This diploma thesis focuses on teaching phrasemes in Czech language lessons in elementary schools especially in 7th grade. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical one and research. The main goal of the theoretical part is to present the basic overview of phraseology as a linguistic discipline and didactic games as activating methods of education. The empirical part describes the creation and usage of didactical tools for teaching phrasemes and also summarizes the results of a survey.

Wort und Strich, diesmal zum Thema "Obama in Kairo".

Spruch und Karikatur zum Thema Krieg.

No description available.

本文係研究左傳「君子曰」之各有關問題，共一冊，約八萬字，分六章三十二節。 第一章緒論，敘述本文之研究動機及方法，並考辨「君子曰」之真偽。 第二章「君子曰」之形成，則依其引用方式之不同分為「直接引述」、「間接稱引」 兩者，並分項舉例說明之。 第三章「君子曰」之內容，依評論之重點，分為解經、預言、為政之道、為君之道、 為臣之道、交鄰國之道及論禮、義、信、仁孝、自處之道等，以明其與左傳所論實無 不同也。 第四章「君子曰」之立場與精神，先就其評論之經學立場及其所涵之意義加以分析， 次則以之與左傳所引之「仲尼曰」及公羊、穀梁二傳比較，以明其間之異同，再次則 引述前人之論「君子曰」者，釋其疑難，以明君子之評論非泛泛為之也。 第五章君子之學養，係就其評論引經之情形加以敘述，並論其評論之特色，以明君子 之學養焉。 第六章結論，縷述本文研究之結果，以知左傳乃「事義兼傳」；而由其評論立場，或 可推定其戶書時期不在戰國後期；由其所論與孔子相合，可知其亦為解經之作；而由 其體例，可知左傳於孔子「寓經於史」之義，亦有所發揚也。

FONSECA, Carlos Magno Viana. Escavando o discurso e encontrando o sujeito: uma arqueologia das heterogeneidades enunciativas. 2007. 225f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Linguística) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by nazareno mesquita (nazagon36@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-07-01T15:12:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_diss_CMVFonseca.pdf: 1298676 bytes, checksum: 5ef011062a38d298282788a146e0659f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-08-01T16:47:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_diss_CMVFonseca.pdf: 1298676 bytes, checksum: 5ef011062a38d298282788a146e0659f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-01T16:47:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_diss_CMVFonseca.pdf: 1298676 bytes, checksum: 5ef011062a38d298282788a146e0659f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / This research aims at evaluating the statute of the enunciative heterogeneity in authentic speeches as a characterizing element of the enunciation. The intention is to weigh up the theoretical basis upon which the heterogeneity (ies) is (are) supported evaluating, according to this, the linguistic forms inventories that represent the approached phenomenon. As specific goals, we have established, at first, the researcher’s genealogic function, that is, to describe the origins of the speeches approach through the heterogeneous aspects, and, in a second place, the researcher’s archeological function, that is, to analyze the discursive-enunciative effects the insertion of a linguistic form of enunciative heterogeneity provokes inside the speech and the dialogic relationships that are established from them. In order to pursue these goals, we proceeded to a bibliographic revision on the works of Authier-Revuz (1990; 1998; 2004), Bakhtin (1992; 2002), Lacan (2000; 2002; and others), among other scholars which are representative of the enunciation study. The collecting and selection of enunciative events for the analysis are based on the definition of metaenunciation and were extracted from a corpus constituted of thirty (30) Linguistics academic papers published in online magazines. Based on these proceedings we look for offering an exhaustive characterization of the enunciative heterogeneities, concentrating the emphasis on non-coincidences of saying, as well as to present an interpretation possibility of the enunciative heterogeneities which do not limit it self to a description purely linguistic and formal of its expressions, as it happens in the specialized literature. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar o estatuto da heterogeneidade enunciativa em discursos autênticos como elemento caracterizador da enunciação. A intenção é sopesar a base teórica sobre a qual a(s) heterogeneidade(s) se sustenta(m) avaliando, com base nisso, os inventários das formas lingüísticas que representam o fenômeno abordado. Como objetivos específicos, estabelecemos, primeiro, a função genealógica do pesquisador, isto é, descrever as origens da abordagem dos discursos através dos aspectos heterogêneos e, em segundo lugar, a função arqueológica do pesquisador, qual seja, analisar quais efeitos enunciativo-discursivos a inserção de uma forma lingüística de heterogeneidade enunciativa provoca no interior de um discurso e quais relações dialógicas são estabelecidas a partir delas. Para isso, procedemos a uma revisão bibliográfica nos textos de Authier-Revuz (1990; 1998; 2004), Bakhtin (1992; 2002), Lacan (2000; 2002; e outros), entre outros teóricos representativos da investigação da enunciação. A coleta e seleção de eventos enunciativos para análise baseiam-se na definição de metaenunciação e foram retirados de um corpus constituído de trinta (30) artigos acadêmicos de lingüística publicados em revistas on line. Com base nesses procedimentos, esperamos oferecer de uma caracterização exaustiva das heterogeneidades enunciativas, concentrando a ênfase nas não-coincidências do dizer, e também apresentar uma possibilidade de interpretação das heterogeneidades enunciativas que não se limite apenas à descrição puramente lingüística e formal de suas expressões, como acontece na literatura especializada.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O objetivo desta pesquisa à avaliar o estatuto da heterogeneidade enunciativa em discursos autÃnticos como elemento caracterizador da enunciaÃÃo. A intenÃÃo à sopesar a base teÃrica sobre a qual a(s) heterogeneidade(s) se sustenta(m) avaliando, com base nisso, os inventÃrios das formas lingÃÃsticas que representam o fenÃmeno abordado. Como objetivos especÃficos, estabelecemos, primeiro, a funÃÃo genealÃgica do pesquisador, isto Ã, descrever as origens da abordagem dos discursos atravÃs dos aspectos heterogÃneos e, em segundo lugar, a funÃÃo arqueolÃgica do pesquisador, qual seja, analisar quais efeitos enunciativo-discursivos a inserÃÃo de uma forma lingÃÃstica de heterogeneidade enunciativa provoca no interior de um discurso e quais relaÃÃes dialÃgicas sÃo estabelecidas a partir delas. Para isso, procedemos a uma revisÃo bibliogrÃfica nos textos de Authier-Revuz (1990; 1998; 2004), Bakhtin (1992; 2002), Lacan (2000; 2002; e outros), entre outros teÃricos representativos da investigaÃÃo da enunciaÃÃo. A coleta e seleÃÃo de eventos enunciativos para anÃlise baseiam-se na definiÃÃo de metaenunciaÃÃo e foram retirados de um corpus constituÃdo de trinta (30) artigos acadÃmicos de lingÃÃstica publicados em revistas on line. Com base nesses procedimentos, esperamos oferecer de uma caracterizaÃÃo exaustiva das heterogeneidades enunciativas, concentrando a Ãnfase nas nÃo-coincidÃncias do dizer, e tambÃm apresentar uma possibilidade de interpretaÃÃo das heterogeneidades enunciativas que nÃo se limite apenas à descriÃÃo puramente lingÃÃstica e formal de suas expressÃes, como acontece na literatura especializada. / This research aims at evaluating the statute of the enunciative heterogeneity in authentic speeches as a characterizing element of the enunciation. The intention is to weigh up the theoretical basis upon which the heterogeneity (ies) is (are) supported evaluating, according to this, the linguistic forms inventories that represent the approached phenomenon. As specific goals, we have established, at first, the researcherâs genealogic function, that is, to describe the origins of the speeches approach through the heterogeneous aspects, and, in a second place, the researcherâs archeological function, that is, to analyze the discursive-enunciative effects the insertion of a linguistic form of enunciative heterogeneity provokes inside the speech and the dialogic relationships that are established from them. In order to pursue these goals, we proceeded to a bibliographic revision on the works of Authier-Revuz (1990; 1998; 2004), Bakhtin (1992; 2002), Lacan (2000; 2002; and others), among other scholars which are representative of the enunciation study. The collecting and selection of enunciative events for the analysis are based on the definition of metaenunciation and were extracted from a corpus constituted of thirty (30) Linguistics academic papers published in online magazines. Based on these proceedings we look for offering an exhaustive characterization of the enunciative heterogeneities, concentrating the emphasis on non-coincidences of saying, as well as to present an interpretation possibility of the enunciative heterogeneities which do not limit it self to a description purely linguistic and formal of its expressions, as it happens in the specialized literature.

Пословицы о еде, подобно ветви пословичных выражений, содержат знания и культуру, касающиеся различных аспектов пищи и напитков. Как гласит старая поговорка: " 民以食为天 /Хлеб всему голова". Еда, как неотъемлемая часть жизни людей, взаимозависима и развивается вместе, поскольку сегодня страны и народы взаимодействуют все чаще и чаще. Количество и разнообразие русских и китайских пословиц о еде огромно, данная диссертация опирается на теории лингвистической культуры и культуры питания, чтобы собрать, классифицировать и упорядочить пословицы на основе предыдущих исследований, сравнивая и интерпретируя их с точки зрения категорий еды, пищевых обычаев и концепций еды. В работе анализируются поверхностные культурные различия между китайской и русской кухней, а также исследуются более глубокие культурные причины этих поверхностных культурных различий от поверхности к внутреннему содержанию, от которых зависит их перевод и правильное восприятие с учетом национальных и культурных особенностей. Работа состоит из следующих разделов: Введение. Глава 1 Теоретические основы перевода пословиц и поговорок России и Китая Глава 2 Перевод русских и китайских пословиц и поговорок, связанных с культурой питания. Заключение. Список литературы. Приложения, в которых представлен перевод русских пословиц на китайский язык и перевод китайских пословиц на русский язык. / Proverbs about food, as a branch of proverbs, contain knowledge and culture about many aspects of eating and drinking. As the old saying goes: "民以食为天 /bread is the head". Food, as an integral part of people's lives, is interdependent and evolves together as countries and peoples interact more and more today. The number and variety of Russian and Chinese proverbs about food is enormous, this dissertation draws on theories of linguistic culture and food culture to collect, classify and organize proverbs based on previous research, comparing and interpreting them in terms of food categories, food customs and food concepts. The paper analyzes the superficial cultural differences between Chinese and Russian food and explores the deeper cultural reasons for these superficial cultural differences from the surface to the inner content. The paper consists of the following sections: Introduction. Chapter 1 Theoretical basis of translation of proverbs and sayings of Russia and China Chapter 2 Translation of Russian and Chinese proverbs and sayings related to food culture. Conclusion. List of references. Appendices, which present the translation of Russian proverbs into Chinese and the translation of Chinese proverbs into Russian.

In this magister study ,,Christian Christmas and its Practice in Prague" I write about Christmas in Prague. I write about a Christmas traditions, weather sayings and about the ways of celebration Chistmas in Prague. This diploma has two parts. The first part is a theoretical part and the second part is a practical part. In the theoretical part I write about Christian traditions, traditions and weather sayings. For example I write about saint Barbora, Mikulas, Lucy and Stephan. In this magister study I also write about Christmas Eve. This day has a lot of traditons, for example people cut an apple or throw the boot. They also sing Christmas carols and watch the fairy tales in the Czech television. The Czech Christmas has a lot of symbols, for example the Christmas carols, Christmas trees, Christmas decorations, a carp, Christmas candles and Christmas concerts of popular and Christmas music. The new tradition is watching the fairy tales in the televiion or shopping a lot of Christmas gifts. In the practical part of my study I write about a Christmas celebration in Prague in the 21st century. I know that the most important is the Christmas Eve with a Christmas dinner, the Christmas tree, the Christmas traditions and the Christmas gifts. People in the Czech Republic like Christmas because Christmas are a very...

Lacan introduit le concept de lettre dans son enseignement pour définir la direction de lacure analytique. Dans cette perspective, la définition de la lettre s’avère essentielle pour lapsychanalyse. Néanmoins, la définition de la lettre change au fur et à mesure que Lacanavance dans son enseignement. Ce changement de perspective implique une nouvelleconception de la clinique. De cette manière, ce travail propose d’étudier les différentsusages cliniques de la lettre dans l’enseignement de Jacques Lacan. Dans un premier temps,il s’agit d’un usage représentatif de la lettre. Cela implique la production des effets de sens.À ce moment-là, la lettre et le signifiant ne sont pas distingués. Cet usage de la lettre permetde définir la psychanalyse comme une pratique du bien-dire. Dans un second temps, ils’agit d’un usage de jouissance de la lettre. Cela implique la production d’une jouissancehors sens. Cette fois-ci, Lacan réussit à distinguer la lettre et le signifiant. Cet usage de lalettre permet de définir la psychanalyse comme une pratique du savoir-lire. Bien-dire etsavoir-lire désignent ainsi deux modalités d’usage de la lettre. C’est pourquoi cetterecherche a pour objectif de démontrer que la psychanalyse est une pratique de la lettre. / Lacan introduced the concept of the letter in his teaching in order to define the direction ofthe analytic cure. In this perspective, the definition of the letter is essential forpsychoanalysis. Nonetheless, the definition of the letter changed throughout the course ofhis teaching and this change of perspective implies a new conception of the clinic. As such,in this work we propose to study the different clinical uses of the letter in Jacques Lacan'steaching. Initially, it involved a representative usage of the letter, one which implies theproduction of meaning effects. At this moment, the letter and the signifier areindistinguishable. This use of the letter permits one to define psychoanalysis as a practiceof saying-well. Secondly, it involves the letters use of jouissance, which implies theproduction of senseless jouissance. This time, Lacan successfully distinguishes betweenletter and signifier. This use of the letter permits one to define psychoanalysis as a practiceof knowing-how-to-read. As such, saying-well and knowing-how-to-read designate twomodalities for the usage of the letter. The objective of this investigation is thus that ofdemonstrating that psychoanalysis is a practice of the letter.