This study was conducted to determine experiences of southwestern Virginia high school agricultural and special education teachers with regards to the collaboration that may or may not exist between them to enhance the learning of students with special needs (SWD) taking agricultural education classes. It also sought to determine factors that motivate or inhibit collaboration, strategies for overcoming the barriers that may exist, and indicators of effective collaboration between these teachers. The following research questions were answered by conducting the study. 1. What is the status of collaboration between agriculture and special education teachers to enhance inclusion of students with disabilities? 2. What factors exist that either motivate or inhibit collaboration between agriculture and special education teachers with regards to enhancing the inclusion of student with disabilities in agricultural education classes and laboratories? 3. If barriers exist that inhibit collaboration between agriculture and special education teachers, what strategies might be implemented to overcome them? 4. What indicators reveal the establishment and continuation of effective collaboration between agriculture and special education teachers with regards to enhancing SWD learning in agricultural education classrooms and laboratories? The researcher used interviews as the qualitative research tool. Convenience, criterion, and purposeful sampling were used by the researcher to identify participants to best answer the studies' research questions. Overall, collaboration between agricultural and special education teachers did exist. The frequency of collaboration depended on many factors. In most schools the frequency was limited due to a number of barriers. Examples of these barriers included, but were not limited to, lack of knowledge of each teacher regarding the other teacher's discipline, case overload for special education teachers, lack of time provided for collaboration, and the physical distance between the agricultural and special education departments. Examples for overcoming the barriers included, but were not limited to, enhanced communication via technology, creative scheduling to allow for collaboration, and provision of professional development to enhance the knowledge of each teacher regarding the discipline of the other teacher. / Doctor of Philosophy / This study was conducted to determine experiences of southwestern Virginia high school agricultural and special education teachers with regards to the collaboration that may or may not exist between them to enhance the learning of students with special needs (SWD). It also sought to determine factors motivating or inhibiting collaboration, strategies for overcoming the barriers that may exist, and to show indicators of effective collaboration. Sixteen secondary teachers were interviewed by the researcher. Eight secondary agriculture and eight special education teachers were participants. Overall, the working relationship between agriculture and special education teachers did exist. Their working relationship depended on many factors. In most schools, the frequency was limited due to a number of barriers. Examples of these barriers included, but were not limited to, lack of knowledge of each teacher regarding the other teacher's discipline, case overload for special education teachers, lack of time for collaboration, and the physical distance between the agricultural and special education departments. Examples for overcoming the barriers included, but were not limited to, enhanced communication through technology, creative scheduling, and improving training to increase the knowledge of each teacher regarding the discipline of the other teacher.

En 1865, V. Duruy, ministre de l’Instruction publique nommé par Napoléon III, organise un cursus intermédiaire entre l’enseignement primaire et l’enseignement secondaire. Cet « enseignement secondaire spécial » doit pouvoir fournir à la Nation des cadres intermédiaires pour l’industrie, le commerce et l’agriculture. Conséquemment, cette filière appelle dans ses rangs des enseignants spécifiques et V. Duruy, souhaitant donner ses lettres de noblesse à cette nouvelle formation, crée trois agrégations distinctes. Il fonde également à Cluny une École normale chargée de former le nouveau personnel tout en laissant également l’opportunité à des candidats libres de se présenter à ce nouveau concours. À partir de 1881, l’enseignement secondaire spécial subit plusieurs réformes et il est transformé en 1891 en enseignement moderne. L’École normale ferme ses portes et les agrégations spéciales sont supprimées. La dernière session du concours a lieu en 1893. De 1866 à cette date, 468 candidats auront réussi une agrégation spéciale. Dans une période qui s’étend de 1866 à 1914, notre travail de recherche se propose tout d’abord de partir à la rencontre de ce personnel enseignant méconnu. En nous appuyant sur les dossiers personnels des agrégés spéciaux, nous examinerons tout d’abord leurs origines sociale, scolaire et géographique puis leurs parcours tant dans la vie professionnelle que dans la sphère privée. L’étude s’attache ensuite à suivre ces professeurs dans leur quotidien afin d’apprécier leur niveau de vie. Enfin, l’historiographie ayant souvent souligné que les agrégés classiques affichaient souvent du mépris vis-à-vis des catégories subalternes, il s’agira de mettre en lumière la place occupée, tant dans l’Université que dans la société, par les agrégés spéciaux. / In 1865, Victor Duruy, Minister of State Education appointed by Napoleon III, puts in place an intermediate course between primary and secondary education. This “Special Secondary Education” was meant to provide the nation with intermediate executives for the industry, trade and agriculture. Consequently, this sector called up in its ranks specific teachers and, wishing this new training to be officially recognized, V. Duruy created three distinct agrégations. He also founded at Cluny a Teacher Training College or École normale in charge of training the new staff while giving the opportunity to external candidates to take this new examination. From 1881 onwards the Special Secondary Education underwent several reforms, until 1891 when it became Modern Education. The Teacher Training College closed down and the special agrégations were stopped. The last exam session took place in 1893. From 1866 to that date, 468 candidates will have passed the special agrégation. For a period which extends from 1866 to 1914, our research work suggests first of all getting to know this neglected teaching staff. Relying on the special agrégés’ personal files, we will first study their social, academic and geographical origins, then their personal routes both in their professional and private lives. The study will next attempt to follow these teachers in their everyday life in order to assess their standard of living. Finally, historiography having pointed out that the standard agrégés often showed contempt towards lower grade social groups, our task will be to highlight the place either in the University or in society the special agrégés held.

Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att belysa frågan om förekomsten av musikterapeutisk kunskap och kompetens i olika skolformer i Sverige. Musikterapi kommer emellanåt till användning i musikundervisning med elever som har funktionsnedsättning, främst synes detta gälla då en musiklärare också är utbildad musikterapeut. Ett problem är vilka musikterapeutiska kunskaper och vilken kompetens som egentligen kan komma till användning i arbetet med elever med funktionsnedsättning i skolan. Ett annat problem är på vilka sätt lärare i musik ges möjlighet att ta del av musikterapeutiska kunskaper och kompetens i sin utbildning. Hypotesen som ligger till grund för föreliggande studie är att lärare i musik har behov av kunskap och kompetens om musikterapi i undervisning med elever med olika funktionsnedsättningar. Studien baseras på en kvantitativ enkätundersökning riktad till lärare i musik som undervisar elever med funktionsnedsättning. Studiens forskningsfrågor lyder: Hur stor andel av musiklärarna i undersökningen har någon form av musikterapeutisk utbildning? Hur många använder sig av någon form av insatser som kräver musikterapeutisk kunskap eller kompetens i sin undervisning? Och hur ofta sker detta i så fall? Hur ser lärarna på användning av musikterapi i skolan? Resultatet visade att lärarna ansåg att det behövs fler utbildade musiklärare med musikterapeutisk kompetens i alla skolformer för att ge elever ett nödvändigt stöd i utvecklingen. Lärarnas tankar om hur musikterapi och musikterapeutiska redskap kan komma till användning som en hälsofrämjande, utvecklande resurs i det pedagogiska arbetet i olika skolverksamheter och som en del av elevhälsa utgör en del av resultatet. Studiens slutsats är att det behövs en modell eller ett koncept för utarbetande och användning av musikterapeutisk kunskap och kompetens i musiklärarutbildning och i arbete med elever på skolor. / This study’s purpose is to illuminate issues about the use of music therapy at schools in Sweden. Music therapy occasionally comes into use during music education with students who have disabilities. Primarily this seems to apply when a music teacher is also a trained music therapist. One problem is which type of music therapeutic knowledge and competence can actually be used when working with students with disabilities in schools. Another problem is the way in which music teachers are given the opportunity, to take part in music therapeutic knowledge and skills during their education. The hypothesis that forms the basis of the present study, is that music teachers need knowledge and competence about music therapy when teaching students with different development disorders. The study is based on a quantitative questionnaire survey, aimed at music teachers who teach students with disabilities. The study's research questions read: How many of the music teachers in the survey have some sort of music therapy as part of their education? How many people use some form of intervention that requires music therapeutic knowledge or competence in their teaching? And how often does this happen? How do teachers see the use of music therapy in schools? The result showed that the teachers felt that more educated music teachers with music therapeutic competence were needed in all school forms to provide students with the necessary support in development. The teachers’ thoughts about how music therapy and music therapeutic tools can be used as a health-promoting, developing resource in the pedagogical work in different school activities and as part of student health are part of the result. The study's conclusion is that a model or a concept is needed for the preparation and use of music therapeutic knowledge and competence in music teachers training when working with students at schools.