Architecture, it genuinely conceived and thoughtfully executed, can help to bring meaning and understanding to our existence. lt can evoke emotions that touch us, recall a memory long thought lost, mark and signal the passage of time, inspire us to do great things, and provide us with warmth and security even for a short while. Architecture can play host to our dreams. It is the role of the architect to create fragmentary places that stand as enclaves, as pockets of intolerance that resist the placelessness of modern culture, and that allow us to reach these ends. / Master of Architecture

The 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Tohoku tsunami events have shown the destructive power of tsunami inundation to the constructed environment in addition to the tragic loss of life. A comparable event is expected for the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) which will impact the west coast of North America. Research efforts have focused on understanding and predicting the hazard to mitigate potential impacts. This thesis presents two manuscripts which pertain to estimating infrastructure damage and determining design loads of tsunami inundation. The first manuscript estimates damage to buildings and economic loss for Seaside, Oregon, for CSZ events ranging from 3 to 25 m of slip along the entire fault. The analysis provides a community scale estimate of the hazard with calculations performed at the parcel level. Hydrodynamic results are obtained from the numerical model MOST and damage estimates are based on fragility curves from the recent literature. Seaside is located on low lying coastal land which makes it particularly sensitive to the magnitude of the events. For the range of events modeled, the percentage of building within the inundation zone ranges from 9 to 88%, with average economic losses ranging from $2 million to $1.2 billion. The second manuscript introduces a new tsunami inundation model based on the concept of an energy grade line to estimate the hydrodynamic quantities of maximum flow depth, velocity, and momentum flux between the shoreline and extent of inundation along a 1D transect. Using the numerical model FUNWAVE empirical relations were derived to tune the model. For simple bi-linear beaches the average error for the tuned model in flow depth, velocity, and momentum flux were 10, 23, and 10%, respectively; and for complex bathymetry at Rockaway Beach, Oregon, without recalibration, the errors were 14, 44, and 14% for flow depth, velocity, and momentum flux, respectively. / Graduation date: 2013

The diploma thesis is focused on Spain, its economy and position within the international tourism market. The thesis is devided into two parts. The first part includes macroeconomic analysis and comparison of the competetiveness of Spanish economy with chosen countries. The second part analyzes Spanish tourism, its atractions and potencial. The final chapter represents a summary of strengths and weaknesses of Spain and tries to formulate possible future development of the economy and the tourism industry.

In the act of building, man places himself between earth and sky. Where a wall is raised, a place becomes divided. Architecture occurs. One wall in one place begins to define three physical realities. The form and matter of a wall exist as one thing. Each side of the wall exists separately and face opposing parts. The wall is a barrier, yet acts as an architectural element that joins the two sides. / Master of Architecture

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la station balnéaire de Skegness et les vacances de la classe ouvrière en Grande Bretagne. Elle valide le déclin des stations balnéaires britanniques en tenant compte des expériences plurielles et des stratégies de régénération et de survie du tourisme balnéaire. Les deux premières parties de la thèse ont analysé le développement des vacances balnéaires, comme une alternative aux anciens loisirs, et démontré l’apparition de Skegness en tant que station balnéaire suite au changement des conditions socioéconomiques des ouvriers. Cette thèse a également détaillé comment Skegness a été promue comme une station balnéaire à l’époque en se focalisant sur le rôle joué par les compagnies ferroviaires dans la promotion de la station par le biais d’affiches et de publicité dans les journaux. L'étude du matériel promotionnel a démontré les changements dans l'image de la station balnéaire et le ton social annoncé dès les premières années de l'aménagement du village jusqu’à la fin du XXe siècle. Cette étude a ensuite démontré que cette ville balnéaire a vu apparaître tous types de vacances de classes ouvrières, en particulier l’apparition des maisons de vacances (plotland), des camps de vacances et de caravanes. Dans ce contexte, les camps de vacances ont été étudiés comme un aspect de commercialisation des vacances de la classe ouvrière. Enfin, cette étude a abordé le déclin de Skegness et a démontré que le tourisme à l'étranger a eu un effet néfaste sur les stations balnéaires britanniques ainsi que la détérioration de l'infrastructure et les mauvaises stratégies de marketing. Dans ce contexte de déclin, il a été démontré que Skegness a réussi dans une certaine mesure à survivre en tant que destination privilégiée des familles de la classe ouvrière Anglaise. / This thesis is a study of the seaside resort of Skegness and the working class seaside holiday. It validates the onset of decline on British seaside resorts, but confirms the plurality of experiences and the varieties of the strategies of regeneration and survival. The first two parts of the thesis analyse the growth of the seaside holiday as an alternative to old leisure and the growth of Skegness as a seaside resort within the dynamics of changing leisure and changing socio-economic conditions of workers. A second theme, related to the growth of the Skegness resort, which is a major thrust of this thesis, is an analysis of the way Skegness was promoted as a seaside resort. It is argued in this context that the railway, in addition to bringing holidaymakers to the resort, played a pivotal role in the promotion of the resort, especially through posters and to a lesser extent newspaper publicity. The study of promotional materials seeks also to demonstrate the changes in the resort image and social tone from the early years of the resort development until the late twentieth century. This study also addresses the decline of Skegness as a domestic holiday destination. It argues that holidays abroad had a detrimental effect on British seaside resorts in addition to the homegrown factors like the deteriorating resort infrastructure and the poor marketing strategies. Against this background of decline, it is shown that Skegness, despite the alarming deprivation indicators, managed to a certain extent to survive as a working class family destination.

Par tradition, les habitants de La Teste se baignaient depuis bien longtemps sur la plage d’Arcachon, où, dès le début du XIXe siècle, une cabane de résinier fut louée à des « estrangers » ayant osé s’aventurer sur ces rives inconnues. Il fallut attendre les années 1820 pour que les premiers hébergements liés aux bains de mer soient mis en place. Leurs constructions répondaient aux codes néo-classiques, conformes aux pratiques architecturales de l’époque. Les premiers « chalets », influencés par ce style, surent, néanmoins apporter quelques particularités. Mais ce ne fut qu’avec l’invention de la Ville d’Hiver, quartier de cure édifié à partir de 1863, pour accueillir des malades atteints de tuberculose, que la variété architecturale fut consacrée. Chalets suisses, castelets, formes éclectiques, prirent place au milieu des pins, dans les dunes, offrant à la récente commune d’Arcachon (1857), une nouvelle dimension médicale, et un élan architectural au goût du jour. Le style pittoresque obtint, là, un succès à la mesure de celui qu’il eut sur toutes les plages de l’Atlantique et de la Manche, envahissant progressivement toute la ville. Jusqu’à l’apparition des formes régionales – néo-landaise, néo-basque-, à partir de 1920, il fut le style employé dans toutes les réalisations des nouveaux quartiers, de la ville d’automne ou de printemps, et du Moulleau, démontrant ainsi sa parfaite adaptation au milieu. / Traditionally, the inhabitants of La Teste used to bathe on the beach of Arcachon. As early as the beginning of the 19th century, a wooden hut was rented out to foreigners who dared to visit this unknown shore of the bay. The first accommodations in relation with sea bathing appeared not before the 1820 s’. These buildings reflected the neoclassical features, according to the architectural standards of the time. Most of the first 'chalets' were built in the same style, some of them showing some additional details. An architectural diversity was really settled in 1863 with the creation of the Winter Town, a medical district designed to cure tuberculosis. 'Swiss chalets', cottages and other eclectic constructions erected among the pines on the sand dunes gave to the recent town of Arcachon (1857) a new medical dimension and a modern architectural development. As anywhere else along the western shores of France, the picturesque style was so successful as to invade every part of the town. Till local styles - néo-landais, néo-basque- appeared in the1920 s, it was the only one used in the buildings of the new districts in the autumn and spring towns, as well as in Moulleau. Which can mean it was the best answer at this time, in terms of seaside architecture.

Le photographe français Fernand Braun (1852-1948) quitte les ateliers alsaciens de son oncle Adolphe Braun (1812-1877) en 1878 pour s’’installer à Angoulême, en Charente. Profitant du marché porteur du portrait, le jeune entrepreneur prend une part active aux recherches sur le gélatino-bromure d’’argent, une technique qui ouvre l’ère de l’instantané en photographie. Rejoignant les élites républicaines au sein de la société de gymnastique de la ville, le jeune homme exprime son sentiment de revanche face à la Prusse victorieuse de 1870. Gymnaste accompli et influent, les sentiments patriotiques du personnage le conduisent alors à rejoindre la Ligue des patriotes en 1884. Fréquentant Royan dès 1893, Fernand Braun s’installe en Charente-Inférieure en 1895 pour relancer ses activités. Inséré au réseau des élites conduisant le projet balnéaire de la cité et l’œuvre républicaine d’’instruction de la jeunesse, il entame une carrière d’éditeur de cartes postales. Le photographe crée à partir de 1900, un catalogue de milliers de clichés baptisé la Grande Série et valorisant les paysages et la vie des Charentais. Connaissant un succès phénoménal, la carte postale s’impose comme le medium de prédilection du début du XXe siècle. Les publications de l’éditeur témoignent alors des mutations des paysages régionaux ainsi que des évolutions sociales sur lesquelles le photographe porte un regard d’homme concerné et engagé. Cependant, le dynamisme de la Grande Série ralentit au début des années 1910 et l’auteur cherche de nouveaux débouchés pour son imagerie de cartes postales.L’année 1913 marque une rupture dans sa politique éditoriale et davantage influencé par l’industrie touristique, le personnage renouvelle sa manière de mettre en image les territoires. La Grande Guerre remobilise l’éditeur dès 1914 et ce dernier s’attache alors à exposer les conséquences du conflit à ses contemporains. Néanmoins, ne produisant guère plus que des vues touristiques après 1918, la Grande Série s’arrête en 1920. / The French photographer Fernand Braun (1852-1948) leaves his uncle’s factories, Adolphe Braun’s, in Alsace, for Angouleme in Charente where he settles in 1878. Taking advantage of the successful vogue for portraits, the young business man takes an active part in the researches into gelatine silver process, a revolutionary technique witch was to open a new era for modern photography : the snapshot. When he joined the gymnastic circle, and with it,the republican elite of the place, it was highly significant of his desire for revenge on the victorious Prussia of 1870.He’s not only a brilliant and influent gymnast but also a passionate patriot, when in 1884, he joins the Patriot’s league. From 1893 he often stays in Royan, and in 1895 he definitively settles there, in Inferior-Charente, to give a new start to his activities. Closely connected to the network of the local elite interested in the two main projects for the town : the development of Royan into a great seaside resort and the republican achievement of education of the youth, he starts, then, a career as a postcard publisher. From the year 1900, Fernand Braun produces his Great Collection, a catalogue containing thousands of pictures that shows the landscapes of the Charentes and the dailylife of its inhabitants. Being a prodigious success, the postcard reveals to be the first rank medium at the beginning of 20th century. The publisher’s productions bear witness of the environmental and social changes of the region on which Fernand Braun has a very attentive look. However, in the early 1910’s, the dynamism of the Great Collection slows down and its author looks for new openings in the issue of his pictures. By the year 1913, there is a break in his editorial policy and being more influenced by the tourism industry, the man imagines a new way of picturing the surrounding territories. As soon as the Great War breaks out, in 1914, the publisher finds a new motivation,eager to show his contemporaries its consequences. Nevertheless, by 1918, scarcely producing anything else but touristic views, the Great Collection comes to an end in 1920.

O presente trabalho procurou analisar a fundação da Estação de Banhos da Villa Sequeira no final do século XIX sob o olhar da modernidade, suas consequências para a cidade de Rio Grande e as transformações que ocorreram no balneário ao longo de meio século de história. Nossa narrativa enfocou o desejo dos homens em usufruir dos banhos de mar, seus benefícios terapêuticos e as diferentes formas de viver os espaços de lazer das estações balneares. Apresentamos o cenário da Villa Sequeira, um local construído para os lazeres das elites, mas que passou a ser vivenciado por vários segmentos sociais e dessa forma, constituiu-se em uma estação balnear para \"todos\", popularizando os banhos de mar e a vilegiatura marítima na região sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Objetivando enfocar os aspectos gerais que envolveram os veraneios no \"Cassino\" apresentamos as diversas formas de sociabilidade representadas por seus frequentadores no espaço da praia, da avenida, e em locais privados, como os hotéis, os salões de festas e bailes e a Sociedade Amigos do Cassino (SAC). / The present work analyzed the foundation of \"Estação de Banhos da Villa Sequeira\" in the end of the XIX century in a modern point of view, the consequences for the city of Rio Grande and the transformations that happened in the beach during a half century of history. Our narrative focused in the desire of men to enjoy the sea baths, their therapeutic benefits and the different ways to live the leisure places of the beaches. We show the scene of Villa Sequeira, a place built for elite leisure, but that was lived for several social classes and, in this way, contributed for the popularization of the sea bath and for the maritime \"La villegiatura\" in the south region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Aiming to focus in the general aspects that evolved the vacances in Cassino we show the several ways of sociability demonstrated by its visitors in the beach space, in the avenue, and in private locals, as hotels, party saloons and balls and the Sociedade Amigos do Cassino (SAC).

O presente trabalho procurou analisar a fundação da Estação de Banhos da Villa Sequeira no final do século XIX sob o olhar da modernidade, suas consequências para a cidade de Rio Grande e as transformações que ocorreram no balneário ao longo de meio século de história. Nossa narrativa enfocou o desejo dos homens em usufruir dos banhos de mar, seus benefícios terapêuticos e as diferentes formas de viver os espaços de lazer das estações balneares. Apresentamos o cenário da Villa Sequeira, um local construído para os lazeres das elites, mas que passou a ser vivenciado por vários segmentos sociais e dessa forma, constituiu-se em uma estação balnear para \"todos\", popularizando os banhos de mar e a vilegiatura marítima na região sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Objetivando enfocar os aspectos gerais que envolveram os veraneios no \"Cassino\" apresentamos as diversas formas de sociabilidade representadas por seus frequentadores no espaço da praia, da avenida, e em locais privados, como os hotéis, os salões de festas e bailes e a Sociedade Amigos do Cassino (SAC). / The present work analyzed the foundation of \"Estação de Banhos da Villa Sequeira\" in the end of the XIX century in a modern point of view, the consequences for the city of Rio Grande and the transformations that happened in the beach during a half century of history. Our narrative focused in the desire of men to enjoy the sea baths, their therapeutic benefits and the different ways to live the leisure places of the beaches. We show the scene of Villa Sequeira, a place built for elite leisure, but that was lived for several social classes and, in this way, contributed for the popularization of the sea bath and for the maritime \"La villegiatura\" in the south region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Aiming to focus in the general aspects that evolved the vacances in Cassino we show the several ways of sociability demonstrated by its visitors in the beach space, in the avenue, and in private locals, as hotels, party saloons and balls and the Sociedade Amigos do Cassino (SAC).

This thesis deals with the topic of  model-based design and application of simulation in system design. In the introduction, the thesis discusses the history of software development process and outlines the current status. The aim is to demonstrate a model-driven design on a case study of conference system. There will be presented formalisms of DEVS and OOPN  together with experimental tools PNtalk and SmallDEVS that allow to work with these formalisms. The resulting model of conference system will be deployed as part of a web application using a framework Seaside in the Squeak environment.