Thesis (Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS))--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 207-218). / In recent years, coaching has become a major form of personal and professional development service offered to executives to help develop leadership skills, enhance performance, and remediate patterns of problematic workplace behavior. This dissertation examines the emergence and development of executive coaching in the United States as a new form of professional expertise. Drawing on eighteen months of ethnographic research, the majority of which took place in New York City, this study analyzes the ways in which executive coaching brings together theories of individual psychology and of organizational efficiency in order to increase functionality and productivity at work. Executive coaching is: a) a new form of professional expertise, b) a management tool to increase productivity and efficiency at work, c) a window to changing notions of the self and personhood in America and, finally d) an access point to the corporate world. This study explores these four dimensions of executive coaching. I argue that the emergence of coaching is a product of and a response to a fast changing business environment where continuous improvement is required to adapt to the volatility of changes. Change in the larger context (corporate settings and business environments) is not to be resisted or criticized but to be enabled through the change of the self. This dissertation illustrates and explains the grounds of a shift away from systemic approaches and systemic criticism towards individualistic approaches. Coaching emerges in and becomes an illustration of a neo-liberal economy that emphasizes constant retraining of a self that is versatile, pragmatic and fragmented. / by Esra Ozkan. / Ph.D.in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS

This dissertation is a study of groundwork in Engaged Science, Technology, and Society (STS) research. Engaged STS scholars reframe STS knowledge and move it beyond the traditional scope and boundaries of the field. They use various methods such as critical participation, making and doing, situated interventions, and experimentation to critically engage with their fields of study. These scholars have evaluated their work within the context of the disciplinary outsider, described their use of high-level pragmatic frameworks, and used the arts to bring critical social issues to the public eye. Yet, when I decided to use STS engagement methods to bring visibility to the lesser-known communities in the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at Virginia Tech, I found a lack of work documenting the groundwork and experience of engagement. I could not locate groundwork regarding negotiation, designing the most appropriate intervention, collaboration strategies, or confronting my fears and doubts about being in the field. Therefore, in this dissertation, I identify and examine my engagement experience in three interventions within the ECE department to bring visibility to the groundwork of STS engagement. The limited-series podcast Engineering Visibility was a platform to bring visibility to the less dominant communities in the ECE department. Highlighting the experiences of women in engineering, the first-generation student, inclusion and diversity, and the non-traditional student fostered a shared identity and sense of belonging within the ECE department. On the ground, this project examined the need to protect participants' visibility through invisibility. Interventionist Protectivity conceptualizes how I combined trust, accountability, and social awareness to protect my participants' from social scrutiny. The second project was a seminar titled "Expand Your ECE Career." The seminar exposed students to a "broader range of careers" by challenging the traditional ideas of success. The seminar featured four ECE alumni with successful careers in law, finance, and fashion entrepreneurship. Additionally, this intervention pointed out the inadequacies of traditional forms of project assessment. I describe how I measured intervention success through other assessment methods such as "assessment per mobility." The last project was a data-driven white paper that translated the care work of the undergraduate academic career advisors and framed it to be understood by the ECE faculty. The care work done by the academic advisors was underappreciated in its connection to undergraduate student success. On the ground, I discussed the importance of identifying the advisors and the faculty's social construction to create an intervention that translated the advisors' work to be valued by the faculty. Lastly, I conclude with a discussion summarizing the overall lessons learned from the three interventions and discussing my experience of engagement. My engaged STS experience is discussed through my framing of the concept of self-confrontation and the work of avoiding the term of STS being deemed as useful. / Doctor of Philosophy / This dissertation is a study of groundwork in engaged Science, Technology, and Society (STS) research. Recent advances such as critical participation, making and doing, and situated intervention are reframing boundaries between knowledge and action in STS, offering scholars new approaches for improving scientific and technological communities. When I attempted to utilize these theories and methods in a culture change project, however, I found a lack of scholarship documenting the experience of engagement. How does one design the most appropriate intervention? What strategies are required to collaborate and negotiate? How do engaged scholars confront their fears and doubts in their communities and concerning the knowledge they bring back to STS? These groundwork questions confront both novice and seasoned STS scholars and are crucial to successful engaged scholarship, but they rarely are documented and analyzed. Utilizing a matters-of-care framework and self-reflective methods, I describe how and why I sought to change the culture of a large engineering department by making visible unseen and sometimes under-appreciated stakeholders. To do so, I created three interventions: a limited-series podcast to showcase the diversity of experiences in the department, an alternative-career seminar to redefine what counted as success in engineering, and a data-driven white paper to showcase the indispensable care work of academic advisors. I analyzed these projects' construction, application, and outcomes to highlight the complexities and significance of groundwork for STS engagement.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (295-338). / In this dissertation, I trace methods for organizing skilled workers engaged in creative, limited-term projects in the United States between the nineteenth century and the 1950s. Examining eras of system building in technical fields-civil engineering in the nineteenth century, laboratory administration in the 1910s and 1920s, aircraft design in the 1930s, and electronics in the 1950s-I show that recent discourse on the management of innovation and change is a manifestation of a cyclically recurring conversation. This story complicates prevalent views of management theory and practice before World War II by recovering a thread obscured by emphasis on the organization of integrated, divisional companies and operative labor within them. Applying ideas from recent work in organization studies to distill common aspects of the management problems and labor processes individuals have confronted and theorized, I find common patterns: managers of construction firms, engineering departments, and research laboratories have again and again theorized the fast-moving, knowledge-intensive, relational organization, doing so long before these terms were available. Such thinking has been driven both by practical needs and because external pressures have forced explanation of seemingly uncontrolled, irrational work. Practically, the transferability of management techniques among settings such as construction and research has reflected kinships between labor and communication processes: each has involved skilled workers producing complex artifacts in uncertain physical, technical, and social environments. / (cont.) The need to explain such work, though, has been as much about external representation as internal control. From origins in government oversight of appropriations and military use of esprit de corps to cohere organizations under stress, tools used to manage project-based enterprises have been applied in response to the speed, scale, and complexity of the work itself. At the same time, engineers have explained the management of their work to deflect pressures to apply the logics of factory production and Taylorist scientific management to the organization of skilled labor. As explanations of the differences between building and operating and as delineations of points and terms of physical and cultural contact, representations of engineering work in schedules, budgets, organization charts, and narratives have both controlled and insulated work. / by Benjamin W. Pinney. / Ph.D.

We think of the lobotomy as utterly primitive and brutal; we shudder at the idea of it. The archetypal image of creepiness, violence, and unnecessary brutality was expressed in the book and movie One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. This procedure weighs heavy on America’s conscience but in 1945 the procedure was characterized as being as gentle as ‘cutting through butter’ and the therapeutic effect was described as ‘cutting out worry’. How did the lobotomy gain such widespread acceptance? One part of the answer is that Walter Freeman advocated for it not just among his colleagues, but through the popular media outlets of his day as well. In this thesis I will claim that, starting in 1936, Walter Freeman influenced the positive portrayal of lobotomies in the American press. He participated in visual culture that promoted a convergence between medical culture and the popular press by cultivating a representation of the procedure that could appeal to both. His tools included narrative accounts, images, and a public dramatization of himself that was hard to resist. I will show how these efforts were quite successful in the beginning, but that by 1947 he started to lose control of the perceptions and narrative he had worked so hard to construct.

Essa pesquisa estuda o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias de participação sociocultural da população atendida em Terapia Ocupacional. O foco da pesquisa esteve no processo de acompanhar os sujeitos e grupos vinculados ao Programa Permanente Composições Artísticas e Terapia Ocupacional (PACTO), projeto didático-assistencial do Laboratório de Estudos e Pesquisa Arte e Corpo em Terapia Ocupacional ligado ao Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Num território híbrido de encontro entre a Terapia Ocupacional e os campos da Cultura, da Arte e da Cidadania, as questões de pesquisa foram, principalmente: como auxiliar e agenciar o trânsito e a circulação das pessoas e de suas produções realizadas em terapia ocupacional, com os espaços de produção artística e com os espaços de cultura, no contexto sociocultural da cidade de São Paulo na atualidade? Que tecnologias socioculturais favorecem essa participação? Amparados pela perspectiva do pensamento complexo e pelo viés cultural, buscou-se trabalhar num eixo transversal de análise, que parte das experiências artísticoculturais contemporâneas, vinculadas às produções éticas, estéticas e políticas na organização da vida. A pesquisaintervenção resultou na configuração de um estudo de caso, com uso dos procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa-ação, e coleta de dados no período entre 2007 e 2008. Constatouse, a partir da análise qualitativa dos dados, a relevância de temas, tratados nas seguintes categorias: o tempo e a imaterialidade do trabalho; as relações de afeto, amizade e vínculo que estruturam redes de trocas e de criação; a diferenciação entre a produção de sujeitos e valores e a geração de renda; além da constatação da importância do terapeuta ocupacional como articuladores das redes sociais, para a efetivação do trabalho de criação e circulação das produções artísticas dos sujeitos e grupo estudados, operando na sustentação da artesania dos encontros. Como desdobramentos da pesquisa realizada, vislumbrou-se o surgimento de novas territorialidades no universo cultural da cidade, com ações voltadas para a invenção de mundos, onde as relações se pautam na cooperação, na convivência, no exercício da diferença e nos afetos. Instaurou-se a abertura de fendas no espaço-tempo contemporâneo, engendrando novas configurações da vida coletiva, que sustentem a existência de forma criativa e pulsante, e que possam ser multiplicadas. / This research studies the development of new technologies of socio-cultural participation of the population assisted in Occupational Therapy. The focus of the research was on the process of following up the subjects and groups bound to the Permanent Artistic Compositions and Occupational Therapy Program (PACTO), a didactic-assistance project of the Art ad Body Laboratory of Studies and Research in Occupational Therapy linked to the Department of Speech Therapy, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy of the Medical School of the University of São Paulo. Within a hybrid meeting territory between Occupational Therapy and the fields of Culture, Art and Citizenship, the matters researched were mainly: how to help and enable the transit and circulation of people and their productions in occupational therapy in the spaces of artistic production and with the cultural spaces within the current socio-cultural context of the city of São Paulo? Which socio-cultural technologies favor such participation? Supported by the perspective of the complex thinking and under a cultural approach, we tried to work in a cross-sectional axel of analysis which starts in the contemporary artistic-cultural experiences linked to ethical, aesthetical and political production in the organization of life. The research-intervention resulted in the configuration of a case study by using research-action methodological procedures and data collection from 2007 to 2008. We verified, based on the qualitative analysis of the data, the relevance of the themes dealt with under the following categories: the time and immateriality of the work; affective relations, friendship and the bond structuring exchange and creation networks; the difference between the production of subjects and values and income generation; in addition to verifying the importance of occupational therapists as articulators of social networks to enable creative work and circulation of artistic productions of the subjects and group studied, operating to support citizenship in meetings. As the research unfolded, we could see that new territorialities in the cultural universe of the city came up with actions oriented towards inventing worlds where relations were based on cooperation, living together, exercising differences and affections. Cracks in the contemporary space-time were opened engendering a new configuration of collective life which sustains the existence in a creative and pulsing way and which can be multiplied.

Global climate change is becoming increasingly evident. There has been increased attention paid to the impact of human activity on climate. As a rising power, China’s energy needs to fuel its rapid economic growth with the resulting potential impacts of climate change presents an enormous climate policy dilemma not only for China but also for the entire world. The role of China is an issue of perennial concerns at the international climate change negotiation: its energy saving, emission reduction and clean production reflect China’s dual objectives about sustainable development and efforts on international legal obligations.Education abroad is an integral part of China’s development strategy. The abroad Chinese students who possess the knowledge, technologies skills and ideas, as well as information are playing an important role to assist China retain or increase its competitive advantage. The aim of this paper is to analyze the abroad Chinese students’ opinion on China’s role under the circumstance of global climate change, with main focus on three aspects: Energy consumption and environment situation in China; Several current domestic policies regarding problems of climate change and energy consumption in China; Issues facing the country on its road map to future mitigation action regarding climate change.Alongside the interviews carried out within ten overseas Chinese students, using the social science of Science, Technology and Society (STS) especially its public understanding of Science and Technology as the theoretical perspective, this thesis is exploring the interviewees’ attitudes toward current China’s climate change related issues from a deeper sense of human, culture and public perspective.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4935.pdf: 2174593 bytes, checksum: a1f73647659d99bd54c883f5a9bd3d85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / The objective of this study is to analyze the scientific dissemination in the magazine Galileu. Through a presentation of the configuration of the journalistic practice and theoretical frameworks Discourse Analysis affiliated with the French line, I intend to discuss how the relationship is established and textual imagery on the cover of the publication in order to present what is the effect desired by the player : to present the scientific production or sell the number. To complement the research, I intend to present, based on a section of the same magazine, composed of articles written, who the characters are presented and what is, in fact, the relevance of these within the scope of science. / O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como é feita a divulgação da ciência nas capas da revista Galileu. Através de uma apresentação de como se configura a prática jornalística e de arcabouços teóricos filiados à Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, pretendo discutir como se estabelece a relação imagética e textual na capa da publicação de modo a apresentar qual é o efeito pretendido junto ao leitor: apresentar a produção científica ou vender o número. Para complementar a pesquisa, pretendo apresentar, com base em uma seção da mesma revista, composta por artigos assinados, quem são os personagens apresentados e qual é, de fato, a pertinência dos mesmos dentro do âmbito da ciência.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-11T10:12:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCS.pdf: 2511110 bytes, checksum: 11366621b03df8a5dc8a599f042407e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-13T19:36:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCS.pdf: 2511110 bytes, checksum: 11366621b03df8a5dc8a599f042407e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2017-01-13T19:36:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCS.pdf: 2511110 bytes, checksum: 11366621b03df8a5dc8a599f042407e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-13T19:37:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCS.pdf: 2511110 bytes, checksum: 11366621b03df8a5dc8a599f042407e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Não recebi financiamento / The aging and the consequent Brazilian demographic change point us to a profound socio-economic transformation of the country. It is estimated that the elderly population will triple in the coming decades, from 20 million in 2010 to 65 million in 2050. Many actors are responsible for implementing the National Health Policy for the Elderly, among them are the local health managers and articulators health of the elderly. The aim of this study is to analyze the social representations of the National Health Policy for the Elderly in a regional health department, the light field of science, technology and society. This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive. The methodological approach was to document analysis and field exploration, through semi-structured interviews. The results point to incipient front practices to a well-structured policy, the social representations of groups influence their deployment. Low public participation, especially the elderly and the distancing of the research to the practice of these municipalities are short of expectations of policy. The field of science, technology and society contributes to reflections on the appropriation of science and technology, it was observed that in his views prevail the harsh health technologies. The intention of this thesis was to analyze the policy and practices in the current scenario, with no claim assessment, was intended to bring reflections on this policy by the look of social representations and studies of science, technology and society We can conclude that the regions implement the National Policy differently, with demands and perceptions appropriate to their reality, even if they receive national and international guidelines. / O envelhecimento e a consequente mudança demográfica brasileira nos apontam para uma profunda transformação socioeconômica do país. A estimativa é que a população idosa triplique nas próximas décadas, passando de 20 milhões em 2010 para 65 milhões em 2050. Muitos atores são responsáveis pela implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa, entre eles estão os gestores municipais de saúde e os articuladores de saúde do idoso. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as representações sociais da Política Nacional da Saúde da Pessoa Idosa em um Departamento Regional de Saúde, à luz do campo da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva. O percurso metodológico foi o de análise documental e exploração de campo, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados apontam para práticas incipientes frente a uma política bem estruturada, as representações sociais dos grupos influenciam na sua implantação. A baixa participação pública, em especial do idoso e o distanciamento da pesquisa com a prática destes municípios estão aquém das expectativas da política. O campo da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade contribui com reflexões sobre a apropriação da ciência e tecnologia, observou-se que em suas concepções prevalecem às tecnologias de saúde duras. A intencionalidade desta tese foi trazer reflexões sobre esta política pelo olhar das representações sociais e estudos da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade. Pode-se concluir que as regiões implementam de forma diferente a Política Nacional, com demandas e percepções adequadas a sua realidade, mesmo que estes recebam diretrizes nacionais e internacionais.

Essa pesquisa estuda o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias de participação sociocultural da população atendida em Terapia Ocupacional. O foco da pesquisa esteve no processo de acompanhar os sujeitos e grupos vinculados ao Programa Permanente Composições Artísticas e Terapia Ocupacional (PACTO), projeto didático-assistencial do Laboratório de Estudos e Pesquisa Arte e Corpo em Terapia Ocupacional ligado ao Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Num território híbrido de encontro entre a Terapia Ocupacional e os campos da Cultura, da Arte e da Cidadania, as questões de pesquisa foram, principalmente: como auxiliar e agenciar o trânsito e a circulação das pessoas e de suas produções realizadas em terapia ocupacional, com os espaços de produção artística e com os espaços de cultura, no contexto sociocultural da cidade de São Paulo na atualidade? Que tecnologias socioculturais favorecem essa participação? Amparados pela perspectiva do pensamento complexo e pelo viés cultural, buscou-se trabalhar num eixo transversal de análise, que parte das experiências artísticoculturais contemporâneas, vinculadas às produções éticas, estéticas e políticas na organização da vida. A pesquisaintervenção resultou na configuração de um estudo de caso, com uso dos procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa-ação, e coleta de dados no período entre 2007 e 2008. Constatouse, a partir da análise qualitativa dos dados, a relevância de temas, tratados nas seguintes categorias: o tempo e a imaterialidade do trabalho; as relações de afeto, amizade e vínculo que estruturam redes de trocas e de criação; a diferenciação entre a produção de sujeitos e valores e a geração de renda; além da constatação da importância do terapeuta ocupacional como articuladores das redes sociais, para a efetivação do trabalho de criação e circulação das produções artísticas dos sujeitos e grupo estudados, operando na sustentação da artesania dos encontros. Como desdobramentos da pesquisa realizada, vislumbrou-se o surgimento de novas territorialidades no universo cultural da cidade, com ações voltadas para a invenção de mundos, onde as relações se pautam na cooperação, na convivência, no exercício da diferença e nos afetos. Instaurou-se a abertura de fendas no espaço-tempo contemporâneo, engendrando novas configurações da vida coletiva, que sustentem a existência de forma criativa e pulsante, e que possam ser multiplicadas. / This research studies the development of new technologies of socio-cultural participation of the population assisted in Occupational Therapy. The focus of the research was on the process of following up the subjects and groups bound to the Permanent Artistic Compositions and Occupational Therapy Program (PACTO), a didactic-assistance project of the Art ad Body Laboratory of Studies and Research in Occupational Therapy linked to the Department of Speech Therapy, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy of the Medical School of the University of São Paulo. Within a hybrid meeting territory between Occupational Therapy and the fields of Culture, Art and Citizenship, the matters researched were mainly: how to help and enable the transit and circulation of people and their productions in occupational therapy in the spaces of artistic production and with the cultural spaces within the current socio-cultural context of the city of São Paulo? Which socio-cultural technologies favor such participation? Supported by the perspective of the complex thinking and under a cultural approach, we tried to work in a cross-sectional axel of analysis which starts in the contemporary artistic-cultural experiences linked to ethical, aesthetical and political production in the organization of life. The research-intervention resulted in the configuration of a case study by using research-action methodological procedures and data collection from 2007 to 2008. We verified, based on the qualitative analysis of the data, the relevance of the themes dealt with under the following categories: the time and immateriality of the work; affective relations, friendship and the bond structuring exchange and creation networks; the difference between the production of subjects and values and income generation; in addition to verifying the importance of occupational therapists as articulators of social networks to enable creative work and circulation of artistic productions of the subjects and group studied, operating to support citizenship in meetings. As the research unfolded, we could see that new territorialities in the cultural universe of the city came up with actions oriented towards inventing worlds where relations were based on cooperation, living together, exercising differences and affections. Cracks in the contemporary space-time were opened engendering a new configuration of collective life which sustains the existence in a creative and pulsing way and which can be multiplied.

The following thesis will merge the field of legal studies with the field of Science, Technology, and Society, and will focus on issues surrounding the gun control debate. The goal is to ultimately bring new light to this hot- button legal topic through the use of STS scholarship. STS tools and theories, which have previously been absent from most gun control discussions, have much to contribute to the discourse in terms of motivating the need for gun control, fully understanding the user-gun relationship, breaking down misconceptions about the technology and its role in society, and further understanding the complex societal network within which guns exist in America. This will begin first with a discussion of the legal history and background of firearms in the United States, and will be followed by an STS analysis of technological agency and somnambulism as they can be applied to guns. Following this, the Actor Network in which firearms in America are imbedded will be explored, in order to better understand why they have been so difficult to regulate. Although this thesis will be heavily policy and law-focused, the aim is not to propose any specific new policy, but instead to use STS to conceptualize gun issues from a new perspective that will allow misconceptions and blockades to be confronted head-on.