Os resíduos sólidos orgânicos gerados pelas indústrias de pescado no Brasil, tradicionalmente são descartados ou encaminhados às fábricas de farinha de peixe. Alguns dados acerca desta atividade foram investigados neste trabalho por meio de um estudo exploratório de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo, descritivo quanto aos fins e bibliográfico e de campo quanto aos meios. A ferramenta utilizada foi um questionário estruturado que após submissão a um grupo focal formado por especialistas no tema, foi aplicado às empresas de pesca habilitadas pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal SIF, afiliadas ao Sindicato das Indústrias de Pesca do Estado de São Paulo SIPESP. Finalizada a fase de adequação do instrumento de coleta de dados, efetuou-se contato via Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos, com as indústrias de pesca habilitadas pelo SIF, em atividade nos cinco estados de captura mais expressiva da federação, com a finalidade de convidá-las a participar do estudo, através de um sítio na rede mundial de computadores. Após noventa dias, foram finalizadas as coletas via Internet. Novamente, as empresas foram contatadas via telefone e correio eletrônico, para o agendamento de visitas in loco. Uma empresa processadora de resíduos no Estado de Santa Catarina foi objeto de um estudo de caso que investigou o custo de transferência do resíduo entre indústrias geradoras e processadoras. Dentre as 114 empresas habilitadas pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal - SIF foram contatadas 57, das quais 29 colaboraram com o estudo, sendo que 15 declaram-se na categoria de pequena empresa. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva, na qual os mesmos foram apresentados em forma de figuras e tabelas. O beneficiamento, principalmente para obtenção de filés, é a atividade de maior geração de resíduos. A retirada de resíduo das instalações gera custos em 83% das indústrias avaliadas. Despesas com movimentação de resíduos influenciam pouco o equilíbrio econômico em 44% das empresas. O armazenamento em câmara refrigerada (64%) e o transporte para descarte (32%) são considerados os principais componentes do custo de gestão de resíduos. Das indústrias que colaboraram com a pesquisa, 44% destinam seus resíduos para aterros e lixões públicos. O transporte do resíduo da empresa geradora até o local de descarte ou processamento apresenta um custo de R$ 0,52 a t / km, excluídos impostos e seguro. Existe uma quantidade considerável de resíduo sendo gerada pelas indústrias de pesca e apenas uma pequena fração vem sendo aproveitada, fato que demonstra que o descarte ainda é a prática mais comum, e que evidencia a pouca inserção do setor de pesca brasileiro na busca pela sustentabilidade. / The organic solid waste generated by fish industries in Brazil, traditionally are discarded or forwarded for fish meal factories. Some data on this activity were investigated in this work through an exploratory study of quantitative and qualitative characteristics, descriptive as to the purposes and bibliographical and field as to the means. The tool used was a structured questionnaire after submission to a focus group composed of experts on the subject, it was applied in fishing enterprises authorized by the Federal Inspection Service - SIF, affiliated to the Fishing Industries Union of São Paulo State - SIPESP. Completed the phase of adequacy of the data collection tool, a contact via the Brazilian Post and Telegraph with the fishing industries authorized by the SIF active in five states capture more expressive of the federation was made to invite them to participate by providing information through a website on the World Wide Web. After ninety days, the collections via the Internet were completed. Companies were again contacted via telephone and email for the scheduling of in loco visits. A waste processing company in the state of Santa Catarina was the subject of a case study that investigated the cost of transferring the waste from generators to processing industries. Data analysis were performed with the use of descriptive statistics and these were presented in pictures and tables. Among the 114 companies qualified for the Federal Inspection Service - SIF, 57 were contacted, 29 of which collaborated with the study, being 15 declared themselves as small business. The processing, mainly for obtaining filet, is the largest activity of waste generation. The removal of the waste, generated cost on 83% of the industries studied. Costs on waste movement have a little influence on the economic balance to 44% of the companies. The refrigerated storage (64%) and transport to disposal (32%) are considered the main components of the cost of waste management. Of the industries that contributed to this survey, 44% send their waste to landfill and public dumps. The transfer of waste from the company generating to the disposal site has a cost of R$ 0.52 t / km, excluding taxes and insurance. There is a considerable amount of waste being generated by the fishing industries, and only a small fraction is being utilized, which demonstrates that the disposal is still the most common practice, and this is an evidence about the few insertion of the fisheries Brazilian sector to reach the sustainability.

Lam, Hon Yiu. / "November 2011." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-135). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (in English) --- p.i / Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.iv / Acknowledgement --- p.vi / Contents --- p.vii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiii / List of Figures --- p.xiv / List of Tables --- p.xvii / Chapter 1 --- Literature review / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Flavor of fish --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) and alcohols --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Sulfur-containing compounds --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Thermally-induced flavor --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Deteriorated fish flavor --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Autoxidation --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Bromophenols --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Bromophenols in aquaculture --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- General properties of bromophenols --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Biosynthetic pathway of bromophenol in marine algae --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Thresholds of bromophenols --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Toxicity of bromophenols --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4 --- Giant Grouper --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Living Habitat of Giant Grouper --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Biological features of Giant Grouper --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Aquaculture of Giant Grouper --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5 --- Flavor analysis and extraction methods --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Solvent extraction --- p.25 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Simultaneous Steam Distillation/Extraction --- p.25 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Headspace sampling --- p.27 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Gas Chromatography/Olfactometry (GCO) --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5.5 --- Food chemistry and Odor Threshold Value --- p.30 / Chapter 2 --- Distribution of bromophenols in selected Hong Kong dried seafood / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- "Preparation of the internal standard, Pentachloroanisole" --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction (SDE) --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Compound identification --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Quantification of compounds --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Recovery --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Odor activity value (OAV) --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Distribution of bromophenols in dried seafoods --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Bromophenol contents in dried seaweeds --- p.51 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Bromophenol contents in dried crustacean --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Bromophenol contents in dried mollusks --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Bromophenol contents in dried-salted fishes --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Relationship between living habitat and bromophenol contents --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Flavor impact of bromophenols in dried seafood --- p.57 / Chapter 2.3.8 --- Comparison of bromophenol content in purchased dried laminaria with Qingdao seaweed powder and bloodworms --- p.64 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusion --- p.67 / Chapter 3 --- Bromophenol content retention and fish quality in giant grouper / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Abbreviation of treatment groups --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Ingredients --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Production of fish feed --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Preparation of the internal standard，Pentachloroanisole --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction (SDE) --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Bromophenol identification and quantification --- p.76 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Recovery of bromophenols --- p.76 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Muscle color determination --- p.76 / Chapter 3.2.11 --- Texture analysis --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.12 --- Moisture determination --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2.13 --- Ash determination --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2.14 --- Fat determination --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2.15 --- Protein determination --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.16 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Muscle color of giant grouper --- p.81 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Texture of giant grouper --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Proximate analysis of giant grouper --- p.86 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Bromophenol depuration of giant grouper --- p.92 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.101 / Chapter 4 --- Volatile compounds in giant grouper / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.102 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.103 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.103 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- "Preparation of the internal standard, 2,4,6Trimethylpyridine (TMP)" --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Dynamic headspace (purge-and-trap) --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction (SDE) --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Compound identification --- p.106 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Quantification of compounds --- p.106 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Recovery --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.9 --- Odor activity value (OAV) --- p.108 / Chapter 4.2.10 --- Statistical analysis --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Comparison of extraction between dynamic headspace and SDE --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Flavor profile of giant grouper --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- carbonyls and alcohol --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Other aroma volatile compounds in giant grouper --- p.116 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Giant grouper tainted by water contamination --- p.116 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.118 / Chapter 5 --- General conclusion --- p.119 / References --- p.122 / Appendix --- p.136

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-15T14:58:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonidas de Oliveira Cardoso Junior.pdf: 510079 bytes, checksum: c7696a7014de5a13878b9bde88c8d29a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T14:58:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonidas de Oliveira Cardoso Junior.pdf: 510079 bytes, checksum: c7696a7014de5a13878b9bde88c8d29a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-14 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The clam Anomalocardia brasiliana has a great importance economic and social at the development of artisanal fisheries in the north coast of Pernambuco - Brazil, but uncontrolled exploitation of this resource in the region could compromise the stocks. This study aimed to analyze the morphometric relationships of growth of the clam collected from Mangue Seco beach, Igarassu municipality, north coast of Pernambuco. To verify if the morphometric relationships of the shell have non linear regressions were made it between length / width, using the methodology of Gauss Newton. As for analysis between length classes over the month the ANOVA were used followed by Duncan's Test (P< 0,05). The month of July/2009 showed higher average length of 22.76 mm. A. brasiliana has allometric growth between the morphometric measurements of shell growth, indicating that the species has a long and steady growth among width over time. / O marisco Anomalocardia brasiliana apresenta grande importância econômica e social na pesca artesanal do litoral norte de Pernambuco – Brasil, mas a exploração desordenada deste recurso na região pode comprometer os estoques naturais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as relações morfométricas de crescimento do marisco coletado na praia de Mangue Seco, município de Igarassu, litoral norte de Pernambuco. Para verificar as relações morfométricas da concha foram realizadas regressões não lineares entre as medidas comprimento/largura, utilizando a metodologia de Gauss Newton. Já para análise entre as classes de comprimento ao longo dos meses foi utilizado a ANOVA seguido pelo Teste de Duncan (P<0,05). O mês de julho/2009 apresentou o maior valor relativo ao comprimento médio com 22,76mm. A. brasiliana possui crescimento alométrico entre as medidas morfométricas da concha, indicando que a espécie não apresenta um crescimento constante entre comprimento e largura ao longo do tempo.

<p>Eco-labelling is a way to promote sustainable development. This is a quantified study about purchase behaviour regarding eco-labelled seafood in Sweden, based on interviews with a convenience sample of consumers in situ. The objectives were to establish how large the knowledge of eco-labelled seafood is, to investigate the reasons for acquiring the product and thus determine the prime driving force to do it. The willingness to pay for eco-labelled seafood was also investigated. The results show a low awareness where just about a quarter of the respondents knew that eco-labelled seafood existed. The willingness to pay was high; four out of five were ready to spend additional money on an eco-labelled product. Women displayed a higher willingness to pay than men, which supports previous research. Regarding the reasons to purchase the only options presented to the respondents were environmental concern, enhanced health or both alternatives in combination. Health as the single factor was the least preferred choice and the two other alternatives were favoured to an equal amount. A difference in purchase behaviour can be detected among respondents with awareness of ecolabelled seafood when compared to those without. Those aware stated a willingness to pay to a higher degree and also displayed more environmental concern and less health interest than those unaware of eco-labelled seafood.</p>

Graduation date: 1993

Eco-labelling is a way to promote sustainable development. This is a quantified study about purchase behaviour regarding eco-labelled seafood in Sweden, based on interviews with a convenience sample of consumers in situ. The objectives were to establish how large the knowledge of eco-labelled seafood is, to investigate the reasons for acquiring the product and thus determine the prime driving force to do it. The willingness to pay for eco-labelled seafood was also investigated. The results show a low awareness where just about a quarter of the respondents knew that eco-labelled seafood existed. The willingness to pay was high; four out of five were ready to spend additional money on an eco-labelled product. Women displayed a higher willingness to pay than men, which supports previous research. Regarding the reasons to purchase the only options presented to the respondents were environmental concern, enhanced health or both alternatives in combination. Health as the single factor was the least preferred choice and the two other alternatives were favoured to an equal amount. A difference in purchase behaviour can be detected among respondents with awareness of ecolabelled seafood when compared to those without. Those aware stated a willingness to pay to a higher degree and also displayed more environmental concern and less health interest than those unaware of eco-labelled seafood.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to correlate positively with an ageing population. The most common neurodegenerative diseases are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The cause of these diseases is believed to be the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, synergistically acting with ageing. BMAA (β-methylamino-L-alanine) is one kind of toxin present in our environment and might play an important role in the development of those diseases. BMAA was initially isolated from cycad seeds in Guam, where the incidence of ALS/Parkinsonism-dementia complex among the indigenous people was 50 – 100 times higher than the rest of the world in the 1950’s. BMAA can induce toxic effects on rodents and primates. Furthermore, it can potentiate neuronal injury on cell cultures at concentrations as low as 10 µM. BMAA was reported to be produced by cyanobacteria, and could bio-magnify through the food chain. In this thesis, work was initially focused on the improvement of an existing analytical method for BMAA identification and quantification using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.  Subsequently, the refined method was applied to environmental samples for probing alternative BMAA producer(s) in nature and to seafood samples for estimation of human exposure to this toxin. In Paper I, a systematic screening of the isomers of BMAA in a database was performed and seven potential isomers were suggested. Three of them were detected or suspected in natural samples. In Paper II, a deuterated internal standard was synthesized and used for quantifying BMAA in cyanobacteria. In Paper III, Diatoms were discovered to be a BMAA producer in nature. In Paper IV, ten popular species of seafood sold in Swedish markets were screened for BMAA. Half of them were found to contain BMAA at a level of 0.01 – 0.90 µg/g wet weight. In Future perspectives, the remaining questions important in this field are raised.

Darbo tikslas: įvertinti riebalų rūgščių sudėtį žuvies ir jūros gėrybių gaminiuose, apskaičiuoti aterogeniškumo, trombogeniškumo indeksus ir pateikti rekomendacijas vartotojams. Tyrimas atliktas 2013 – 2014 metais. Riebalų rūgščių kiekis buvo nustatytas dujų chromatografijos metodu, naudojant liepsnos jonizacijos detektorių. Riebalų rūgščių analizei tiriamieji mėginiai buvo paruošti pagal LST EN ISO 12966-2:2011. Riebalų rūgštys buvo sumetilintos bevandeniu KOH metanolio tirpalu. Riebalų rūgščių metilesterių chromatografinė analizė atlikta dujų chromatografu Shimadzu GC – 2010, naudojant BPX – 70, 120 m kolonėlę pagal LST EN ISO 15304:2003/AC:2005 metodiką. Riebalų rūgščių identifikavimui naudotas riebalų rūgščių rinkinys “Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix”, tetradekadieno (C14:2) ir heksadekadieno (C16:2) RR buvo identifikuotos interpoliacijos būdu. Atlikta vartotojų apklausa apie žuvies ir jūros gėrybių gaminių vartojimo ypatumus parodė, kad 60 proc. moterų ir 21 proc. vyrų žuvies gaminius vartoja iki dviejų kartų per savaitę. dažniausiai renkasi lašišų krevečių ir krabų gaminius. Pagal gaminių apdorojimo būdą moterys pirmenybę teikia sūdytiems (44 proc.) šalto (38 proc.) ir karšto (31 proc.) gaminiams, o vyrai karšto (16 proc.), šalto (13 proc.) ir konservuotiems (11proc.) gaminiams. Dauguma apklaustųjų turi pakankamai informacijos apie riebalų rūgštis ir jų įtaką žmogaus sveikatai. Termiškai neapdorotuose, lyginant su termiškai apdorotais, nustatytas didesnis PNRR kiekis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study: to evaluate fatty acids composition in fish and seafood products, calculate atherogenic, thrombogenic index and present recommendation for consumers. The research was done during 2013 – 2014. The amount of fatty acids was determined by the method of gas chromatography using flame ionization detector. Fatty acids samples for the analysis were prepared according to the standard LST EN ISO 12966-2:2011. Fatty acids were methylated using ahydrous KOH methanol solution. Chromatographic analysis of fatty acids methyl esters was performed using gas chromatograph Shimadzu GC - 2010, using BPX – 70, 120 m column following the methodology established in LST EN ISO 15304:2003/AC: 2005. For identification of fatty acids, Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix was used; the fatty acids tetradecen (C14:2) and hexadecen (C16:2) were identified by means of interpolation. A survey was carried out which showed that customers prefer products made of salmon, shrimps and crab meat. According to the way of processing women prefer salted (44 pct.) than cold smoking (38 pct.) or hot smoking products (31 pct.). Men‘s first choice is hot smoked (16 pct.), then cold smoked (13 pct.) and concervated (11 pct.) products. Most of the surveyed people know what the fatty acids are and what is their impact to the human health. It was determined that not heat processed products showed the biggest quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (p≤0,05), mostly omega-3, and the ratio between omega-6/omega-... [to full text]