The purpose of this thesis is to strengthen the state of knowledge and understanding of visitors use of the library area at Skellefteå city library based on the development of guidelines for how to work with the future library area based on Jochumsen, Hvenegaard Rasmussen, Skot-Hansen’s (2012) model of the four-spaces. The model contains four important spaces for libraries; the learning, the inspiration, the meeting and the performative space and all of them interact in an ideal library. The research question in this study is: How does the library in Skellefteå work as an inspiring, learning, meeting and performative space? And according to these questions, what kind of model should a new library have according to the four-spaces? The research method that is used in this study is Given and Leckie´s observational method the seating sweeps and complementing interviews with both visitors and one of the managing librarians. The result illustrated that the most common activity was the physical search for books among children, young adults and adults. For elderly people and especially men the most popular activity was reading the newspaper. These findings showed that the library is used primarily as learning and meeting space for adults but as an inspiring and performative space only for the younger children.

No description available.

The number of bicycles with infants is rapidly increasing due to the revision of the Road Traffic Law in 2009 and the spread of electrically power assisted bicycles in recent years. The users of electrically power assisted bicycles are mainly the elderly and the child-rearing generation, and bicycles that allow children to ride along are particularly effective tools for improving the efficiency and health of the child-rearing generation. However, the reckless riding of bicycles by parents is often overlooked because they have no other means of transportation. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey of parents who transport their children to and from nursery schools by bicycle to understand the actual situation of bicycle use and the state of awareness of the rules.

This study evaluated effects of driving torques on screw direct withdrawal resistance (SDWR) from wood-based composites. The results on the screw seating torques indicated that the face-grain orientation of each material type had the highest mean load. The face-grain orientation of OSB had the highest mean load of 11.1 lb.in., and the MDF had the lowest mean load of 7lb.in.. For the screw stripping torques, the result showed the face-grain orientation of each material type had the highest mean load. The face-grain orientation of OSB had the highest load of 55.9 lb.in. Effects of torque levels on SDWR, the results indicated that the SDWR was lower at the torque level closer to the seating and stripping torque levels in OSB, whereas the SDWR was only lower in the torque level closer to the stripping torque within MDF and PB. Face-grain orientations of the each wood material had the highest SDWR.

The design of urban open spaces often does not address the physical and psychological comfort needs of the users with regard to the type, location and orientation of the seating that is present within those spaces. In order for urban open spaces to be used by the urban population, it is important that the needs and preferences of the user population be identified and taken into account when designing and locating seating elements within those spaces. This thesis was done to better understand how people who live and work in urban environments use seating in urban open spaces. This was accomplished though a series of observations and interviews in two open spaces in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The people who used the spaces were grouped into different user classes which were defined based on their age, behavior and mode of apparel. Data was collected with regard to the seating elements that they preferred to use. The data was analyzed to determine whether patterns of seating use existed within specific user classes based on the type, location and orientation of the seating elements. The seating types that were studied included benches, walls, steps and grass areas. The location and orientation of the seating elements were described in terms of the microclimatic and contextual conditions in which they were located. These included sun/shade exposure, whether the seating was located on the interior or exterior portions of the space, proximity to a path or walkway, location in an open or secluded area, and whether or not the seating was located close to high or low traffic areas. The findings of the research suggest that patterns of seating preference do exist within certain user classes based on the location and orientation of seating. The primary implication of these findings for landscape architects and urban open space designers is that providing a choice of seating options, in terms of seating type, location, and orientation, should be a fundamental goal when designing or redesigning spaces that are intended to be used by a diversity of people. / Master of Landscape Architecture

The purpose of this review was to determine whether the use of sensory-based alternative seating to increase the appropriate behaviors of individuals with disabilities is an evidence-based practice (EBP). Articles located on this topic were descriptively analyzed, and What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) guidelines were applied to determine each study’s methodological rigor, level of evidence, and whether, taken together, there is enough research to support alternative seating as an EBP. A total of 37 studies of the effects of sensory-based alternative seating on individuals with disabilities were found. These studies included a total of 44 participants, between 3 to 9 years of age. Based on WWC guidelines, six of the 37 studies, or 16%, met standards for rigor, and of those, only one study showed evidence of a positive effect on the target behavior. The results and their implications for teachers/practitioners, and future research are discussed.

The presented master thesis on the project theme called The Chair, for art lessons on higher primary school is composed of two interconnected parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part, intended as a source of inspiration for the application of the topic in the educational process at the primary school, focuses on the characteristics of the seating furniture in the context of historical development and the chair as a motif in art. The practical part contains brief schema of project teaching, captures the preparatory and implementation phase, documentation and reflection of particular art lessons associated with the thematic unit of study. The master thesis contains a representative photographic documentation in the annex.

This thesis deals with space conditions and working place in a computer lab. It also de-scribes the rules of correct seating of students and their feeling of comfort related to the stay in a computer lab. Theoretical part contents information about ergonomic requirements on the arrangement of working place at the computer. The information concerns table, chair, monitor, key-board and mouse. The requirements on space conditions of a computer lab are intro-duced as well as other factors. For example floor area, height of a room, position of working place and factors such as lighting, windows, noise, microclimatic conditions and ventilation. Working with computer effects our health, for example musculoskeletal problems, visual difficulties and psychical troubles are mentioned. Also the musculoskeletal system, sitting position, posture and examples of compen-sation exercise (concerning static load) are described in this thesis. The final section of the theoretical part is focused on the school stress, its conse-quences and also the school which supports health. The aim of the thesis is to map space conditions and working place in a computer lab in Písek district and to find out students opinions on feeling of comfort while staying in a computer lab and respecting the rules of correct seating. The second part of thesis gathers the results of my research. It concerned students from 6th till 9th classat chosen primary schools in Písek district by the method of ob-serving and the results were compared with the established criteria. Also the anonymous questionnaires were used. The space conditions of computer labs, working places of students and respecting the rules of correct seating were evaluated by observing. The questionnaires were focused on the recognition of students feeling of comfort while staying in a computer lab. Established facts were statistically tested by using chi-square test. The final results of the research show that working places in computer labs at pri-mary schools are suitable for ergonomic requirements. While observing of respecting the rules of correct seating, it was acknowledged, that these rules are not followed, despite the students have adequate conditions for their work. Although in the observed computer labs there were some deficiencies concerning space conditions and other factors, the students feel comfortable while staying in a computer lab. Because static load influences the musculoskeletal system of the students itis neces-sary to apply the factors of precaution at schools, especially as for the rules of correct seating. The students should be familiar with these rules and following the rules should be regularly and consistently controlled by teachers. The deficiencies in computer labs and on the working places are necessary to re-move to create adequate surrounding and conditions for the work of students. Appropri-ately arranged working place is basic requirement for the precaution of musculoskeletal problems and it also enables easier way of how to follow the rules of correct seating. Long-lasting sitting and unsuitable working conditions influence negatively the health of the students and that is significant also for the future. Health problems can be present till adulthood. The students should be aware of the risks and they should be taught to arrange their working place properly before they start working there.

The objection of this dissertation is to examine effects of stowed cargo on safety driving of a vehicle. Based on general experience of weighing trucks and monitoring of cargo fixture, my attempt was to summarize related legislative conditions of the operation of trucks in terms of payload, weighing and stowing of cargo. In the first part I worked on consistent methodology of stowing and fastening of cargo on trucks. I've included various methods of loading cargo and different ways of fastening and their calculations. The main body of the second part is a practical methodology of inspectional weighing of trucks on the road. In this section I took into account the current method and procedure of inspectional weighing and measuring of trucks. During my trial weighing of different types of trucks I proved that the key factor for safe seating and lashing of load on a vehicle is determining center of gravity of the vehicle. I solve this problem in detail in the last part of my work.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur olika axiala tryck och skjuvkrafter påverkade marginal och intern passform i en sexledsbro i titan i överkäkens frontregion.Material och metod: En litteratursökning gjordes för att insamla bakgrundsmaterial. Stödtänderna 13 12 11 21 22 23 preparerades på en plastmodell för en sexledsbro och en anatomiskt utformad bro i titan framställdes med hjälp CAD/CAM. En mastermodell av stödtänderna tillverkades i epoxyresin. Genom att använda replikateknik utvärderades brons passform vid olika cementeringstryck; 20, 35, 50, 70 N och 50 N med skjuvkrafter. Varje replika snittades med hjälp av en ”jig” och cementspalten analyserades i ett mikroskop. All data granskades statistiskt.Resultat: Resultatet visade att ett tryck med 20 N generellt gav en ej acceptabel passform och ett tryck med 35 N hade en stor spridning. Vid tryck med 50 N kunde mindre cementspalter ses. De blev inte mindre vid test med 70 N. När skjuvkrafter adderades försämrades resultaten jämfört med försöken med 50 N och 70 N.Konklusion: Ett tryck vid cementering som överstiger 50 N förbättrar ej passformen markant. Närvaro av skjuvkrafter påverkar passformen negativt. Ett lägre tryck på 20 N ger dock en mindre fördelaktig passform jämfört med skjuvkrafter förutsatt att ett tillräckligt högt tryck används. Alla slutsatser var statistiskt signifikanta. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how different axial seating loads and shear loads influences the marginal and internal fit of a titanium six unit FDP in the upper jaw frontal region.Materials and Methods: A literature search was made to acquire background material. Preparations of abutment teeth for a six unit FDP 13 12 11 21 22 23 were made on plastic teeth, and an anatomically designed titanium FDP was constructed using CAD/CAM. A master cast of the abutment teeth was fabricated in epoxy resin. Using the impression replica technique the fit of the FDP was evaluated by different seating loads during cementation; 20, 35, 50, 70 N and 50 N under the presence of shear loads. The replicas were sectioned using a jig and the cement gap was analysed using a microscope. All the data were statistically analysed.Results: The results showed that a seating load of 20 N generally gave an unacceptable fit and that the seating load of 35 N had great range. At seating loads of 50 N less cement gaps could be seen, i.e. more favourable fit. These results did not improve when testing with 70 N. With a presence of shear loads the results were poorer than when testing with 50 and 70 N.Conclusions: A seating load exceeding 50 N during cementation does not markedly give a more favourable fit. The presence of shear loads affects the fit negatively. A lower seating load of 20 N gives a less favourable fit compared to shear loads provided that a seating load high enough is used. All of these conclusions were statistically significant.