Cette thèse vise à discuter de la pertinence de l'introduction de mécanismes de marché au sein du système éducatif. En particulier, elle s'interroge sur la capacité de ces mécanismes à améliorer la réussite des élèves. Elle montre dans une première partie que des mécanismes de marché n’ont que peu de chance de permettre un meilleur appariement des élèves aux écoles, des mécanismes centralisés étant préférables. Elle mesure ensuite l’ampleur des effets de pair dans le système scolaire français, et montre qu’ils sont non négligeables. Elle montre ensuite que le système éducatif public français est peu capable de rémunérer ses enseignants au mérite. Enfin, elle analyse l’impact d’une ouverture à la compétition du marché scolaire sur le niveau d’effort des écoles et montre qu’une telle ouverture est susceptible de réduire le niveau d’effort des écoles en augmentant la différentiation vertical entre école, et donc leur pouvoir de marché. En conclusion, les mécanismes de marché semblent peu capables d’améliorer la réussite scolaire. / This dissertation discusses the relevance of the implementation of market mechanisms in the educational system. It shows that such mechanisms are unlikely to improve the matching between schools and students, since centralized mechanisms perform better. Then, it measures peers effects in French public junior high school, and shows that they quite large. In a third part, it looks to the compensation of teachers in France, and show that it is not based on merit or performance. Last, it analyses the impact of the openness to competition of the education, and shows that it is unlikely to produce improvement. Indeed, such openness would lead to an increased vertical differentiation across, giving them more market power. As a result, market mechanisms seem unable to improve students’ achievement.

Thesis advisor: Joseph M. O'Keefe / This mixed methods sequential explanatory designed study applied the economic theory of marketplace competition as a way to frame superintendents' perceptions of the characteristics of students and parents seeking charter schools. Although studies on charter schools are abundant, there is limited literature on this particular aspect of market competition between traditional districts and charter schools. Through surveys and interviews with superintendents across Massachusetts, this study found that most of the superintendents reported a perception that charter schools "cream-skim" higher achieving students and under-serve or "crop" high needs or more costly students - particularly special education and English language learner students. Additionally, superintendents generally perceive that parents were most likely to choose a charter school because of a perception that it was a more elite option and that parents making those choices were more likely to have been engaged in a child's educational life. Many superintendents reported a strong pressure to find ways to retain high-achieving students while expressing resentment that charter schools under-serve high needs students. In three small urban districts, however, superintendents described charter schools that enroll high-needs students proportional to or exceeding the district's student population, filled a gap or met an unmet need, or provided a specialization from which the district could learn. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

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The aim of this presented thesis is to create a marketing plan for language school Jazyková škola Zachová, s.r.o. The thesis includes situational analysis which shows the current situation of the company. According to the analysis, results are defined by the main marketing goals. In the practical part are also determined marketing strategies important for achieving these goals and specified appropriate marketing activity and communication. At the end of the thesis, there are suggested possible ways of controlling the marketing plan and recommended actions for improving the situation and increasing the company competitiveness. The aim of this thesis is to prepare such a marketing plan through which will be achieved the competitive advantage and strengthen the market position.

[pt] O prolongamento do tempo escolar é uma política atraente que os países de renda média vêm adotando. No entanto, apesar de um número crescente de trabalhos analisando o impacto do aumento do tempo de instrução no desempenho dos alunos, pouco se sabe sobre o spillover que esse tipo de política gera, apesar de seu alto custo para alunos pobres de países em desenvolvimento. Assim, avaliamos o impacto das escolas de período integral nas escolas públicas regulares (meio período). Para isso, analisamos o Programa de Ensino Integral (PEI) do estado de São Paulo para o ensino médio em um conjunto de dados com geolocalizações de escolas. Usamos uma estratégia dinâmica de diferença-em-diferenças para mostrar que as escolas de período integral alteram a composição de alunos e professores das escolas regulares vizinhas e afetam negativamente seu desempenho e evasão. Além disso, estimamos o impacto do PEI nas escolas tratadas removendo o viés de spillover e confirmamos que os spillovers são relativamente pequenos em comparação com os ganhos do programa. / [en] Lengthening school time is an attractive policy that middle-income countries have been adopting. However, regardless of an increasing number of works analyzing the impact of increasing instructional time on students achievement, little is known about the spillover that this kind of policy generates, despite its high cost for poor students from developing countries. Therefore, we evaluate the impact of full-day schools on regular public schools (part-time). To do so, we analyze the Programa de Ensino Integral (PEI) of São Paulo state for secondary education in a dataset with schools geolocations. We use a dynamic difference-in-differences strategy to show that full-day schools change students and teachers composition of nearby regular schools and negatively affect their achievement and drop-out. Furthermore, we estimate PEI impact on treated schools removing spillover bias and confirm that the spillovers are relatively small compared with the program s gains.

教育改革近年來在世界各國蔚為風潮，而藉由市場的力量促進學校間彼此競爭是其中一項重要的理念，但促使教育市場化的結果，衍生出許多的爭議和問題。本研究以學校競爭、幼兒園品質、組織創新為主要變項，希望透過本研究來釐清三個變項間之關係，並瞭解學校競爭影響幼兒園品質、組織創新之情形。 本研究以台北市文山區和萬華區兩區立案之公私立幼兒園為實徵研究之對象，有效樣本共81份。並以描述統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析及相關分析等方法來分析並驗證本研究所提出之各項假設。 本研究之主要發現如下： 一、本研究釐清學校競爭之概念內涵，並與幼兒園品質、組織創新作相關連結。 二、文山區和萬華區之幼兒園競爭程度分佈不均。 三、文山區之幼兒園競爭程度較萬華區高。 四、文山區和萬華區之幼兒園園長認為自身園所幼兒園品質之現況佳。 五、文山區和萬華區之幼兒園園長認為自身園所知識活動品質之現況尚待加強。 六、文山區和萬華區之幼兒園園長認為自身園所採用組織創新之現況佳。 七、學校競爭與服務品質呈中度正相關。 八、教學創新與行政創新呈中度正相關。 九、公立幼稚園採用行政創新比私立托兒所多。 最後研究者根據研究結論，就實務面和後續研究方向提出具體的建議，以期對未來幼教的發展有所助益。 / Educational reform has been a trend in western countries. School competition is one of the concept in market-oriented reforms. Yet, evidence on the actual benefits of market-oriented reforms is at best mixed. The purpose of the article is to integrative school competition and the relationship between ECE program quality and organizational innovation in kindergarten. A questionnaires survey are adopted for the study and were distributed to 153 kindergartens in Wenshan district and Wanhua district of Taipei City. The number of valid return rate was 54.2%. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Person correlation, t-test, and ANOVA. The results were as follow: 1. This study investigated the concept of school competition, and linked up school competition with ECE program quality and organizational innovation. 2. This study revealed that the degree of competition between kindergartens was not equal. 3. This study showed that the competition in Wenshan district was higher than in Wanhua district. 4. This study indicated that ECE program quality was good in Wenshan district and Wanhua district. 5. This study showed that knowledge activity quality of kindergarten needed to strengthen in Wenshan and Wanhua district. 6. This study indicated that organizational innovation of kindergarten was good in Wenshan district and Wanhua district. 7. This study demonstrated a positive relationship between school competition and service quality. 8. This study showed a positive relationship between instruction innovation and administration innovation. 9.This study revealed that administration innovations in public school were adopted more than in private school. Overall, findings from this study pointed to several relevant implications for the early childhood education practice and follow-up research.

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