Bei der vorliegenden Dissertation handelt es sich um eine Ergobiographie, die sowohl den Menschen Friedrich Schröder, als auch sein wissenschaftliches Wirken beleuchtet. Friedrich Schröder wurde am 14. April 1912 in Frielendorf bei Kassel geboren. Nach seinem Zahnmedizin- und Medizinstudium in Marburg und München, war er sowohl in Hamburg, unter Prof. Schuchardt`s Leitung, als auch in Düsseldorf und Bonn als Oberarzt in der Abteilung für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie in den jeweiligen Universitätskliniken tätig. Nach seiner Habilitation im Jahre 1960 war er vom 1. Dezember 1963 bis zum 30. April 1981 Leiter der Kieferchirurgischen Abteilung der Universitätsklinik für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferkrankheiten in Würzburg. Neben zahlreichen Ehrenmitgliedschaften in in- und ausländischen Fachgesellschaften wurde ihm am 22. September 1981 das Bundesverdienstkreuz verliehen. Über 100 Veröffentlichungen im in- und ausländischen Schriftum entspringen seiner Feder. Seine besondere Hingabe galt jedoch den Spaltpatienten. Die Würzburger Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie wurde somit zum Zentrum der Spaltchirurgie in Bayern. Am 28. Juli 1996 verstarb Prof. Dr. Dr. Friedrich Schröder in Würzburg. / The dissertation presented deals with the ergobiography of Friedrich Schroeder, which describes the human being as well as his scientific works. Friedrich Schröder was born on April 14 th, 1912 in Frielendorf near Kassel. After studying dentestry and medicine in Marburg and Munich he worked in the university clinics in Duesseldorf and Bonn as a senior physician in the department of oral surgery (mouth-, face-, jaw). He was employed under the leadership of professor Schuchardt in Hamburg as well. After his qualification as a professor in 1960 he was head of the oral surgery department of the university clinic for teeth- mouth- and jaw – deseases in Wuerzburg from 1st December till 30 th April. Except various honorary memberships in local and foreign spezial societies he was awarded the order of the Federal Republic of Germany. About 100 publications in Germany and abroad were his merits. He especially focused his work on patients suffering from harelips and similar symptoms. This way the Wuerzburg Clinic for oral surgery has become a centre of split surgery has become a centre of split surgery in Bavaria. Prof. Dr. Dr. Friedrich Schroeder died in Wuerzburg on 28th Juliy 1996.

Ein Volltext für den Gesamtband liegt nicht vor. Nur die mit diesem Datensatz verknüpften Beiträge wurden auf Qucosa als Open Access-Veröffentlichung publiziert.

Représentation et raisonnement qualitatifs fonctionnent avec des relations non-numériques entre les objets d'un univers. Les formalismes généraux développés dans ce domaine sont basés sur différents types d'algèbres de relations, comme les algèbres de Tarski. Tous ces formalismes, qui sont appelés des calculs qualitatifs, partagent l'hypothèse implicite que l'univers est homogène, c'est-à-dire qu'il se compose d'objets de même nature. Toutefois, les objets de différents types peuvent aussi entretenir des relations. L'état de l'art du raisonnement qualitatif ne permet pas de combiner les calculs qualitatifs pour les différents types d'objets en un seul calcul.De nombreuses applications discriminent entre différents types d'objets. Par exemple, certains modèles spatiaux discriminent entre les régions, les lignes et les points, et différentes relations sont utilisées pour chaque type d'objets. Dans l'alignement d'ontologies, les calculs qualitatifs sont utiles pour exprimer des alignements entre un seul type d'entités, telles que des concepts ou des individus. Cependant, les relations entre les individus et les concepts, qui imposent des contraintes supplémentaires, ne sont pas exploitées.Cette thèse introduit la modularité dans les calculs qualitatifs et fournit une méthodologie pour la modélisation de calculs qualitatifs des univers hétérogènes. Notre contribution principale est un cadre basé sur une classe spéciale de schémas de partition que nous appelons modulaires. Pour un calcul qualitatif engendré par un schéma de partition modulaire, nous définissons une structure qui associe chaque symbole de relation avec un domaine et codomain abstrait à partir d'un treillis booléen de sortes. Un module d'un tel calcul qualitatif est un sous-calcul limité à une sorte donnée, qui est obtenu par une opération appelée relativisation à une sorte. D'un intérêt pratique plus grand est l'opération inverse, qui permet de combiner plusieurs calculs qualitatifs en un seul calcul. Nous définissons une opération appelée combinaison modulo liaison, qui combine deux ou plusieurs calculs qualitatifs sur différents univers, en fonction de quelques relations de liaison entre ces univers. Le cadre est suffisamment général pour soutenir la plupart des calculs spatio-temporels qualitatifs connus. / Qualitative representation and reasoning operate with non-numerical relations holding between objects of some universe. The general formalisms developed in this field are based on various kinds of algebras of relations, such as Tarskian relation algebras. All these formalisms, which are called qualitative calculi, share an implicit assumption that the universe is homogeneous, i.e., consists of objects of the same kind. However, objects of different kinds may also entertain relations. The state of the art of qualitative reasoning does not offer a combination operation of qualitative calculi for different kinds of objects into a single calculus.Many applications discriminate between different kinds of objects. For example, some spatial models discriminate between regions, lines and points, and different relations are used for each kind of objects. In ontology matching, qualitative calculi were shown useful for expressing alignments between only one kind of entities, such as concepts or individuals. However, relations between individuals and concepts, which impose additional constraints, are not exploited.This dissertation introduces modularity in qualitative calculi and provides a methodology for modeling qualitative calculi with heterogeneous universes. Our central contribution is a framework based on a special class of partition schemes which we call modular. For a qualitative calculus generated by a modular partition scheme, we define a structure that associates each relation symbol with an abstract domain and codomain from a Boolean lattice of sorts. A module of such a qualitative calculus is a sub-calculus restricted to a given sort, which is obtained through an operation called relativization to a sort. Of a greater practical interest is the opposite operation, which allows for combining several qualitative calculi into a single calculus. We define an operation called combination modulo glue, which combines two or more qualitative calculi over different universes, provided some glue relations between these universes. The framework is general enough to support most known qualitative spatio-temporal calculi.

Foreign policy of Germany has gained due to its special development in the post-war period some unique traits -- strong multilateral and westward orientation and civilian character. German unification became a turning point in this respect. The country was confronted with the necessity to find its new place within the changing international system. This paper focuses on the subsequent changes of foreign policy. Its purpose is to evaluate the change or continuity of these unique traits on one side and to describe Germany's new role in the international relations on the other. The initial step is to picture the function of bodies involved in shaping the foreign policy - government, parliament, individual federal countries and president. Further on the paper outlines the main events of German unification, restoring its full international subjectivity. The core descriptive part is divided in three main segments in terms of the personality leading the government, the chancellor. It first gives an account of foreign policy of the "Kohl era", continues with Schröder government and closes with foreign policy of Angela Merkel. With the view of the complexity of such a task the paper focuses on selected policy areas only -- European integration, transatlantic cooperation and partnership with Russia being among them.

English The figure of Christian Schröder has been the pretext to address the attention to several problematic in the History of Modern Art in Bohemia. The issues are modelled on the evolution of the painter's career. Speaking about his beginnings at the service of Count Slavata, the function of Schröder as court painter has been discussed. The discover of archival documents concerning his study trip to Italy opens to the discussion on the artistic training in Italy as a phenomenon common to many painters from Bohemia. After his return in Prague, Schröder faced the choice to submit to the guild of painters or to get the post of Imperial painter which he finally obtained. Shortly after, he passed to the function of keeper of the Prague Castle picture gallery affirming himself as teacher of a group of students, among them Petr Brandl. Schröder's role as teacher is rethought on the light of the artistic situation of the last decade of the 17th century in Prague. The commission entrusted to Schröder by Gundakar Dietrichstein to paint forty-three copies after original paintings once located in the collections of the Prague Castle for the Libochovice estate has proved to be an help to affirm the passage of important original paintings through the picture gallery of Prague Castle and in few cases to...

No description available.

<p>This thesis is about a generalization of permutation theory. The concept of pattern avoidance in permutation matrices is investigated in a larger class of matrices - the alternating sign matrices. The main result is that the set of alternating sign matrices avoiding the pattern 132, is counted by the large Schröder numbers. An algebraic and a bijective proof is presented. Another class is shown to be counted by every second Fibonacci number. Further research in this new area of combinatorics is discussed.</p>

This thesis is about a generalization of permutation theory. The concept of pattern avoidance in permutation matrices is investigated in a larger class of matrices - the alternating sign matrices. The main result is that the set of alternating sign matrices avoiding the pattern 132, is counted by the large Schröder numbers. An algebraic and a bijective proof is presented. Another class is shown to be counted by every second Fibonacci number. Further research in this new area of combinatorics is discussed.

1990年代中期起，德國與中國均擺脫冷戰之羈絆而大步躍上國際舞台。德國統一後，國家實力大幅提升，並亟欲謀求與其身分相襯之國際地位。今年是柏林圍牆倒塌廿週年，據媒體報導，資料顯示，當時英國首相及法國總統還相當擔心德國統一後，強盛的德國會不會對世界帶來另一場世界的災難。而德國現任的總理梅克爾(Angela Merkel)自執政後，數年來已多次被知名媒體評選為全球最有影響力、權力的女性排行榜的首位，可見在她的領導下，德國的國力正逐漸恢復昔日的榮光。 今年亦正是大陸「六四天安門事件」發生後的廿年，中國從被國際孤立，再到當時的最高領導者以無比的魄力和眼光，推動並加速經濟改革開放進程，讓中國能夠在今天變成G2之一，迫使冷戰後世界僅存的超級強權美國，在許多國際事務上不得不尋求中國的支持與合作，足見中國的全球政經影響力已不可被漠視與忽視。 因此，西方世界的強國德國，面對正在崛起的強權中國，如何制定並推動其對中國的外交政策，以更進一步獲取德國的國家利益，在世界舞台上穩穩的佔有一席之地並有發言權及影響力，是德國的執政者念茲在茲、不可避免亦無法迴避的課題。 柯爾(Helmut Kohl)政府時代，基於清楚認知亞洲，特別是中國在未來世界發展中的重要性，德國在歐盟國家中首先醞釀和率先制訂新的亞洲政策，以實現德國在這一地區追求現實利益和戰略目標。施洛德(Gerhard Schröder)自1998年打敗柯爾接續執政後，任內6度訪問中國，對推動德中關係不遺餘力，將德國對中國的外交關係推上史無前例的新台階，被中國媒體稱為中國人民的老朋友、最受中國人歡迎的德國友人。德國的對中國外交政策已經出現新的微妙變化：致力於在中國推廣政治民主化、建設中國成為法治國家、經濟繁榮進步以使德國能從中國獲得經濟利益，成為當時德國政府的目標。 梅克爾(Angela Merkel)2005年接替施洛德政府執政以來，其對中國外交政策較前任施洛德政府時期再做出重大調整。從德國對中國貿易逆差、軍售問題到智慧財產權再到人權對話等領域，中國不斷感受到來自德國的壓力。尤以梅氏執政初期，德中兩國外交關係就因梅克爾在總理府接見達賴而引發喧然大波，後風波暫告平息，兩國關係才稍有回暖跡象。但要回到施洛德時代德、中兩國水乳般交融已不可能。但面對中國強大的經濟發展能力及廣大的市場，梅克爾政府對中國的外交政策，在不影響德國「貿易立國」宗旨的原則，另在世界「一超多強」格局的現有世界體系結構下，德國與中國之間保持這樣一種「經濟掛帥，政治跟進」的關係格局仍將是一個長期的現象。 發展德中良好關係符合德國的經濟利益。德國是中國在歐洲最大的貿易夥伴、是對中國技術轉讓最多的歐洲國家、是向中國提供政府貸款和無償贈款最多的歐洲國家，基於經濟利益，德國不會亦不願看見德國與中國雙邊關係出現僵局。 / From mid of 1990s, Germany and China both try to break apart from the restrain of the cold war. After the unity of German, its national power rises tremendously and hesitates to reach a matching international reputation. This year is the twenty anniversaries after the collapse of Berlin Wall. From the media report and statistic, the British prime minister and French president were worried if the unitized German would bring another worldwide disaster. Since the current prime minster of Germany, Angela Merkel, sworn in office, she has been rated as the most influential and powerful woman in the world. It could be said that under her leadership, Germany is recovering its past glory. This year is also the twenty year anniversary of the“Tiananmen Square protests of 1989”in mainland China, after that event, China was isolated from the international community; then, the highest leader of China pushed the reform of free market economy with unmatched vision and determination, and gave China the chance to become one of the G2 of Today. This force the only surviving super-power of the cold war, the United States, without any choice but to seek support and cooperation from China on many international issues, and it can be said that China’s influence in the international politics and economic cannot be denied or overlooked. As a result, the powerful Germany of the western world, facing the rising influential China, is challenged with the unavoidable task to plan and execute their diplomatic policies to mainland china in order to benefit the German, and secure their voice and influence in international affair- a privilege that German is not willing to yield ground. During the rule of Helmut Kohl government, German knew that the development of Asia, especially, China, would play a very important role in the future. Germany was the first country of the European union to make new Asia policy in order to realize the interest and strategic goal of Germany in this region. Since Gerhard Schröder defeated Helmut Kohl to gain office, he visited China six times in his term, and gave no reserve in developing Germany China relation, and pushed the diplomatic relation between China and Germany to a unprecedented level, and he was called by the Chinese media as an old friend to the Chinese people, and as “the most popular German friend of the Chinese people”. There are new subtle changes in Germany’s China policy: focusing on developing democracy in China, building China as a country with laws, facilitate economic growth of China for German to gain economic benefits. All of that was the goal for the German government. After Angela Merkel took charge from 2005, she made great adjustment toward German’s policies to China. Comparing to previous prime minister, she pressed hard on the trade deficit of German China trade, weapon trade, intellectual property rights and human rights. China never stop feeling the pressure from German. Especially in the earlier days, when Merkel’s term begun, the diplomatic relation between German and China turned sour when Merkel met Dalai Lama. Even though the argument got temporary ease, and the relation between two countries turns better, it is almost impossible to return the point when Schröder taking charge when the relation of two counties used to reach the peak. However, in front of Chinese strong economy development and its wild market, Merkel adapts the principle which not influences Germany trade as well as interacts with other countries. These days ‘economy weighs more than politics will still continue for long term. Developing a good relationship with China is beneficial for German. German is the largest partner of European countries for mainland China. Actually, it is the country that China transfers technical skills most. Also, it is the country that Chinese government provides loan and un-paid donation most. For the above reason, Germany government will not expect the relationship with China to turn bad based on economy enefit.

No description available.