De tous les penseurs du cercle romantique d'Iéna, Friedrich Schlegel est celui qui, en langue française, fut le plus négligé. Novalis, Schleiermacher, Wackenroder ont déjà fait l'objet d'études nombreuses et de traductions largement diffusées. Le travail de Louis-Charles Le Blanc vise essentiellement deux choses: donner, d'une part, au public généralement cultivé une traduction inédite et acceptable au point de vue philologique des Fragments de Friedrich Schlegel, ouvrage fondamental pour le développement du courant romantique européen; et accompagner, d'autre part, cette traduction d'un apparat critique qui puisse servir d'introduction à la pensée de l'écrivain allemand. Outre l'aspect plus strictement philologique, l'ouvrage présente le rôle dialectique joué par l'ironie dans la pensée de Friedrich Schlegel, c'est-à-dire en quoi l'ironie romantique détermine de la part du sujet une appropriation du monde, appropriation qui témoigne d'une compréhension intime (pathos) qui n'est pas de l'ordre de l'explication encyclopédique (logos). L'ironie schlégélienne, qui s'inspire de la théorie fichtéenne de la liberté, forme une esthétique de l'ironie qui, en dénonçant la séparation qui existe entre l'idéal et le réel, et en insistant sur cette séparation, forme le premier moment du nihilisme européen.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:08:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bogado_am_me_arafcl.pdf: 959038 bytes, checksum: 81452521bce9f681c5bd203b5c6bd59a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A pesquisa consiste em estudar a expressão poética e filosófica existente no romance Lucinde (1799), de Friedrich Schlegel (1772-1829). Crítico e pensador deste período, Schlegel concretiza nesta obra, através da linguagem e da forma, os ideais do Primeiro Romantismo (Frühromantik). Tendo como base o idealismo subjetivo da filosofia de Johann Gottlieb Fichte, ele desenvolve um conceito que chama de poesia progressiva universal. Em Lucinde, Schlegel concebe um romance histórico-crítico no qual o processo de amadurecimento vivido pelo personagem principal (Júlio) - da sua tempestuosa juventude até a sua harmoniosa vida com Lucinda - pode ser visto como uma alegoria do percurso vivido pelo movimento romântico desde o surgimento do Sturm und Drang (fase de ruptura com os preceitos iluministas), passando pelo processo de formação (Bildung), até chegar ao momento presente vivido por Schlegel: a produção de Lucinde e o círculo de Jena, sendo que o texto transita entre o elogio e a crítica desse percurso histórico-literário da Alemanha do século XVIII. A produção dos pensadores do Frühromantik girou em torno principalmente de ensaios filosóficos, da história da literatura e da crítica literária e o romance de Schlegel compreende a infinitude dessas questões. Lucinde está muito distante de ser um romance de entretenimento: trata-se de um projeto romântico. Filosofia, crítica literária e história da literatura em forma de arte. / The reasearch consists in studying the poetic and philosophical expression existing in the novel Lucinde ( 1799 ), by Friedrich Schlegel ( 1772-1829). Critic and thinker from that period, Schlegel renders in this piece , through his language and structure, the ideal of the Early German Romanticism ( Frühromantik ). Based on the subjective idealism from the philosophy of Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Schlegel developes a concept wich he names universal pregressive poetry. In Lucinde, Schlegel conceives a historical-critic novel in wich the process of maturation lived by the protagonist ( Júlio ) - from his tempestuous youth to his harmonious life with Lucinda - can be seen as an allegory of the course traversed by the Romantism since the arising of Sturm und Drang ( a rupture phase with the illuminist principles ), passing from the forming process ( Bildung ), to the present moment lived by Schlegel: the production of Lucinde and the circle of Jena; being the text a transient between the praise and the critique of this historical-literary course of the Germany in the eighteenth century. The production of the Frühromantik's thinker moved around philosophical essays specially, literature history and literary critique; and the Schlegel's novel comprehends the infinities of these issues. Lucinde is quite far away from being an entertainment novel: it's a romantic project. Philosophy, literary critique and literature history turned into art.

La réflexion ayant mené à cette thèse s'est développée à partir d'un questionnement sur les traces d'un héritage romantique chez Marie-Claire Blais et de la conviction que, pour bien saisir ce qui est en jeu dans l'écriture récente de l'auteure, il importe de reconnaître que l'esthétique des oeuvres reflète une visée philosophique. La trilogie Soifs est envisagée comme une réactualisation du projet de Friedrich Schlegel, élaboré au sein du cercle d'Iéna à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, et dont la mise en oeuvre dépend d'une forme particulière d'ironie, que la postérité a nommée « romantique ». Née, dans le sillage de la philosophie kantienne, d'une conscience aiguë des limites de la subjectivité, cette ironie hérite du mouvement de la pensée et de la contre-pensée du dialogue socratique, qu'elle inscrit dans une épistémologie complexe et dans un projet collectif. En concevant la progression du savoir comme le dépassement de soi de la conscience limitée en direction d'un infini irreprésentable, Schlegel fait dépendre la connaissance d'une disponibilité du sujet à la pluralité des façons de connaître le monde et situe la vérité dans la multiplicité contradictoire et paradoxale des expériences qui n'accèdent tous qu'à des fragments de réel. Le pari de cette thèse est de montrer qu'une conception semblable de la conscience et de la connaissance informe l'esthétique de la trilogie Soifs, définit le mouvement de démultiplication des perspectives et des expériences souvent inconciliables et détermine la visée universalisante qui régit la forme d'une totalité toujours paradoxale. En somme, il s'agit de montrer que cette rencontre inattendue de pensées que deux siècles séparent permet de proposer des romans de la trilogie Soifs une lecture fascinante et inédite. Notre thèse est composée de deux parties qui comportent chacune deux chapitres. La première a pour objet de conceptualiser l'ironie romantique en tant que démarche épistémologique et d'étudier son lien intime avec la forme romanesque. Face aux lectures schématiques de la pensée de Schlegel, nous rétablissons l'ascendance philosophique de l'ironie grâce à la démonstration de la filiation socratique et du rapport de la pensée romantique avec celle des idéalistes allemands dans le contexte des débats de l'époque. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à la postérité de la philosophie schlégélienne dans la critique et dans la littérature, en engageant le dialogue avec Georg Lukács et sa Théorie du roman. Nous voyons ainsi que si ce dernier minimise la dimension épistémologique et pluraliste de l'ironie, Marie-Claire Blais et certains romanciers contemporains renouent avec cet aspect de la pensée romantique à partir d'une perspective actuelle. La seconde partie de la thèse vise à montrer qu'une attention portée aux mécanismes de l'ironie romantique tels qu'ils se développent dans la trilogie Soifs permet d'articuler en un portrait cohérent les stratégies narratives, les principes structurels, la réflexion qui oriente l'écriture et le rôle réservé au lecteur. Une étude des techniques narratives et formelles conduit, dans un premier temps, à l'hypothèse selon laquelle la paradoxale cohésion de l'univers romanesque résulte d'une sorte de mythologie dite « réflexive », qui apparaît comme la recherche de points de cristallisation d'un imaginaire partagé. À partir de cette hypothèse, nous explorons plus avant la philosophie que développe la trilogie au fil de l'écriture, en interrogeant le rapport à l'histoire et à la mémoire. Il est question de la reformulation insistante de la mémoire historique qui découle à la fois d'une inscription singulière de la figure du Juif Errant et de la représentation d'un temps de la « mémoire totale », lié à la symbolique de l'aube en tant que moment privilégié où la rédemption reste du domaine du possible. Nos analyses permettent de conclure que la mythologie réflexive semble motivée, comme la « nouvelle mythologie » que Schlegel appelait de ses voeux, par le rêve d'un nouveau « centre » ou d'un point solide d'appui pour la recherche de nouveaux savoirs, dans la visée d'une conscience universelle, ce qui signifie, ici, la pleine conscience et connaissance de soi de l'humanité. Dans la tension continue entre la pensée et la contre-pensée, la synthèse et la fragmentation, l'espoir de rédemption et le désespoir fataliste -dans l'ironie qui relance toujours la réflexion, en somme -résident les marques de l'appel à une recherche en commun de l'AIlwissenheit (littéralement: « omniscience ») ou d'un savoir « total », recherche à laquelle est toujours aussi convié le lecteur. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Ironie romantique, Premier romantisme allemand, Roman, Littérature et philosophie, Réflexivité, Histoire, Mémoire, Friedrich Schlegel, Marie-Claire Blais.

This thesis considers Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy in light of Friedrich Schlegel's concept of irony. Departing from previous criticism, which focuses on Sterne's playful narrative techniques, the discussion here elucidates other ways in which Tristram Shandy exemplifies the kind of irony Schlegel theorizes. These ways include: Sterne's "Mischgedicht" method, which amalgamates in a single work many types of style, or diverse permutations of form and content; the depiction of Parson Yorick, who epitomizes Socratic irony as Schlegel defines it in the 108th Lyceum fragment; Sterne's gentle satirizing of systematic thinkers, including his own narrator, Tristram; and Sterne's attitude toward words, knowledge, and reading. At the end of chapter 5, Sterne's irony is unraveled and reconstructed. This disentangling leads to a proposed refutation of recent interpretation of both Sterne and Schlegel. These studies see Sterne and Schlegel's irony as implying lack or flux of meaning. It is the strong contention of the following thesis that an essential aspect of Sterne and Schlegel's shared ironic world view is the continual, optimistic attempt to understand life, which necessarily presupposes a sincere and profound belief in both meaning and the reliable conveyance of it. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:53:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 divino_le_me_arafcl.pdf: 316312 bytes, checksum: b04a67d25620506838b643550182ef05 (MD5) / O seguinte trabalho consiste em uma análise de um romance, Lucinde, escrito por Friedrich Schlegel em 1799. Este romance situa-se no período literário alemão conhecido como Primeiro Romantismo, em alemão Frühromantik. Tal período encontra-se entre os anos de 1798 e 1804. Um dos principais objetivos do trabalho é estudar a construção do romance de Schlegel, e descrever a alegoria, bem como seu emprego como forma de expressão estética, a qual compete decisivamente para a criação de um romance romântico. Como se vê em Lucinde, os românticos enfatizavam o caráter ficcional da obra literária e a reflexão sobre a criação e o ato criador. Com isso, por meio da alegoria e da poética romântica, estudamos os mecanismos para a formação da poesia romântica: a Poesia Universal Progressiva. A pesquisa também descreve o grupo de Jena, isto é, os Primeiros Românticos alemães e seu programa literário. Além desse estudo, o trabalho busca uma fonte para os principais conceitos presentes no programa literário dos românticos. Assim, a pesquisa descreve acerca dos gregos antigos, e principalmente a respeito de Heráclito de Éfeso, que já ditava os pressupostos para a totalidade da natureza humana, os quais seriam depois descritos na poética dos Primeiros Românticos e no próprio romance de Schlegel, como se vê neste trabalho. / The following paperwork consists of an analysis of a novel, Lucinde, written by Friedrich Schlegel in 1799. This novel is situated in the German literary period know as the Early Romanticism, or Frühromantik in German. That period is found between the years of 1798 and 1804. One of the main goals of this work was to study the building blocks of Schlegel's novel, and to describe the allegory, as well its use as an esthetic way of expression, which was decisive for the creation of a romantic novel. As we can see in Lucinde, the romantics emphasize the fictional character of a piece of work and the reflection of the creation and the creation act. Thus, with the allegory and the romantic poetics we can make a study upon the formation of a romantic poetry: the Progressive Universal Poetry. This paper also describes the Jena group, we mean, the German Early Romanticism and their literary program. Besides this study, this research paper describes a source for the main concepts found in the romantic literary program. This way, the paper describes a little about the ancient Greeks, mainly about Heraclites of Ephesus, who has already talked about the totality of the human nature which was later described by the Early Romantics and can be also found in Schlegel's novel, as we can see in this paper.

Orientador: Márcio Orlando Seligmann-Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T22:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Quevedo_WagnerdeAvila_M.pdf: 1168130 bytes, checksum: 0f85c9a43a3e735b3d40ad779c017b1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O presente estudo pretende apresentar a formação do conceito de crítica filosófica na obra do jovem Walter Benjamin a partir da teoria da reflexão dos primeiros românticos alemães (F. Schlegel e Novalis). Se para os românticos a teoria da reflexão é, na leitura de Benjamin, fundamento e pressuposto essencial da crítica de arte, o conceito de crítica benjaminiano se distingue do romântico por meio da problematização da clássica divisão entre forma e conteúdo na arte, para cuja discussão Benjamin traz à baila a estética tardia de Goethe. Contudo, a crítica de Benjamin se aproxima da romântica na medida em que aquela teoria da reflexão realiza, como crítica, uma profunda superação dos problemas clássicos da filosofia alemã, teoria que Benjamin interpreta como medium-de/da-reflexão capaz de elevar a crítica ao mesmo potencial revolucionário vislumbrado pelo romantismo enquanto ruptura estética e filosófica no século XVIII / Abstract: The following study aims to focus on the concept of criticism in Walter Benjamin's early writings by bringing up the articulation of Friedrich Schlegel's and Novalis' philosophical theory of reflection as ground for romantic art criticism. In this sense, the present study intends to show how Benjamin's own criticism distinguishes itself from that of the romantic, for what he discusses the classical aesthetic problem "formmatter" on art and does it by attempting to grasp the relationship between romantic and Goethe's late aesthetic. Nevertheless, Benjamin's effort tries to understand how romantic theory of reflection fulfills a deep critique and overcoming of the german classical philosophical problems. This theory, teaches us Benjamin, is to be seen as a latin construct named "Reflexions-medium" or medium of reflection/reflection's medium, with which Walter Benjamin himself undertakes the same kind of strong criticism opened with Schlegel and Novalis in the late 18th century / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

The aim of this comparative study of Novalis' Heinrich von Ofterdingen , Holderlin's Hyperion, and Schlegel's Lucinde is to develop a comprehensive overview of the role of woman in conceptions of male subjectivity in Early German Romanticism. The reading of the novels developed here examines the Early Romantic poetics with a specific view to the conceptualizations of woman contained therein. The Early Romantic 'Project' consists in the rewriting of the subject and the world in the medium of poetry. Tanscendental poetry, the fragment, allegory, and irony are intended to invoke the presence of an absence, that is the absolute. In the concrete praxis in the novels, these concepts of Early Romantic poetics imply conceptualizations of woman. They articulate a specific approach in the encounter of the male subject with the female object. At the center of Romantic poetics lies the encounter with woman. The unique situatedness of the romantic subject is, indeed, crystallized in this encounter. / Early Romanticism is situated between Kant and Hegel. The post-Kantian subject experiences a crisis of legitimation. Lacking an unmediated access to the object, it is fragmented and threatened. Early Romanticism, however, also prefigures Hegel, inasmuch as the crisis does not consist in the loss of the object, but rather in the encounter of two subjects. The three novels are juxtaposed here because this position between the loss of the object and the crisis of the encounter with the other as subject leads to a paradoxical conceptualization of woman as an uncanny object of desire. In all three novels, the constitution of the male subject and the possibility of poetry depend on the encounter with woman. However, the possibility of woman emerging, indeed, as subject represents an extreme threat. As a consequence, the constitution of the male poetic subject requires the simultaneous assimilation of femininity and the shielding against woman. Hence, the three novels are love stories that narrate the death of woman. However, woman is fundamentally uncanny because even the presence of the dead woman represents a threat. The constitution of the male subject and novel unfolds, therefore, in three stages; the encounter with woman, the assimilation of femininity and death of woman, and the removal of any traces of that death.

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