Empirical trade economists have found that shocks on foreign direct investment (FDI) of some parent country in a host country affect the same parent country´s FDI in other hosts (interdependent hosts). Independent of this, there is evidence that shocks on a parent country´s FDI in some host economy affect other parent countries´ FDI in the same host (interdependent parents). In general equilibrium, shocks on FDI between any country pair will affect all country-pairs´ FDI in the world, including anyone of the two countries in a pair as well as third countries (interdependent third countries). No attempt has been made so far to allow simultaneously for all three modes of interdependence of FDI. Using cross-sectional data on FDI among 22 OECD countries in 2000, we employ a spatial feasible generalized two-stage least squares and generalized moments estimation framework to allow for all three modes of interdependence across all parent and host countries, thereby distinguishing between market-size-related and remainder interdependence. Our results highlight the complexity of multinational enterprises´ investment strategies and the interconnectedness of the world investment system (authors' abstract). / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-10-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_la_dr_arafcf.pdf: 878561 bytes, checksum: 1b0302d7b78c8400814eb99c68c33070 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O choque séptico, que é a maior causa de morte no Brasil e no Mundo, consequência de trauma infeccioso, a indução da óxido nítrico sintase (NOS) do endotélio vascular por produtos originados da parede de bactérias é considerado a causa, mas também parte da ativação de mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro contra a infecção. Uma pronunciada hipotensão seguida de redução da reatividade vascular a mediadores vasoconstritores é determinada pela intensa liberação de mediadores relaxantes, como o próprio óxido nítrico (NO), que podem progredir para a morte do hospedeiro. Em ratos, este fenômeno é igualmente observado. O quadro de choque séptico ou Sepsis pode ser reproduzido pela injeção parenteral de endotoxina de várias bactérias Gram-negativas, como a endotoxina de E. coli (Etx), que produz intensa hipotensão aguda e prolongada, com pronunciada hiporreatividade a angiotensina II (AII)... / In septic schock that is major cause of death folowing in infeccious trauma, the induction of nitric oxide sinthase (NOS) of vascular endothelium by bacterial products is considered to be part of the defense mechanism of hosp against infection. But the hypotension and vascular hyporeactivity determinated by intense release of relaxing factors essentially from endothelial cells, in response to substances, released from walls bcteria which can progress to death of hosp. The hyporreactivity to angiotensin II (AII) is observed in Etx-induced hypotension. The current study show that the vasoconstriction response of AII in rats is reversed by an inhibitor of NOS (N NLA) in control rats, but in adrenalectomized rats these inhibitor did not reversed the hyporreactivity. The dexamethasone impaired the protective effect of N NLA against Etx-induced hyporreactivity . In adrenalectomized rats the N NLA not reverts vascular hyporreactivity to AII. The involvement of antiinflammatory nonsteroids drugs (diclofenac [Diclo] and nimesulide [Nime]) not was involved in reversion of vascular hyporreactivity to AII. Dextran injection, produced hypotension but not produced vascular hyporreactivity to AII. These mechanism is not clarified...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned eletronic address)

Resumo: O choque séptico, que é a maior causa de morte no Brasil e no Mundo, consequência de trauma infeccioso, a indução da óxido nítrico sintase (NOS) do endotélio vascular por produtos originados da parede de bactérias é considerado a causa, mas também parte da ativação de mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro contra a infecção. Uma pronunciada hipotensão seguida de redução da reatividade vascular a mediadores vasoconstritores é determinada pela intensa liberação de mediadores relaxantes, como o próprio óxido nítrico (NO), que podem progredir para a morte do hospedeiro. Em ratos, este fenômeno é igualmente observado. O quadro de choque séptico ou Sepsis pode ser reproduzido pela injeção parenteral de endotoxina de várias bactérias Gram-negativas, como a endotoxina de E. coli (Etx), que produz intensa hipotensão aguda e prolongada, com pronunciada hiporreatividade a angiotensina II (AII)...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In septic schock that is major cause of death folowing in infeccious trauma, the induction of nitric oxide sinthase (NOS) of vascular endothelium by bacterial products is considered to be part of the defense mechanism of hosp against infection. But the hypotension and vascular hyporeactivity determinated by intense release of relaxing factors essentially from endothelial cells, in response to substances, released from walls bcteria which can progress to death of hosp. The hyporreactivity to angiotensin II (AII) is observed in Etx-induced hypotension. The current study show that the vasoconstriction response of AII in rats is reversed by an inhibitor of NOS (N NLA) in control rats, but in adrenalectomized rats these inhibitor did not reversed the hyporreactivity. The dexamethasone impaired the protective effect of N NLA against Etx-induced hyporreactivity . In adrenalectomized rats the N NLA not reverts vascular hyporreactivity to AII. The involvement of antiinflammatory nonsteroids drugs (diclofenac [Diclo] and nimesulide [Nime]) not was involved in reversion of vascular hyporreactivity to AII. Dextran injection, produced hypotension but not produced vascular hyporreactivity to AII. These mechanism is not clarified...(Complete abstract, access undermentioned eletronic address) / Orientador: Maria Teresa Pepato / Coorientador: José Francisco Fracasso / Banca: José Ranali / Banca: Neoclair Molina / Banca: Wilson Abrão Saad / Banca: Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti / Doutor