Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 campello_pl_me_jabo.pdf: 309625 bytes, checksum: 35a0866aed72234db966f60fb320f596 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Salmonella spp. é um dos patógenos mais comumente encontrados em infecções de origem alimentar em seres humanos. Ovos, produtos contendo ovos e carne de aves são os principais veículos de transmissão do microrganismo, representando um desafio para saúde pública. Com o intuito de pesquisar Salmonella spp. em ovos brancos destinados ao consumo humano foram analisadas, por meio de análise microbiológica convencional e pela Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase, 340 amostras compostas por cinco ovos cada, de quatro diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais. Foram observadas, do número total de amostras, cinco contaminadas pela bactéria (1,47%), sendo três provenientes do supermercado A (2,9%), uma do supermercado B (1,3%) e uma do supermercado D (1,3%) tanto na pesquisa bacteriológica quanto na PCR, não se isolando a bactéria em nenhuma das amostras do supermercado C. Os sorovares isolados nas amostras provenientes do supermercado A e B foram Salmonella Mbandaka e Salmonella enterica subespécie enterica 6,7: z10:- e Salmonella Braenderup no supermercado D. No teste para analisar o comportamento dos isolados frente a antimicrobianos, todas as estirpes apresentaram resistência a pelo menos três dos antimicrobianos testados. Os resultados demonstraram que ovos contaminados estão chegando à mesa dos consumidores, representando um risco a saúde da população / Salmonella spp. is one of the most common pathogens found in food-borne infections in humans. Products containing eggs and poultry meat are the main vehicles of transmission of microorganisms, representing a challenge for public health. In order to search for Salmonella spp. white eggs for human consumption were analyzed by methods of conventional microbiological analysis and by the Polymerase Chain Reaction, 340 samples composed of five eggs, of four different establishments. Of the total samples, five were contaminated by bacteria (1.47%). Three of them were from supermarket A (2.9%), one from supermarket B (1.3%) and one from supermarket D (1.3%), all contaminated in bacteriological analyzes and in PCR, and the bacteria was not isolated in the samples of the supermarket C. The serovars isolated in samples from the supermarket A and B were Salmonella Mbandaka and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica 6,7: z10: - and Salmonella Braenderup at the supermarket D. In a test to analyze the behavior of isolated bacteria against antimicrobial agents, all strains were resistant to at least three of the antimicrobials tested. The results showed that contaminated eggs are coming to the consumers table, representing a risk to health

As bactérias do gênero Salmonella, especialmente S. Enteritidis e S. Typhimurium, são responsáveis por imensos prejuízos econômicos ao setor avícola, uma vez que produtos como carne de frango e ovos são apontados como a principal fonte desse patógeno em surtos de salmonelose humana. Perdas econômicas na avicultura também estão relacionadas à infecção em aves jovens devido ao desenvolvimento de doença clínica e ao aumento da mortalidade. A patogenicidade de Salmonella é considerada complexa e multifatorial necessitando de estudos que possam esclarecer a interação entre patógeno e hospedeiro. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a virulência de 130 isolados de S. Enteritidis e 70 de S. Typhimurium, inoculadas em pintos de um dia de idade através do estabelecimento de um índice de patogenicidade. Para cada cepa, foram utilizados 10 pintos comerciais da linhagem Cobb provenientes de matrizes de corte com idade superior a 58 semanas. As aves foram inoculadas com 0,2 mL de uma solução contendo aproximadamente 2x108 UFC de S. Enteritidis ou S. Typhimurium, através da via intraperitoneal. A mortalidade e a presença de lesões associadas à septicemia foram observadas diariamente durante sete dias. As aves encontradas mortas durante esse período foram necropsiadas e observadas quanto à presença de aerossaculite (A), perihepatite (Ph), pericardite (Pc), peritonite (Pt), onfalite (O) e celulite (C). Para cada lesão foi atribuído o valor de “0,833” se presente e o valor “0” quando ausente. Animais mortos nas primeiras 24 horas pósdesafio receberam a pontuação 10, o que representa o índice máximo. Do segundo ao sétimo dia, houve uma diminuição proporcional da pontuação no tempo de morte (TM) a cada dia em que o animal sobrevivia. O cálculo do índice de patogenicidade de cada pintinho inoculado (IP) obedeceu a seguinte fórmula: IP = (TMx5) + A + Ph + Pc + Pt + O + C. Para obtenção do IP de cada amostra foi realizada a média do IP obtido com as 10 aves inoculadas. A partir dos resultados do trabalho, foi possível atribuir um valor de patogenicidade a cada uma das cepas permitindo classificá-las em grupos de baixa, intermediária e de alta patogenicidade. Os sorotipos analisados neste estudo não diferiram na capacidade de induzir a formação de lesões septicêmicas e elevada mortalidade. Desta forma conclui-se que, tanto S. Enteritidis quanto S. Typhimurium, são potencialmente capazes de causar doença clínica e mortalidade de forma semelhante aos sorovares adaptados às aves. / Bacterials of the Salmonella genus, particularly Salmonella (S.) Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, are responsible for serious economic loss on the poultry industry, once eggs and meat chicken are the principle sources of the pathogens on outbreak of salmonellosis in human. Economic loss on the poultry industry, also is related infection in young chicks due to development clinical disease and increased mortality. The pathogenicity of Salmonella is complex and multifactorial which requires studies that elucidate the interaction between pathogen and host. The present study, was conducted to evaluate the virulence of 130 isolate of S. Enteritidis and 70 of S. Typhimurium, inoculated in 01 day old chicks, through establishment of one index of pathogenicity. For each strain was used 10 commercial lineage Cobb chicks older than 58 weeks old. Chickens were inoculated with 0,2 mL containing approximately 2 x 108 CFU of S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium by route intraperitoneal. Mortality and lesions associated septicemia were observed daily for seven days. Dead chicks during this period were necropsied and observed as the presence of airsaculitis (A), perihepatitis (Ph), pericarditis (Pc), peritonitis (Pt), omphalitis (O) and cellulitis. For each lesion was attributed the value “0,833” when present and “0”when absent. Dead animals on first 24 hours post-challenge received the punctuation 10. The second to seventh day, there was a proporcional decrease of punctuation on time of death (TM) each day that the chickens survived. The calculation of the index of pathogenicity obeyed the following formula: IP = (TMx5) + A + Ph + Pc + Pt + O + C. For obtainment IP of each strain was realized the average IP obtained with 10 inculated chickens. Based on results this study, was possible to assign a value of pathogenicity for each isolated allowing to classify them on groups of low, intermediate and high pathogenicity. The sorovars analyzed did not differ on ability to induce septicemic lesions and high mortality. Therefore it is concluded that, such S. Enteritidis as S. Typhimurium, are potencially capable to cause clinical disease and mortality similar to serotypes poultry adapted.

As bactérias do gênero Salmonella, especialmente S. Enteritidis e S. Typhimurium, são responsáveis por imensos prejuízos econômicos ao setor avícola, uma vez que produtos como carne de frango e ovos são apontados como a principal fonte desse patógeno em surtos de salmonelose humana. Perdas econômicas na avicultura também estão relacionadas à infecção em aves jovens devido ao desenvolvimento de doença clínica e ao aumento da mortalidade. A patogenicidade de Salmonella é considerada complexa e multifatorial necessitando de estudos que possam esclarecer a interação entre patógeno e hospedeiro. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a virulência de 130 isolados de S. Enteritidis e 70 de S. Typhimurium, inoculadas em pintos de um dia de idade através do estabelecimento de um índice de patogenicidade. Para cada cepa, foram utilizados 10 pintos comerciais da linhagem Cobb provenientes de matrizes de corte com idade superior a 58 semanas. As aves foram inoculadas com 0,2 mL de uma solução contendo aproximadamente 2x108 UFC de S. Enteritidis ou S. Typhimurium, através da via intraperitoneal. A mortalidade e a presença de lesões associadas à septicemia foram observadas diariamente durante sete dias. As aves encontradas mortas durante esse período foram necropsiadas e observadas quanto à presença de aerossaculite (A), perihepatite (Ph), pericardite (Pc), peritonite (Pt), onfalite (O) e celulite (C). Para cada lesão foi atribuído o valor de “0,833” se presente e o valor “0” quando ausente. Animais mortos nas primeiras 24 horas pósdesafio receberam a pontuação 10, o que representa o índice máximo. Do segundo ao sétimo dia, houve uma diminuição proporcional da pontuação no tempo de morte (TM) a cada dia em que o animal sobrevivia. O cálculo do índice de patogenicidade de cada pintinho inoculado (IP) obedeceu a seguinte fórmula: IP = (TMx5) + A + Ph + Pc + Pt + O + C. Para obtenção do IP de cada amostra foi realizada a média do IP obtido com as 10 aves inoculadas. A partir dos resultados do trabalho, foi possível atribuir um valor de patogenicidade a cada uma das cepas permitindo classificá-las em grupos de baixa, intermediária e de alta patogenicidade. Os sorotipos analisados neste estudo não diferiram na capacidade de induzir a formação de lesões septicêmicas e elevada mortalidade. Desta forma conclui-se que, tanto S. Enteritidis quanto S. Typhimurium, são potencialmente capazes de causar doença clínica e mortalidade de forma semelhante aos sorovares adaptados às aves. / Bacterials of the Salmonella genus, particularly Salmonella (S.) Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, are responsible for serious economic loss on the poultry industry, once eggs and meat chicken are the principle sources of the pathogens on outbreak of salmonellosis in human. Economic loss on the poultry industry, also is related infection in young chicks due to development clinical disease and increased mortality. The pathogenicity of Salmonella is complex and multifactorial which requires studies that elucidate the interaction between pathogen and host. The present study, was conducted to evaluate the virulence of 130 isolate of S. Enteritidis and 70 of S. Typhimurium, inoculated in 01 day old chicks, through establishment of one index of pathogenicity. For each strain was used 10 commercial lineage Cobb chicks older than 58 weeks old. Chickens were inoculated with 0,2 mL containing approximately 2 x 108 CFU of S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium by route intraperitoneal. Mortality and lesions associated septicemia were observed daily for seven days. Dead chicks during this period were necropsied and observed as the presence of airsaculitis (A), perihepatitis (Ph), pericarditis (Pc), peritonitis (Pt), omphalitis (O) and cellulitis. For each lesion was attributed the value “0,833” when present and “0”when absent. Dead animals on first 24 hours post-challenge received the punctuation 10. The second to seventh day, there was a proporcional decrease of punctuation on time of death (TM) each day that the chickens survived. The calculation of the index of pathogenicity obeyed the following formula: IP = (TMx5) + A + Ph + Pc + Pt + O + C. For obtainment IP of each strain was realized the average IP obtained with 10 inculated chickens. Based on results this study, was possible to assign a value of pathogenicity for each isolated allowing to classify them on groups of low, intermediate and high pathogenicity. The sorovars analyzed did not differ on ability to induce septicemic lesions and high mortality. Therefore it is concluded that, such S. Enteritidis as S. Typhimurium, are potencially capable to cause clinical disease and mortality similar to serotypes poultry adapted.

Salmonellosis is a serious problem of public health that mainly infants, young children and people with immunodeficiencies face. Human direct contact with animals is one of the possible ways of transmission of the disease. An increasing trend of keeping exotic pets, including amphibians and reptiles, has been observed for recent years in the United States and developing European countries. Most of these animals are asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella. However, in this review we introduced new and the most dangerous outbreaks of salmonellosis caused by contact with amphibians and reptiles that appeared in all continents in last ten years. It was demonstrated that Salmonella strains isolated from cold-blooded animals such as animals and reptiles differ genetically from strains isolated from humans. It means that the reason of appearance of Salmonella outbreaks caused by transmission of pathogens from amphibians or reptiles to human are genetic changes including the activation of virulence factors that cause pathogenicity in humans. It is supposed that popularity of keeping amphibians and reptiles as pets has caused an increase in the demand for these animals and in the international trade of these species. The problem is also caused by breeder's unconsciousness of proper procedures of keeping exotic animals in a household. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) has censored the most important issues to minimize the risk of salmonellosis, focusing mainly on RAS salmonellosis (reptile – associated salmonellosis), because this disease is the most common in the United States. It is estimated that about 74,000 of the United States citizens are getting infected by Salmonella strains transmitted from reptiles kept as pets every year. Educating people on this topic is a key preventive method of salmonellosis. This review can help future breeders how to keep reptiles and amphibians according to recommendation of World Health Organization.

INTRODUCTION: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that approximately 1.2 million illnesses and 450 deaths occur annually in the United States from non-typhoidal Salmonella infections (CDC, 2015). Children are most likely to get salmonellosis; the elderly, infants, and those with compromised immune systems are likely to have a severe illness. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: In this study, an analysis of childhood salmonellosis comparing infants under 6 months and those 6 to 12 months old was completed. This analysis was conducted in order to compare exposures among the two age groups. METHODS: Data were downloaded from SENDSS into Microsoft Excel for data cleaning; data management and analysis was conducted using R Statistical Packaging (R-3.2.3), Epi InfoTM 7 and Microsoft Excel 2016. RESULTS: The occurrence of contact with dog was 43.59% among children under than 6 months and for children 6-12 months, the rate of contact with dog was 48.37% (OR=0.82, p =0.33); the incidence of exposure to bird was 1.54% for children under 6 months and among children 6-12 months, the incidence was 2.31% (OR=0.66, p = 0.57). In children under 6 months, the incidence of exposure to pig was 0% and among children 6-12 months, the rate of exposure was 0.46% (OR=0, p = 0.34); among children under 6 months, the occurrence of exposure to reptile/amphibian was 6.63% and between children 6-12 months, the rate of exposure was 3.67% (OR=1.86, p = 0.17). Among children younger than 6 months, the incidence of contact with cat was 11.40% and for children 6-12 months, the rate of exposure was 15.21% (OR=0.72, p = 0.26). The occurrence of contact with others with similar illness among children under 6 months was 18.18% and the incidence of contact with others for children 6-12 months was 23.53% (OR=0.72, p = 0.56); for children under 6 months, the rate of exposure to children in diapers was 44.75% and among children 6-12 months, the incidence was 45.77% (OR=0.96, p = 0.84). For children under 6 months, the incidence of attending large gatherings was 18.84% and between children 6-12 months, the rate of exposure to large gatherings was 22.64% (OR=0.79, p = 0.35). Among children under 6 months, the incidence of exposure to watermelon was 1.04% and between children 6-12 months, the rate of exposure was 10.95% (OR=0.086, p = <.0001); for children under 6 months, the rate of exposure to chicken was 2.06% and the incidence of contact with chicken among children 6-12 months was 35.85% (OR=0.0389, p = <.0001). The rate of exposure to tomatoes among children under 6 months was 0.52% and the incidence of exposure to tomatoes in children 6-12 months was 3.76% (OR=0.135, p = 0.028); among infants under 6 months, the rate of exposure to dairy was 3.66% and for children 6-12 months, the occurrence of exposure to dairy was 26.29% (OR=0.107, p = <.0001). In children under 6 months, the incidence of exposure to berries was 0.52% and the rate of exposure to berries among children 6-12 months was 13.46% (OR=0.034, p = <.0001); the incidence of exposure to turkey among children under 6 months was 0.52% and in children 6-12 months, it was 12.38% (OR=0.037, p = <.0001). The rate of exposure to beef in children under 6 months was 1.04% and in children 6-12 months, it was 10% (OR=0.094, p = <.0001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the incidence of animal exposures for salmonellosis among children under 6 months and 6 to 12 months in Georgia. Moreover, there was no significant difference between environmental exposures among children under 6 months and 6-12 months. Nonetheless, we did find statistically significant difference in food exposures among infants under 6 months and those over 6-12 months. Our finding suggests that when compared to children 6-12 months, infants under 6 months are less likely to have been exposed to food items other than infant formula or breast milk.

Master of Science / Department of Human Nutrition / Tonatiuh Melgarejo / It will be almost impossible to find a household or an informed consumer, completely oblivious to the health risks posed by foods. According to scientific estimates, 48 million cases of foodborne illness occur each year in the United States, causing 128,000 hospitalizations, 3,000 deaths, which costs $6.4-$77.7 billion in expenses by medical care and lost productivity. These illnesses pose a very big constant, perhaps growing, threat to a vast population. Salmonella is the most prevalent foodborne bacteria with more than 1.1 million cases annually in the United States. Increased international trade and distribution, rapid growth in antibiotic resistant bacteria, increase in the number of immunocompromised consumers and changes in agronomic and processing practices poses a very big challenge to monitor, contain and avoid foodborne outbreaks. This can result in contaminated food causing rapid, geographically widespread outbreak. In the wake of numerous recent foodborne illness outbreaks, this report focuses on current safety practices established by research and available to all the consumers. It studies a significant foodborne bacterium (Salmonella), its nature, significance, prevalence, mechanism of action, health risks and preventive safety measures. General food safety practices, to reduce or eliminate the risk, common to all the foodborne bacteria and specially Salmonella, include avoiding cross-contamination, thoroughly cooking foods to right lengths of time and temperature, washing fresh produce and fruits prior to consumption and storing foods at the right temperatures. Strict regulations in safe production, safe processing and consumer awareness is highly recommended. People participation is a must.

Orientador: Vera Lúcia Mores Rall / Resumo: A salmonelose é uma das doenças de origem alimentar mais frequentes no mundo, causando diferentes sintomas, de acordo com o hospedeiro. Salmonella spp. é um dos principais micro-organismos patogênicos que contaminam frangos e seus derivados, representando um grande risco à saúde pública, tanto pelos seus fatores de virulência como pela multirresistência aos antimicrobianos. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar o potencial patogênico de Salmonella spp. isoladas de frangos obtidos no varejo, através da análise do perfil de virulência e resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos e sanitizantes utilizados na indústria e comércio varejista. Foram analisadas 56 isolados de Salmonella spp., com a identificação de 13 sorovares diferentes, sendo S. Enteritidis (42,8%) o mais frequente. Todos os isolados apresentaram os genes de virulência invA, sipB, sipD, sopB, ssaR, sifA, sitC, iroN, tolC, flgK, fljB e flgL. Os genes sopD e spvB estavam ausentes em cinco (8,9%) e 21 (37,5%) isolados, respectivamente. Foi observada a produção de biofilme em 27 (48,2%) isolados, sendo 13 (48,1%) cepas classificadas como fraca produtoras, 12 (44,4%) como moderadas e 2 (7,4%) foram classificadas como fortes produtoras. Nenhum isolado apresentou a enzima β-lactamase de espectro estendido (ESBL), porém detectou-se a presença de dos genes blaCMY-2 e blaNDM em 4 (7,1%) e 42 (75%) dos isolados, respectivamente. Em relação a ação dos sanitizantes, 90% dos isolados foram eliminados na concentração... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases in the world, causing different symptoms, according to the host. Salmonella spp. is one of the main pathogenic microorganisms that contaminate chickens and their derivatives, representing a great risk to public health, both for their virulence factors and for the multiresistance of antimicrobials. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize the pathogenic potential of Salmonella spp. isolated from chickens, by analyzing the virulence profile and bacterial resistance to the antimicrobials and sanitizers used in the industry. We analyzed 56 strains of Salmonella spp., with S. Enteritidis (42.8%) being the most frequent. All isolates showed the virulence genes invA, sipB, sipD, sopB, ssaR, sifA, sitC, iroN, tolC, flgK, fljB and flgL. The sopD and spvB genes were absent in five (8.9%) and 21 (37.5%) isolates, respectively. Biofilm production was observed in 27 (48.2%) isolates, where 13 (48.1%) strains were classified as weak produced, 12 (44.4%) as moderate and 2 (7.4%) were classified as strong producers. No single isolate presented the extended-spectrum β-lactamase enzyme (ESBL), but detected a presence of the blaCMY-2 and blaNDM genes in 4 (7.1%) and 42 (75%) isolates, respectively. Regarding the action of the sanitizers, 90% of the isolates were eliminated in the concentration of 0.23% of peracetic acid and 0.44% of sodium hypochlorite, both before and after the sonication process. The isolates of Salmonella... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O uso de antibióticos promotores de crescimento de forma indiscriminada vem causando enorme preocupação a cada ano por causa de uma possível resistência cruzada. Essa é uma das razões pela quais pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas para substituição destes agentes por produtos naturais e/ou alternativos. Desde 1973 o Conceito de Exclusão Competitiva (CE) vem sendo estudado e usado na avicultura mundial. Com esse objetivo, inúmeras pesquisas relacionadas com produtos de Exclusão Competitiva vêm demonstrando, ao passar dos anos, não só a eficiência desse método no controle de patógenos indesejáveis como Salmonella ssp, como também sua eficácia em desempenho zootécnico. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência de um produto de Exclusão Competitiva sobre os índices zootécnicos e parâmetros de imunidade de frangos de corte, tendo um antibiótico e um controle para comparação. A revisão bibliográfica também apresenta pesquisas sobre o controle de Salmonella spp com o uso da CE. Foram utilizados 420 pintos de corte, criados até 42 dias de idade em gaiolas. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 3 tratamentos: Dieta basal (DB) com Antibiótico; DB com produto de Exclusão Competitiva, e DB sem Antibiótico (controle); sendo 20 repetições/tratamento. Quanto ao desempenho zootécnico e, considerando-se o período total de criação, o produto de Exclusão Competitiva testado demonstrou efeito benéfico para os valores de ganho médio de peso (GMP) e peso final (PF), que foram melhores ou similares comparados ao antibiótico principalmente até a fase final de criação. Já os resultados de conversão alimentar e mortalidade mostraram-se melhores com o uso da CE quando foram comprados com os demais tratamentos. Com relação à imunidade, a Exclusão Competitiva não apresentou efeito sobre o parâmetro avaliado neste trabalho. Diante dos resultados aqui obtidos, conclui-se que os ensaios com aditivos alternativos devem continuar, já que houve evidências de seus possíveis efeitos benéficos na produção animal. / The use of growth-promoting antibiotics inappropriately has been addressing concerns every year for possible cross-resistance. This is one of the reasons why studies have been carried through to replace such agents by natural and/or alternative products. Since 1973, the concept of Competitive Exclusion (CE) has been studied and used in poultry raising worldwide. Aiming at reaching the said objective, several studies on Competitive Exclusion products have been showing, over the years, not only how effective the method is in controlling undesirable pathogens, such as Salmonella ssp, but also its efficacy for animal performance. Thus, the present paper aims at verifying the influence of a Competitive Exclusion product on zoological properties and immunity parameters for broilers, having one antibiotic group and one control group for comparison. In addition, the bibliography includes studies on the control of Salmonella ssp when CE is used. A total of 420 broilers, reared in cages for maximum 42 days of age, have been used. The study design consisted in a randomized study, with three treatment groups: Baseline diet (DB) and antibiotic; DB and Competitive Exclusion, DB without Antibiotic (control); with 20 repetitions/treatment. With regard to animal performance and, considering total breeding period, the investigational Competitive Exclusion product has showed beneficial effect on average weight gain (GMP) and final weight (PF) values, which have been found to be improved or similar to the antibiotic group, specially when used until the final breeding stage. In turn, the results for feed conversion and mortality have showed to be improved when CE was used in comparison to the other two treatments. In relation to immunity, Competitive Exclusion has not affected the immunity parameter assessed in this paper. According to the results found in this study, it can be concluded that the use of alternative additives should be further studied, as evidences of their possible beneficial effects on animal raising have been found.

Pombos (Columba livia) são aves exóticas, sinantrópicas, reservatórios de algumas doenças de caráter zoonótico. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar genotipicamente isolados de Salmonella spp. e Escherichia coli diarreiogênicas de pombos domésticos. Foram coletados suabes de 118 pombos provenientes de dois zoológicos de São Paulo. Para a identificação de Salmonella spp, as amostras foram submetidas ao pré-enriquecimento em água peptonada 0,1% e incubadas a 37º C por 24-48 horas, seguida do enriquecimento seletivo em caldo de tetrationato de sódio, com incubação a 37º C por 24-48h e plaqueamento em meio seletivo XLT4, a 37º C por 24-48h. Para o isolamento de E. coli, as amostras foram semeadas em ágar MacConkey, com incubação a 37º C por 24 h. As colônias suspeitas foram identificadas por série bioquímica. A técnica de PCR foi utilizada para a confirmação do gênero Salmonella spp, identificação dos sorovares de S. Enteritidis e S. Typhimurium e para a determinação dos fatores de virulência de Escherichia coli. Dentre os 118 animais analisados, 4,23% (5/118) foram positivos para Salmonella spp, sendo todos do sorovar S. Typhimurium. Foram identificadas estirpes diarreiogênicas de E. coli, positivas para os fatores de virulência eae (8/118), bfp (4/118) e stx2f (3/118). Na análise filogenética pela técnica de AFLP, as estirpes de E. coli diarreiogênicas apresentaram uma diversidade genética, mas as estirpes de S. Typhimurium foram consideradas clonais. Os dados deste trabalho destacam o risco sanitário relacionado ao forrageamento da espécie Columba livia em zoológicos, por meio da confirmação da presença de Salmonella Typhimurium, EPEC típica, EPEC atípica e STEC nas excretas destas aves / Pigeons (Columba livia) are exotic birds, synanthropic and reservoirs of some zoonotic diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize genotypically isolates of Salmonella spp. and diarrheagenic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from domestic pigeons. Fecal swabs of 118 pigeons were collected from two zoos in São Paulo. The samples were subjected to a pre-enrichment step being placed in peptone water solution of 0.1% and incubated for 24-48 h at 37º C. Thereafter it was performed selective enrichment step where the samples were transferred in sodium tetrathionate broth with incubation for 24-48 h at 37º C, followed by plating on selective medium XLT4 incubation for 24-48h at 37º C for isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. The samples were also placed in BHI broth for a period of 24 h and then plated on MacConkey medium with incubation for 24h at 37º C for isolation of E. coli. Subsequent microbiological step, the isolates were subjected to DNA extraction using the methodology described by Boom for PCR. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed for identification of the Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and Typhimurium and virulence factors of E. coli. Of the 118 animals tested, 4.23% (5/118) were positive for Salmonella spp., all characterized as being serovar S. Typhimurium. Some E. coli strains (8/118) were positive for virulence factors: eae, 3,38% (4/118), bfp and 2.54% (3/118) to stx2f. In phylogenetic analysis by AFLP, strains of diarrheagenic E. coli showed a genetic diversity, but S. Typhimurium presented a clonal relationship. Data from this study highlight the health risk related to the foraging of Columba livia in zoos, because they can be reservoirs of Salmonella Typhimurium, typical and atypical EPEC and STEC

Orientador: Angelo Berchieri Júnior / Banca: Oswaldo Durival Rossi Júnior / Banca: Nilce Maria Soares / Resumo: Salmonella spp. é um dos patógenos mais comumente encontrados em infecções de origem alimentar em seres humanos. Ovos, produtos contendo ovos e carne de aves são os principais veículos de transmissão do microrganismo, representando um desafio para saúde pública. Com o intuito de pesquisar Salmonella spp. em ovos brancos destinados ao consumo humano foram analisadas, por meio de análise microbiológica convencional e pela Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase, 340 amostras compostas por cinco ovos cada, de quatro diferentes estabelecimentos comerciais. Foram observadas, do número total de amostras, cinco contaminadas pela bactéria (1,47%), sendo três provenientes do supermercado A (2,9%), uma do supermercado B (1,3%) e uma do supermercado D (1,3%) tanto na pesquisa bacteriológica quanto na PCR, não se isolando a bactéria em nenhuma das amostras do supermercado C. Os sorovares isolados nas amostras provenientes do supermercado A e B foram Salmonella Mbandaka e Salmonella enterica subespécie enterica 6,7: z10:- e Salmonella Braenderup no supermercado D. No teste para analisar o comportamento dos isolados frente a antimicrobianos, todas as estirpes apresentaram resistência a pelo menos três dos antimicrobianos testados. Os resultados demonstraram que ovos contaminados estão chegando à mesa dos consumidores, representando um risco a saúde da população / Abstract: Salmonella spp. is one of the most common pathogens found in food-borne infections in humans. Products containing eggs and poultry meat are the main vehicles of transmission of microorganisms, representing a challenge for public health. In order to search for Salmonella spp. white eggs for human consumption were analyzed by methods of conventional microbiological analysis and by the Polymerase Chain Reaction, 340 samples composed of five eggs, of four different establishments. Of the total samples, five were contaminated by bacteria (1.47%). Three of them were from supermarket A (2.9%), one from supermarket B (1.3%) and one from supermarket D (1.3%), all contaminated in bacteriological analyzes and in PCR, and the bacteria was not isolated in the samples of the supermarket C. The serovars isolated in samples from the supermarket A and B were Salmonella Mbandaka and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica 6,7: z10: - and Salmonella Braenderup at the supermarket D. In a test to analyze the behavior of isolated bacteria against antimicrobial agents, all strains were resistant to at least three of the antimicrobials tested. The results showed that contaminated eggs are coming to the consumers table, representing a risk to health / Mestre