Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:46:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 stachissini_avm_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 401033 bytes, checksum: 00097ff342cd7c1ca0227bf9fbcb1d11 (MD5) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / With the aim of evaluating the seroepidemiological profiles of the toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in dairy goats from Sao Paulo state; possible risks of the toxoplasmosis for the public health and the associations of the diseases with the co-infection by the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV); and to stablish a quantitative indicator of the health (L°sanitary statusLl) of the farms, 923 caprine serum samples were obtained from 17 different properties. The animals were male and female , over three months old, subdivided in three age groups: < 1 year-old, between 1 and 4 years-old and > 4 years-old. For toxoplasmosis, neosporosis and caprine arthritis-encephalitis diagnosis, were used, respectively, indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFATLÃ16), Neospora agglutination test (NATLÃ25) and agar gel immunodiffusion (IDGA, positive or negative). A questionnaire containing reproductive and epidemiologic information was applied for all the farms. All the discussion were realized at 5% significance level. The positivity rates were 23.40 % for the toxoplasmosis and 19.77 % for the neosporosis. Two properties presented no positive result for T. gondii and in one there was no seropositive animal for N. caninum. There were no associations between the frequency of seropositivity and sex for both diseases. A more advanced age influenced positively in the occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies, but there no statistical difference for N. caninum. The presence of cats and dogs in farms was associated to the raise of positive rates for toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, respectively. The seropositivity for just one of the agents (T. gondii or N. caninum) did not influence the ocurrence of reproductive failures. There was no association between anti-CAEV antibodies and the presence of antibodies anti-T. gondii or anti-N. caninum... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-31Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000791018.pdf: 1531884 bytes, checksum: ae4013aba1ff9092a7c8a61c550632bf (MD5) / A partir de 2005, a comissão do Codex Alimentarius deu início a uma nova empreitada no que diz respeito às práticas da inspeção ante e pós-morte, inserindo-as definitivamente nos planos de segurança e inocuidade. Recomenda-se, a adoção de métodos e técnicas de exames ou de análises que possuam enfoque ou características baseados no sistema APPCC (Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle – HACCP), que tem fundamentos científicos e caráter sistemático, permitindo identificar perigos específicos e medidas para seu controle - prevenção, redução ou eliminação, garantindo a inocuidade dos alimentos em margens de risco (Risk Analysis) aceitáveis internacionalmente. Este estudo visou à análise e a discussão das práticas vigentes durante a inspeção pós-morte de bovinos com base no monitoramento das ocorrências sanitárias durante o ano de 2012 e estudo retrospectivo da evolução dessas ocorrências entre os anos 2007 e 2011, com vistas à discussão e possível adequação dessas práticas com base nos requisitos e recomendações do Codex Alimentarius e do sistema de gestão de caráter preventivo definido pelo plano APPCC, focando-as em análises de risco. Nesse período, foram observados 17.981 casos de cisticercose (1,68%), 557 casos de linfadenite do tipo tuberculosa (0,05%), 1315 ocorrências de abscessos hepáticos (0,12%) e 235 casos de pneumonia (0,02%), num total de 1.067.584 animais abatidos. O índice geral para ocorrência de alterações sanitárias no exame pósmorte para o período foi de 1,9%, significando que dois em cada 100 animais abatidos demandam providências que salvaguardem a saúde dos consumidores. Embora pareça pequena, essa ainda é uma cifra muito elevada que impõe a necessidade do aprimoramento dos programas sanitários na exploração animal e sua efetiva adoção e responsabilização com base nas boas práticas de produção / Since 2005, the Codex Alimentarius committee began a new journey regarding the ante and post morten inspection practices, including this practice permanently at the security and safety plans. Methods and techniques tests adoption are recommended or analyze that have focus or characteristics based on HACCP program that have scientific fundamentals and systematic character that permit identify the specific hazard and measures for their control – prevention, reduction or elimination, ensuring the food safety in risk analysis international tolerable. This review aimed to analyze and discussion from adopted practices during the bovine post mortem inspection based on the sanitary occurrence monitoring during 2012, and based on retrospective study of these sanitary occurrences from 2007 to 2011, order to discuss and possible adequacy from these practices based on Codex Alimentarius requirements and recommendations. In this period were observed, 17.981 cases of cysticercosis (1,68%), 557 tuberculosis (0,5%), 13315 hepatic abscess (0,12%) and 235 pneumonia. (0,02%) in a total of 1.067.584 slaughtered animals. The general index to the sanitary changes occurrence at the post mortem exam at the period were 1,9%, what mean that each 100 animals slaughtered 2 need procedures to take care about customers heath safety. Although looks like a small quantity, it’s a big number that impose the necessity of the sanitary programs upgrading

Self Supply Systems (SSS) can be defined as privately owned household level water sources. The research focus is on urban self supply hand dug wells in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Self supply wells serve an estimated 45% of Abeokuta’s population. SSS can be gradually upgraded to improve water quality, but water quality can also be improved through effective risk management. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a risk management tool known as Water Safety Plans (WSP), but the tool has not been tried for SSS. This research focuses on the relevance of the generic WHO water safety plans tool to SSS, with the aim to develop an appropriate water safety framework for self supply sources to ensure acceptable household water. Water from self supply wells is used for both ingestion and non-ingestion household activities. The water quality of the sources is poor and not safe for consumption with faecal coliform counts in excess of 100 cfu/100 ml of water. Self supply wells in Abeokuta are plagued by four main water safety threats; style of source operation – primarily through bucket and rope -, construction problems, proximity to sources of contamination, and user’s hygiene practices. Users are in denial of the health consequences of unsafe water. There is a predominantly reactive attitude to water safety management. The main source management approaches include access and hygiene management. To appropriate existing WSP to SSS, source and water safety control measures require user acceptability to be sustainable in terms of adoption and compliance. Incentives are needed for the adoption of SSS water safety plans. A two- phase supporting program is necessary: awareness and enlightenment campaigns and relevant training activities. Water safety development for self supply wells need to be initiated and coordinated by an established institution other than the source owners. This research suggests the Department of Public Health as the institution to facilitate the development of water safety plans for SSS in Abeokuta, Nigeria.

A Vigilância Sanitária (VISA) compõe, contemporânea e institucionalmente, o campo de ação da Saúde Coletiva no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde denominado de Vigilância em Saúde. As ações de VISA são conduzidas pelo Sistema Nacional de VISA, onde coexiste uma multiplicidade de formas de implementá-las, resultando em uma heterogênea capacidade de eliminar, diminuir e prevenir riscos à saúde, bem como de intervir em problemas sanitários. Essas variações indicam a necessidade de um processo de avaliação sistemático e abrangente para a VISA, apontando diferenças e desigualdades nas formas de implementar suas ações e superando as fragilidades presentes na avaliação vigente. Esta tese propõe um método para a avaliação da VISA, tendo como principais características: avaliar a implantação da VISA com um propósito formativo; incorporar as diretrizes e subdiretrizes propostas pelo Plano Diretor de VISA; basear-se em um modelo sociológico inter-relacionado e multidimensional, composto pelas dimensões Adaptação (A), Alcance de Metas (M), Processos de Trabalho (P) e manutenção da Cultura e Valores (CV); investigar medidas de desempenho e sua dinâmica; caracterizar metas de VISA, distinguindo-as de seus processos de trabalho; propor a avaliação da Segurança em Cadeias de Risco; produzir e integrar informações sobre a VISA em nível operacional, gerencial e estratégica; caracterizar qualitativamente as relações entre dimensões a partir de um modelo explicativo, que permite a proposição de ações de melhoria em uma perspectiva estratégica; permitir investigar e incorporar as posições de diferentes grupos avaliativos. O método foi aplicado em um estudo de caso em nível municipal, permitindo avaliar a implantação da VISA em relação ao entendimento de técnicos de VISA, gestores e de conselheiros de saúde. A avaliação conduzida indicou um desempenho Global regular (MBGlobalB=5,4) da VISA no município A, conformada a partir de desempenhos também regulares nas quatro dimensões que compõem o modelo, indicando a necessidade de adequações nas ações de VISA, o que contrasta com a adequada avaliação institucional vigente, reforçando a fragilidade desta em avaliar a VISA. / The Sanitary Surveillance (VISA) composes, contemporary and institutionally the Public Health action field, in the Brazilian Health System ambit denominated Health Surveillance. VISA actions are driven by a National System, where coexists a multiplicity of ways of implementing it, resulting in a heterogeneous capacity to eliminate, to decrease and to prevent health risks, as well as intervening in sanitary problems. Those variations indicate the need of a systematic and including evaluation process to VISA, showing differences and inequalities in the why of implementing its actions and overcoming difficulties in present evaluation. This thesis proposes a method for the VISA evaluation, having as main characteristics: to evaluate the implantation with a formative purpose; to incorporate the guidelines and sub guidelines proposals for the VISA’s Director Plan; to be based in an interrelated and multidimensional sociological model, composed by Adaptation (A), Goals reach (M), Work Processes (P) and Culture and Values maintenance (CV) dimensions; to investigate performance measures and its dynamic; to characterize VISA’s goals, distinguishing them of its work processes; to propose the Security evaluation in Risk Chains; to produce and to integrate information about VISA in operational, managerial and strategic level; to characterize relationships among dimensions in a qualitative way, starting from an explanatory model, that allows the proposition of improvement actions in a strategic perspective; allow to investigate and to incorporate different evaluative groups positions. The method was applied in a case study at municipal level, what allowed evaluating VISA implantation in relation to VISA technicians, managers and health counselors understanding. The driven evaluation indicated a regulate VISA Global performance (MBGlobalB=5,4) in A municipal district, conformed from also regular performances in the four dimensions that compose the model, indicating the need of adaptations in VISA actions, what contrasts with the appropriate effective institutional evaluation, reinforcing its fragility in VISA’s evaluation.

Nos últimos tempos no Brasil a crescente produção e descarte de resíduos sólidos tem sido uma preocupação para os órgãos ambientais, prefeituras municipais e governos federal e estaduais. Desta forma, intensificar estudos nestas áreas se faz necessário com vistas a incrementar informações sobre o cenário atual. Este trabalho apresenta a visão dos resíduos sólidos e do aterro sanitário, seu destino final, pela ótica de um grupo de moradores do município de Porto Alegre-RS, através da percepção do seu meio ambiente. Valorizando o aprendizado, imaginação, memória e a bagagem experiencial individual, faz uma análise interpretativa das diferentes visões de mundo dos técnicos, da população da capital e dos moradores vizinhos do Aterro Sanitário da Extrema, tendo como foco central o lixo produzido pela sociedade local. O estudo utiliza o método fenomenológico para extrair das manifestações a essência da compreensão individual e obter as opiniões pessoais, as semelhantes, as controvérsias e os conflitos como expressão das sensibilidades dos atores sociais. Lixo ou resíduo? O que esse grupo de moradores pensa e sabe sobre isso, como valoriza e como se insere na produção dos resíduos domiciliares? O que conhece sobre gestão, tratamento e destinação final? Como o Aterro Sanitário da Extrema é percebido pelos moradores? Essas são algumas questões apuradas e retratadas na pesquisa e que permite ponderar sobre o espaço vivido e o espaço construído, mediado pelo conceito de geograficidade fundamentado nas quatro categorias: topofilia, topofobia, topocídio e topo-reabilitação. / Lately in Brazil the increasing waste production and discarding have been a concern to environmental agencies, county administrations, and state or federal governments. This makes necessary more studies on the subject, producing information on the present situation. This work presents how the question of solid wastes and sanitary landfills is perceived in the environment by a group of residents of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. An interpretative analysis is made, through the different visions of technicians, county residents and neighbors to the Extrema Sanitary Landfill, focused on the waste produced by the local society, and valuing learning, imagination, memory and individual experiences. This study used the phenomenological method to extract from these perceptions the deep individual awareness, obtaining private, common, controversial and opposing opinions, as expressions of the sensibility of the social players. Garbage or waste? What this group of residents think and know, how they value and how they place themselves in the production of household residues? What they know on management, treatment, and end destination? How the Extrema Sanitary Landfill is perceived by residents? These are some of the questions investigated in this research, allowing a thought on the living space and on the built space, mediated by the concept of geographic insertion, with its four categories: topophilia, topophobia, topocide, and topo-rehabilitation.

Legislation will be introduced within the UK by 2004 as a result of a European drive to reduce waste levels arising from the disposal of end of life vehicles (ELVs). With the emergence of the European Directive (2000) on ELV disposal, targets for reduction of waste from ELVs have been set. These targets signify that a major change in non-metallic material recycling and in particular polymer recycling is necessary to meet the legislation. Increasing numbers of vehicle components are made from plastic, replacing metals due to enhanced properties such as light weight, formability and material properties (e.g. corrosion resistance, insulation properties, energy absorption etc.). Ultimately this means that more spent plastic material will require disposal, whilst legislation will limit the amount that can enter landfill sites. Therefore alternatives to landfill for plastic waste need to be found. Ideally plastic waste would be reprocessed and a resulting market found. However, the UK polymer recycling infrastructure cannot cope with high quantities of spent plastics, and there is no organisation that is capable of developing the processes that will be necessary to meet legislation. The author has investigated the current state of plastics recycling in the UK with emphasis on technical and business issues. Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) has been used for the first time in this field to develop the theme and create a series of recommendations that could improve the current situation. An innovative approach using Hoshin Kanri to develop the SSM recommendations resulted in the creation of a framework for deployment that the author named ‘the Polymer Recycling Hub’. The Hub could help all parties affected by the impending legislation to create a polymer recycling infrastructure capable of recycling high levels of spent plastic arising from ELVs. Interest in the Polymer Recycling Hub is growing and the author has the backing of many industrial organisations for its implementation.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-10T13:17:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULA SIMONE SOARES DE MEDEIROS - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCEMat) 2015.pdf: 2261838 bytes, checksum: 5b33d306d5194e626b13402878abf44d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-10T13:17:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULA SIMONE SOARES DE MEDEIROS - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCEMat) 2015.pdf: 2261838 bytes, checksum: 5b33d306d5194e626b13402878abf44d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-12 / Capes / As indústrias de beneficiamento e transformação de minérios geram quantidades bastante significativas de resíduos e atualmente existe uma preocupação mundial com a contaminação do meio ambiente. Os custos de disposição de resíduos e tratamentos de efluentes de forma ambientalmente correta são elevados, o que tem motivado muitas pesquisas sobre reciclagem desses resíduos para uso como matérias primas cerâmicas. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a incorporação do resíduo do beneficiamento de quartzito para uso como matérias prima cerâmicas em substituição parcial aos materiais não-plásticos (quartzo e feldspato), para produção de louças sanitárias. Inicialmente as matérias primas convencionais e alternativas (resíduo de quartzito) foram submetidas a uma caracterização físico-mineralógica através das seguintes técnicas: análise granulométrica por difração a laser (AG), difração de raios X (DRX), fluorescência de raios X (EDX), análises térmicas (DTA, TG). Após caracterização foram formuladas barbotinas sem e com resíduo nos percentuais de 2, 4 e 6%, e posteriormente avaliadas suas propriedades reológicas. Após preparação da massa foram conformados corpos de prova pelo processo de colagem, em seguida submetidos a etapa de queima a temperatura de 1.200ºC em forno contínuo e forno intermitente. Após queima foram determinadas as propriedades físicomecânicas: absorção de água; porosidade aparente; perda ao fogo, ensaio mecânico de flexão em três pontos e retração linear. Os resultados evidenciaram que o resíduo de quartzito poderá ser utilizado em até 6% em massa cerâmica para produção em louça sanitária, sendo que os melhores resultados foram para os corpos cerâmicos sinterizados em forno contínuo. / The beneficiation and mineral processing industries generate significant quantities of waste and there is a global concern with environmental contamination. The waste disposal cost and treatments are high, which has motivated much research on recycling of this waste for use as ceramic raw materials. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the incorporation of quartzite processing of waste for use as raw material ceramics in partial substitution of non-plastic materials (quartz and feldspar) for the production of sanitary wares. Initially materials conventional and alternatives (quartzite residue) were subjected to physical and mineralogical characterization using the following techniques: particle size analysis by laser diffraction, X ray diffraction, X ray fluorescence, thermal analysis. After characterizations, the slurries were formulated with and without residue in percentage of 2, 4 and 6%, and then their rheological properties were evaluated. After conformation, test specimens were firing at temperature of 1200 °C in continuous and intermittent furnace. After firing were determined physical and mechanical properties: water absorption; porosity; loss on ignition, mechanical testing of three point bending and linear shrinkage. The results showed that the residue of quartzite can be used by up to 6% ceramic mass production in sanitary ware, and the best results were for the sintered ceramic bodies in continuous furnace.

Waste management of UK shopping centres must contend with operational performance, variable levels of landlord or corporate financial support, escalating costs of recycling programs and disposal charges for landfill. Recurrent critics challenge the economic prudence and environmental benefit of recycling, which has made it a central component in their businesses. This means that facilities management (FM) plays an imperative role to ensure that shopping centres manage the environmental aspect of their solid waste streams in a comprehensive, cost-effective and responsible manner. Considering the importance of FM success in business, this research introduces the relevance of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in shopping centre recycling operations research that combined both recycling and critical success factors theory and research. This thesis explicated the FM position inherent in the shopping centre business operation and offers an improved understanding of the environmental aspect of solid waste recycling focused on the UK shopping centre population. By introducing a recycling implementation success framework, the study also demonstrates the use of the appropriate management skills of the current recycling variables have an impact for the success of shopping centre recycling. As previous research relating to this subject has largely been based on case studies, hence the main aim of this research is to investigate the critical factors related to the implementation success of solid waste recycling between the UK shopping centres. An empirical investigation through mixed-methods research was selected as the appropriate research technique. The assessment of practices using the recycling implementation success (performance) framework was carried out through series of interviews and a macro level survey as key methods for generation of research data. Based on this framework, the research concentrates on the cause-effect relationship between critical factors and self-reported of recycling implementation success. Correlation analysis reveals the extent of the critical success factors implemented by these organisations. Further analysis demonstrates the differences between the critical factors which have the effect on over recycling implementation success. In essence, adhering to the various levels of implementation presented will ensure that shopping centre organisations can derive the maximum benefit from recycling initiatives and that the decision-making process as well as the actions regarded as critical are taken into consideration. Finally, this research provides recommendations from both a theoretical and practical point of view.

This thesis describes the present situation of the Al-Hasa oasis, which is critically dependent on a single over-used water resource. Evidence is presented to show that water usage is inefficient, and that real improvements are possible, but only if the local farmers are provided with the means of determining the soil moisture levels of their fields. Simple tensiometers and soil moisture cells are considered for this purpose and both would be effective. Soil moisture cells are likely to be the better choice, but more work is needed to evaluate their response to saline soil moisture conditions. The thesis shows that the widely used pressure plate (for laboratory evaluations) is less accurate than is the simpler filter paper system. Such laboratory determinations will be needed to ensure that the chosen field instruments are as accurate as is wanted. An interesting, and still incompletely understood, phenomenon is that the soil grain sizes do affect the accuracy of results from the chosen field instruments. More work is planned on this subject. A crucial factor also affecting the long term security of the oasis is to improve near surface drainage and evidence is presented that details the adverse effects of the present inadequate drainage system. In view of the vast financial investment already made into the drainage of the oasis, improvements that allow a better drainage of each individual field are seen as sensible. Evaluations of more modern soil moisture measuring equipment (transducer and psychrometer systems) reveal that these are inappropriate for use at Al-Hasa. The emphasis of the thesis is on the positive contribution to water use efficiency that can be achieved by the individual farmer. If the thesis conclusions are accepted then the continued prosperity of Al-Hasa can be assured at a very small cost.

This project concerns the use of an electromagnetic sensor for the detection of leaks/cracks in water pipes. As old metal pipes corrode they start to become brittle, resulting in the potential for cracks to appear in the pipes. In addition corrosion can build up resulting in a restricted flow of water in the pipe. Using an electromagnetic (EM) wave sensor to monitor the signal reflected from the pipes in real time, provides the necessary information to determine where a leak in the pipe has occurred. Analysis of the reflected signal can provide the operator with information about the condition and position of a leak within the pipe. This is the first time research has been carried using EM waves for leak detection in water pipelines. This project involves the design and construction of an EM sensor operating at frequencies in the range of 240MHz to 560MHz, and at a power of OdBm. The sensor is launched into the water pipeline through any existing hydrant and is moved along the pipeline to check for leaks. The simulation software High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) was used to model the pipe section as a circular waveguide cavity, and also for antenna simulation. The monopole and loop antenna were designed to determine the best antenna for this project. The printed circuit board (PCB) design package Eagle was used to provide the surface mount layout for the sensor, and the PCB board was fabricated by using a computer numerical control (CNC) routing machine. Finally the graphical interface package LabVIEW was used to control the frequency sweep for the sensor and to capture the data from the sensor. Based on the findings of this project, the EM wave sensor could be used to determine a leak up to a 0.9 correlation limit using low cost RF electronic devices.