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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

A COMPAIXÃO COMO FUNDAMENTO DA MORAL EM SCHOPENHAUER / COMPASSION AS A PRINCIPLE OF MORALITY IN SCHOPENHAUER

Dalcol, Mônica Saldanha 28 April 2014 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / First of all, the following dissertation consists in a reconstruction and analysis of the major theoretical assumptions that led Schopenhauer to assert that human actions with moral value are only those derived from compassion for others. These assumptions are derived from his metaphysics of the will, a model of metaphysical characterization of the world and the human beings where the will assumes a key place, unseating optimistic visions of the human condition that conceptualizes the man as having power and autonomy. Against traditional ethical thought that believes that we act on our free will, Schopenhauer argues that we act according to our character and that is not built by our decisions throughout our lives, but it is simply revealed by them. The metaphysics of the Will, the present determinism in the doctrine of character and selfishness that rules the world as representation, arising from the principle of individuation, represent fundamental assumptions for the understanding of Schopenhauer's ethics developed in his major works on this topic: The World as Will and Representation and On the Basis of Morality. In second place, we present the main criticisms that Schopenhauer launches to Kantian ethics: first to the excessive Kantian formalism that separates morality from the actual experience of human beings, which, according to Schopenhauer, is precisely from where ethics should start. Subsequently, we will present Schopenhauer's criticism to the categorical imperative as an a priori law that imposes itself unconditionally. We will argue, thirdly, that from the metaphysical assumptions and criticisms against Kant, Schopenhauer comes to his own conception of compassion as the foundation of morals, where he will properly deal with the problem of explaining how an action is possible with genuine moral value amid the selfishness and one's incessant self-affirmation, which features our ordinary condition. Schopenhauer's answer consists, essentially, to say that the compassion is a kind of action entirely selfless, dedicated to the well-being of others. For these characteristics, compassion, as conceived by Schopenhauer, can not be taken as a simple human feeling, such as anger or joy, but its semantic core is defined as a closer model to an attitude of sympathy (a way of 'seeing the world in a correct perspective'), whose precise meaning can only be grasped from his metaphysics of the Will. Compassionate action involves a state of identification with the other, i. e., from the recognition of the unity of the Will, I am being able to identify that the suffering of others has the same configuration as my own suffering. Lastly, in the last chapter, we will present some criticisms and defenses of the proposed moral reasoning developed by Schopenhauer. A good portion of the criticism takes the assumption that compassion is a simple and foundational sense of morality. Against the criticism, for instance, our main argument is that the doctrine of Schopenhauer is not a kind of pure sentimentalism, but that compassion is more like a broader emotional attitude. We also aim to further analyze the latest perspectives for a moral theory centered on compassion from the analysis of Lawrence Blum's approach. From this analysis, we will see that,despite severe criticism, the path firstly opened by Schopenhauer has offered fruitful directions for contemporary moral-philosophical based reflections. / A presente dissertação consiste, em primeiro lugar, numa reconstrução e análise dos principais pressupostos teóricos que conduziram Schopenhauer a afirmar que as ações humanas com valor moral são somente aquelas derivadas da compaixão pelos outros. Esses pressupostos são derivados de sua metafísica da vontade, um modelo de caracterização metafísica do mundo e dos seres humanos onde a vontade assume um lugar fundamental, destituindo visões otimistas da condição humana, que apresentam o homem como dotado de poder e autonomia. Contra o pensamento ético tradicional que considera que agimos segundo nosso livre arbítrio, Schopenhauer sustenta que agimos de acordo com nosso caráter e que esse não é construído por nossas decisões ao longo de nossas vidas, mas simplesmente revelado por elas. A metafísica da Vontade, o determinismo presente na doutrina do caráter, bem como o egoísmo que rege o mundo como representação, decorrente do princípio de individuação, representam pressupostos fundamentais para a compreensão da ética schopenhaueriana desenvolvidas em suas principais obras sobre a temática: O mundo como Vontade e Representação e em Sobre o fundamento da Moral. Em segundo lugar, apresentamos as principais críticas que Schopenhauer lança à ética kantiana: primeiramente ao excessivo formalismo kantiano, que separa a moralidade da experiência real de seres humanos, que, segundo Schopenhauer é justamente de onde a ética deveria partir. Posteriormente, apresentaremos a crítica de Schopenhauer ao imperativo categórico como uma lei a priori que se impõe incondicionalmente. Argumentaremos, em terceiro lugar, que a partir dos pressupostos metafísicos e das críticas a Kant, Schopenhauer chega a sua própria concepção da compaixão como fundamento da moral, aonde irá propriamente lidar com o problema de explicar como é possível uma ação com valor moral genuíno em meio ao egoísmo e incessante afirmação de si, que caracteriza nossa condição ordinária. A resposta de Schopenhauer consiste, essencialmente, em dizer que a compaixão é um tipo de ação inteiramente altruísta, voltada para o bem-estar do outro. Por essas características, a compaixão, tal como concebida por Schopenhauer, não pode ser tomada como um sentimento humano simples, como, por exemplo, a raiva ou alegria, mas seu núcleo semântico é definido a partir de um modelo mais próximo de uma atitude de compadecimento (um modo de vero mundo na perspectiva correta ), cujo sentido preciso somente pode ser apreendido a partir da sua metafísica da Vontade. A ação compassiva envolve um estado de identificação com o outro, isto é, a partir do reconhecimento da unidade da Vontade, eu sou capaz de indentificar que o sofrimento do outro possui a mesma configuração que o meu próprio sofrimento. Por fim, no último capítulo, apresentaremos algumas críticas e defesas da proposta de fundamentação moral desenvolvida por Schopenhauer. Boa parte das críticas assume o pressuposto que a compaixão é um sentimento simples e fundante da moralidade. Contra as críticas, nosso principal argumento é que a doutrina de Schopenhauer não é um tipo de sentimentalismo puro, mas que a compaixão é mais uma atitude emocional ampla. Procuramos, ainda, analisar as perspectivas recentes para uma teoria moral centrada na compaixão a partir da análise da abordagem de Lawrence Blum. A partir dessa análise veremos que, apesar das severas críticas, o caminho aberto primeiramente por Schopenhauer tem oferecido direcionamentos fecundos para a reflexão filosófico-moral contemporânea.
72

[pt] A INFLUÊNCIA DAS FILOSOFIAS DE KANT E PLATÃO NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DA METAFÍSICA DE SCHOPENHAUER / [en] THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHILOSOPHIES OF KANT AND PLATO ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE METAPHYSICS OF SCHOPENHAUER

JEFFERSON SILVEIRA TEODORO 13 June 2022 (has links)
[pt] Esta pesquisa busca analisar a dependência que o sistema metafísico de Schopenhauer possui em relação às filosofias de Kant e Platão. Para tanto, argumentamos a favor de uma maior proximidade de Schopenhauer da matriz racionalista do Ocidente, ainda que pese ser o elemento central de sua filosofia uma coisa-em-si irracional. O trabalho percorre os aspectos epistemológicos, cosmológicos, estéticos e éticos de seu pensamento tanto em relação às suas duas maiores influências, Kant e Platão, quanto em relação ao contexto do Idealismo Alemão. Portanto, o texto investiga como uma metafísica do irracional surge a partir da assimilação, ressignificação e subversão do estatuto racionalista ocidental. / [en] The aim of this research is to analyze the dependence of the metaphysical system of Schopenhauer in relation to the philosophies of Kant and Plato. For such, we argue in favor of a closer proximity of Schopenhauer to Western rationalist sources, even if the central element of his philosophy is an irrational thing-in-itself. This work follows the epistemological, cosmological, aesthetic and ethical aspects of his thought in relation to his two greatest influences, Kant and Plato, as much as to the context of German Idealism. Therefore, the text investigates how a metaphysics of the irrational springs from the assimilation, resignification and subversion of the Western rationalist statute.
73

Thomas Hardy and Arthur Schopenhauer : A Comparative Study

Keys, Jerry 06 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this thesis is to show the influence of Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy upon two of Thomas Hardy's novels and selected poems from six volumes of his poetry.
74

The artist as sacrificial in Schopenhauer's philosophy

Leiby, Rebeccah 11 August 2016 (has links)
This thesis examines a potential tension between Schopenhauer’s portrayal of art as a palliative measure undertaken in response to a fundamentally and necessarily painful existence, and the implicit image he sketches of the artist as suffering in order to precipitate this palliative measure. I begin by outlining Schopenhauer’s larger philosophical project in order to contextualize subsequent discussions of his aesthetics. Having laid this expository groundwork, I proceed to explore the concept of sacrifice as Schopenhauer was likely to have understood and utilized it, drawing on both textual evidence (primarily from The World as Will and Representation) and contextual evidence (given the religious, cultural, and intellectual climate at the time of its writing). This strategy of twofold exploration — that is, both textual and contextual — is deployed again in the third portion of this thesis, clarifying the role of “the artist” qua artist for Romantic Era Germans more broadly and for Schopenhauer more narrowly. In the final section, I utilize these earlier explorations to show that the artist is indeed a sacrificial figure in Schopenhauer’s work. Regardless of the fact that Schopenhauer does not confirm the artist-as-sacrificial paradigm explicitly, the claim can be made that he does — and indeed, must — tacitly accept it.
75

El mundo como voluntad y representación : Borges y Schopenhauer /

Sierra, Ana. January 1998 (has links)
Diss.--Literatura hispanoamericana--New York University, [ca. 1995]. / Ouvrage disponible également sous une forme reliée, ISBN 1-882528-18-2, Scripta Humanistica, 1997. Bibliogr. p. 147-155.
76

Schopenhauer, religion and morality : the humble path to ethics /

Mannion, Gerard, January 1900 (has links)
Texte remanié de: Doct. th.--Oxford, 1999. / Bibliogr. p. 291-302. Index.
77

Wilhelm Busch der lachende Philosoph des Pessimismus /

Deknatel, Roelof. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (proefschrift)--Groningen. / "Stellingen" (1 leaf) inserted. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
78

Schopenhauers Einfluss auf die Strafrechtswissenschaft /

Gottlieb, Heschel. January 1917 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Bern.
79

Das Weltüberwindungswerk : Wagners Parsifal, ein szenisch-musikalisches Gleichnis der Philosophie Arthur Schopenhauers /

Kienzle, Ulrike. January 1992 (has links)
Diss.--Frankfurt am Main, 1991. / Bibliogr. p. 231-236.
80

Schopenhauers seelenwanderungslehre und ihre quellen ...

Flink, Carl Otto. January 1906 (has links)
Diss. / Literaturverzeichnis, p. [105]-106.

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