité que le reste de la classe n’offre pas et qui bonifie l’expérience éducative. / The physical learning environment influences student behaviour and success. In Quebec, teachers design their classrooms according to their needs, those of their students and their teaching philosophies. In the majority of cases, spaces are set up on the periphery, built around areas of expertise to be developed and different subjects. The reading corner finds its place in the classroom to facilitate access to books and increase the interest and pleasure of reading. Combining knowledge in pedagogy, design and environmental psychology, this dissertation attempts to understand the relationship between the development of these peripheral spaces and the attachment of students and teachers to their classroom. The methodology is based on multiple case studies (19 classes) using multiple methods (plan, photographic survey, participant observations) and interviews with individuals (19 teachers and 19 students), as well as an inventory in 66 classes. Based on these case studies, it seeks to understand what, in the appreciation of classroom design and the construction of a sense of place, participates in the educational experience. Place attachment follows the model of Scannell and Gifford (2010) and is studied by mobilizing the notions of the six functions of the classroom of Weinstein et al. (2011). In addition to its pedagogical objectives, the reading corner is a place of freedom where the student's presence is voluntary, where he or she can isolate or socialize. The analysis identifies five types of reading corner facilities: cozy, closed, open, democratic and temporary. Finally, while the reading corner is a distinctive space that is appropriate and appreciated by students and teachers, it provides an opportunity that the rest of the class does not offer and that enhances the educational experience.

Les pratiques enseignantes actuelles s'inscrivent souvent dans des cadres spatiaux définis par des générations précédentes. Au secondaire, les situations d'enseignement-apprentissage se déroulent régulièrement au sein d'institutions anciennement nommées polyvalentes et établies durant les décennies 1960/70. Ce mémoire s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet Schola.ca portant sur les caractéristiques du parc scolaire primaire et secondaire québécois afin d'offrir des outils pour sa rénovation et son optimisation. Dans ce contexte, notre recherche étudie les espaces scolaires au secondaire et les usages des enseignants au sein de ces lieux. Pour ce faire, dans un premier temps, divers documents officiels, plans architecturaux et numéros de revues d'architecture ont été analysés afin de comprendre comment les facteurs socioéconomiques, politiques, architecturaux et surtout éducatifs ont influencé la conception et la définition de ces écoles. Dans un second temps, une entrevue avec deux enseignants a été menée afin de documenter les pratiques spatiales au sein d'une école secondaire de la région de Québec. L'analyse de ce corpus a été faite en se basant sur diverses théories provenant de sociologues des espaces et de l'éducation. Celles permettent une compréhension accrue des polyvalentes définies à la suite du rapport Parent (les polyvalentes) et des usages actuels des enseignants. À travers cette étude de cas, cette recherche a pour but d'éclairer le projet Schola.ca sur la façon dont les enseignants s'approprient les espaces ou les adaptent en fonction de leurs besoins. / Today's teaching practices are often held in space settings defined by past generations. Teaching-learning situations in high schools, often take place in institutions formerly known as comprehensive schools built during the 1960s/'70s. This M.A. thesis is linked to the Schola.ca project which studies the characteristics of Quebec's elementary and high schools, in order to provide tools for their renovation and optimization. In this context, our research studies the school spaces in high schools, as well as teacher's practices within them. Numerous official documents, architectural plans and journals were analyzed, in order to understand how socio-economic, political, architectural and mainly educational factors have influenced the design and definition of these schools. Moreover, a discussion with two teachers from a high school in the City of Quebec area has allowed a better understanding of how teachers adapt the scholastic spaces to fit their needs. Thanks to the various theoretical tools developed by space sociologists and sociologists of education, we were able to better understand the links between the design of school spaces following the Parent Report (comprehensive schools) and the current use of these same spaces by teachers. Focusing on space practices through a case study in a high school located in the City of Quebec area, our research aims to inform the Schola.ca project on how teachers take over space or adapt it to their needs.

Les enseignants ont plusieurs raisons d'afficher sur les murs de leur salle de classe et d'en changer régulièrement le contenu. Par exemple, l'affichage peut servir à soutenir l'apprentissage, la motivation des élèves et leur estime de soi ou simplement être décoratif. On compte parmi les principales composantes de l'affichage, des affiches en papier qui remplissent ces différentes fonctions, mais aussi du matériel de communication, comme les tableaux, les tableaux numériques interactifs et les babillards. Des recherches s'intéressant aux répercussions de l'abondance des affichages dans les salles de classe ont démontré qu'un niveau d'affichage élevé peut créer des distractions visuelles chez les élèves et parle fait même avoir une incidence sur leur apprentissage. En ce sens, ce mémoire s'intéresse à l'affichage dans les salles de classe du primaire, à partir de paramètres liés à l'aménagement de la salle de classe et de caractéristiques de l'affichage, notamment le degré de complexité, de flexibilité et d'utilité. Ces derniers permettent de comprendre les répercussions de l'affichage sur l'apprentissage. Alors que les caractéristiques de l'affichage : la quantité, l'organisation, la couleur, l'adaptabilité et la pertinence ont été retenues pour comprendre l'influence de l'affichage sur l'attention visuelle. En lien avec le mandat du consortium de recherche Schola, l'équipe responsable du Volet mobilier et affichage a photographié les murs de 18 salles de classe localisées dans autant d'écoles primaires au Québec. De ces photographies, 72 schémas ont été réalisés puis analysés afin de dresser un portrait matériel des murs en considérant : la quantité, l'organisation et la pertinence de l'affichage. Les résultats révèlent qu'un mur sur quatre est considéré comme étant trop chargé, que plus de la moitié des murs analysés manquent d'organisation et que le matériel peu pertinent pour l'apprentissage ajoute à la charge matérielle d'occupation des murs. Cet examen pourrait mener vers de meilleures pratiques de l'aménagement de l'affichage afin de favoriser l'attention visuelle des élèves. / There are many reasons for teachers to post on their classroom walls and to change the content regularly. For example, posters can be used to support learning, student motivation and self-esteem, or simply to decorate. Key components of signage include paper posters that serve these different functions, as well as communication materials such as chalkboards, interactive digital boards and bulletin boards. Research into the impact of an abundance of displays in classrooms has shown that high levels of displays can create visual distractions for students and thus impact their learning. In this sense, this dissertation focuses on displays in elementary classrooms, based on parameters related to classroom design and display characteristics, including degree of complexity, flexibility, and usefulness, which help to understand the impact of displays on learning. While display characteristics, quantity, organization, color, adaptability, and relevance were selected to understand the influence of the display on visual attention. In line with the mandate of the Schola research consortium, the team responsible for the Furniture and Display component photographed the walls of 18 classrooms located in as many elementary schools in Quebec. From these photographs, 72 diagrams were produced and then analyzed in order to draw a material portrait of the walls by considering: the quantity, the organization and the relevance of the display. The results reveal that one wall out of four is considered too busy, that more than half of the walls analyzed lack organization and that material of little relevance to learning adds to the material load of the walls. This review could lead to better practices in display design to support students' visual attention.

Ce mémoire porte sur la configuration des stalles et le confort des vaches. Cent troupeaux laitiers ont été visités au Québec (n=60) et en Ontario (n=40). La configuration des stalles, les dimensions corporelles, les blessures, la boiterie, la propreté et le temps de repos ont été mesurés pour 40 vaches Holstein en lactation. Plus de 50 % des vaches étaient logées dans une stalle trop petite, 79 % des vaches avaient au moins une blessure et 25 % étaient boiteuses, mais seulement 15 % étaient sales. Outre la hauteur de la barre d’attache, lorsque les dimensions des stalles étaient augmentées pour se rapprocher des recommandations, les risques de blessures et de boiteries diminuaient et le temps de repos ainsi que le nombre de changements de position debout/couchée augmentaient. Toutefois, une stalle plus grande augmentait les chances d’avoir des vaches sales. Ces résultats suggèrent, entre autres, qu’une barre d’attache bien positionnée et une chaine suffisamment longue améliorent le confort des vaches. / This thesis focuses on tie-stall configuration and cow comfort. One hundred dairy herds were visited in Quebec, (n = 60) and in Ontario (n = 40). Stall configuration, body dimensions, injuries, lameness, cleanliness and lying time were measured for 40 lactating Holstein cows. Over than 50% of the cows were in a stall too small, 79% of cows had at least one injury and 25% were lamed, but only 15% were dirty. Except for tie-rail height, every time the size of the stalls was increased closer to the recommendations, the risk of injuries and lameness decreased, and the lying time and the number of lying bouts increased. However, a larger stall size increased the chances of the cows to be dirty. These results suggest, among other, that a tie-rail forward position and a chain length that meet current recommendations would improve cow welfare.

O trabalho procura fazer conexões, não uma comparação, entre Machado de Assis, Oswald de Andrade e Paulo Emilio Salles Gomes, a partir de um foco temático específico, que diz respeito às intervenções dos três ficcionistas no processo histórico e literário de construção e destruição de uma imagem da classe dirigente brasileira. A tese contém análises de Dona Fernanda e do narrador de Quincas Borba enquanto seres de linguagem nos quais Machado cristalizou uma Weltanschauung dessa classe e do literato aderente a ela; João Miramar e o protagonista de Três mulheres de três pppês são tomados como duplos explícitos e inversos de Oswald e de Paulo Emilio; as expectativas públicas que os dois ficcionistas carregam enquanto rebentos da alta burguesia são purgadas e com os restos são construídas as personagens. Em Um homem sem profissão e em Cemitério, o intelectual de consciência cindida se torna portador da esperança de um mundo diverso do relatado. O trabalho crítico se pauta pela procura do ponto nevrálgico em que se encontram desmistificação ideológica e criação literária. / This thesis seeks to make conections, not a comparison, between Machado de Assis, Oswald de Andrade and Paulo Emilio Salles Gomes, through a specific thematic focus, that refers to the three writers interventions in the historical and literary process of the construction and destruction of an image of the Brazilian ruling class. The thesis contains analyses of Dona Fernanda and of the narrator of Quincas Borba as fictional beings in which Machado crystallized a Weltanschauung of this class and its literary adherents; João Miramar and the protagonist of Três mulheres de três pppês are taken as explicit and opposite doubles of Oswald and Paulo Emilio; the public expectations that the two fictionists carry as the rebellious offspring of the haute bourgeoisie are purged and from the remains the characters are constructed. In Um homem sem profissão and in Cemitério, the intellectual of divided conscience becomes a carrier of hope in a world different from the one narrated. The critical work is guided by the search for the nervous point in which ideological demystification and literary creation meet.

O trabalho procura fazer conexões, não uma comparação, entre Machado de Assis, Oswald de Andrade e Paulo Emilio Salles Gomes, a partir de um foco temático específico, que diz respeito às intervenções dos três ficcionistas no processo histórico e literário de construção e destruição de uma imagem da classe dirigente brasileira. A tese contém análises de Dona Fernanda e do narrador de Quincas Borba enquanto seres de linguagem nos quais Machado cristalizou uma Weltanschauung dessa classe e do literato aderente a ela; João Miramar e o protagonista de Três mulheres de três pppês são tomados como duplos explícitos e inversos de Oswald e de Paulo Emilio; as expectativas públicas que os dois ficcionistas carregam enquanto rebentos da alta burguesia são purgadas e com os restos são construídas as personagens. Em Um homem sem profissão e em Cemitério, o intelectual de consciência cindida se torna portador da esperança de um mundo diverso do relatado. O trabalho crítico se pauta pela procura do ponto nevrálgico em que se encontram desmistificação ideológica e criação literária. / This thesis seeks to make conections, not a comparison, between Machado de Assis, Oswald de Andrade and Paulo Emilio Salles Gomes, through a specific thematic focus, that refers to the three writers interventions in the historical and literary process of the construction and destruction of an image of the Brazilian ruling class. The thesis contains analyses of Dona Fernanda and of the narrator of Quincas Borba as fictional beings in which Machado crystallized a Weltanschauung of this class and its literary adherents; João Miramar and the protagonist of Três mulheres de três pppês are taken as explicit and opposite doubles of Oswald and Paulo Emilio; the public expectations that the two fictionists carry as the rebellious offspring of the haute bourgeoisie are purged and from the remains the characters are constructed. In Um homem sem profissão and in Cemitério, the intellectual of divided conscience becomes a carrier of hope in a world different from the one narrated. The critical work is guided by the search for the nervous point in which ideological demystification and literary creation meet.