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The purpose of this study is to find out why so many immigrants live in Rosengård, Malmö. We are even curious to find out how they experience living within these precincts in the wake of controversial media cover of the area. Our study was prompted by the results of other researchers who have made studies in that particular area. Some arrived at the conclusion that it was due to racism, others claim it was based on stigma, but we want to argue from a different perspective which is the concept of individualistic and collectivistic society/culture. Our result of the study is in general that many choose to settle there of their own volition, but there are even other factors such as economy and space. All informants like living in Rosengård, but two out of five have a different opinion about their future at the place.

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This study looks at characteristics of rental gated communities in the United States from a national perspective and based on a case study of four Southwestern Counties, Riverside County and San Bernardino County in California, Maricopa County in Arizona, and Clark County, Nevada. Tenure differences between owned and rental gated communities are compared. The study also debates who actually benefits from rental gated communities and what that effect that has upon the community. This analysis is done by assessing whether minorities experience higher housing opportunities in rental gated communities newer, fast growing areas as the study area. Descriptive statistics of rental gated community characteristics are presented and neighborhood diversity indices are analyzed. The study finds that rental gated communities are much like their owned gated community counterparts and that new housing markets do not present better housing opportunities (at the neighborhood level)for minorities, particularly those neighborhoods with more rental gated properties present. Policy implications are discussed. / Ph. D.

Master of Arts / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / Gerad Middendorf / Despite ideals of justice and equality, certain segments of the U.S. population are denied the rights and privileges available to the more affluent. This thesis examines the relationships between 1) neighborhood race and class composition and 2) food availability. We explore the extent to which physical and social isolation affects healthy food availability to groups marginalized by race and class. Specifically, we examine the relationship between residential racial and income composition and the availability of healthy foods. We use census tract data from the 2010 U.S. census and 5-year estimates from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey for Topeka, Kansas. For data on food stores we use InfoUSA, a professionally maintained database that provides detailed information on a variety of businesses. We verify this data with various “on the ground” techniques. We conclude with a discussion of the relevance of this work to the knowledge base regarding food environments in the United States.

The aim of this study is to examine how the municipality of Trollhattan works to counteractschool segregation in Kronogarden and integrate the schools in the whole municipality. Theclosure of the schools in Kronogarden is in focus in this study, but there is also the ambitionto look more closely at whether the closure of schools as a measure fulfills a function relatedto previous research. The methods used in this study are qualitative text analysis andinterview method, where framing constituted the analytical framework for the empiricalmaterial in order to be able to analyze. The main results of the study show that themunicipality of Trollhattan works in different directions to counteract and solve schoolsegregation. Kronogarden is in focus for Trollhattan's municipality's work regarding bothcounteracting segregation and integration in general. The results also indicate that schoolsegregation has arisen due to other factors such as housing segregation and school choice.Related to previous research, it is stated that the closure of schools as a measure forintegration purposes has seldom proved to be successful in solving school segregation.Through the analysis, it has been emphasized that in the municipality of Trollhattan, there ismore needed than just closing down schools in certain areas to solve school segregation, as itdoes not constitute the core of the problem.

Införandet av en ny upplåtelseform, ägarlägenheter kommer förmodligen att ske den 1 april 2009. Många intressanta frågor har väckts kring den nya upplåtelseformen och en av dessa frågor handlar om ägarlägenheter kan bidra till att minska segregationen i de mest utsatta områdena i landet. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka om ägarlägenheter kan minska segregationen i Malmö. Utgångspunkten är att förstå segregationsproblematiken i staden och hur ägarlägenheter eventuellt skulle kunna påverka detta.Studien grundar sig på en kvalitativ metod då vi har genomfört sex strukturerade intervjuer med personer som på olika sätt är engagerade i bostadsfrågor i Malmö. Vi har den deduktiva ansatsen som utgångspunkt då hypotesen Ägarlägenheter kan minska segregationen i Malmö skapats för att besvara vår huvudfrågeställning. Med hjälp av positiviska metoder har vi studerat olika statistik men vi ser verkligheten som en social konstruktion och det är hermeneutiken som vi använt oss av i analysen. Slutsatsen är att hypotesen varken kan accepteras eller förkastas då undersökningen visat ett otydligt resultat. Ägarlägenheter kan medföra ett ökat antal nyproducerade bostäder i attraktiva områden men dessa lägenheter är förmodligen inte tillgängliga för alla då det krävs en stor kapitalinsats vid köpet. Även om man kan lyckas med att skapa en blandning av alla upplåtelseformer i ett område kan dessa boende visa sig vara lika dyra att bo i oavsett om det är ett köp- eller hyresboende. Man kan konstatera att en blandning av olika upplåtelseformer i samma stadsdel kan medföra en minskad etnisk segregation i ett område som till exempel Västra hamnen, där det bor välbärgade invånare med olika etniska bakgrunder men dessa människor tillhör samma socioekonomiska grupp. Däremot kan ägarlägenheter inte bidra till att minska den etniska segregationen i de utsatta områdena i Malmö. Även om man har kapital vill man hellre köpa en lägenhet i ett attraktivare område och enligt Malmö stad lämnar svenskar i alla inkomstklasser dessa utsatta områden. Man kan konstatera att om upplåtelseformen ägarlägenheter är möjlig i det befintliga fastighetsbeståndet kan det finnas en möjlighet att hålla kvar framgångsrika invandrare i utsatta områden då de är benägna att stanna kvar hos sina familjer och vänner men det är svårt att locka svenskar till att köpa dessa lägenheter och därför kan ägarlägenheter inte bidra till att minska den etniska boendesegregationen i de utsatta områdena i Malmö. / The introduction of a new form of housing tenure, condominium, is likely to take place on April 1, 2009. Many interesting questions have been raised concerning the new form of tenure and one of these questions is whether condominiums can decrease residential segregation in the most segregated areas of Sweden.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether condominiums can decrease segregation in the city of Malmö. The starting point is an understanding of the problem of segregation in the city and how this may be affected by condominiums.The study is based on a qualitative method where we conducted six structured interviews with persons involved with housing issues in Malmö. We have a deductive approach as a starting point where the hypothesis “Condominiums can decrease segregation in Malmö” was formulated in order to answer our main study question. By using positivist methods, we have studied various statistics, but we see reality as a social construction and we used hermeneutics when carrying out our analysis. The conclusion is that the hypothesis can be neither confirmed nor disproved since the results are inconclusive. Condominiums may lead to an increased number of newly constructed buildings for housing in attractive areas, but these apartments may not be available to everyone since they require a major capital investment. Even if a mixture of forms of tenure is achieved in an area, these housings may turn out to be equally expensive, regardless of whether they are rented or owned by the residents. A mixture of forms of tenure may decrease residential segregation in a city area such as Västra hamnen, with wealthy inhabitants from varying ethnic backgrounds. However, these inhabitants belong to the same socio-economic group. But condominiums cannot decrease residential segregation in the most segregated areas of Malmö. Persons with sufficient capital would rather acquire apartments in attractive areas and according to the city of Malmö, Swedes from all income classes are leaving these segregated areas. If condominium as an ownership of housing is available for the existing building there may be a chance of keeping successful immigrants in segregated areas since they are likely to stay with families and friends, but it is difficult to attract Swedes to acquire these apartments, and therefore condominiums as a form of tenure cannot lead to a decreased the ethnic residential segregation in the most segregated areas of Malmö.

Sverige har idag utvecklats till ett mångkulturellt land med många olika etniciteter i samhället. Denna utveckling har resulterat i att det råder uppdelning av folkgrupper. I denna studie har vi valt fokuserat på den etniska boendesegregationen som råder i många delar av landet. För att kunna genomföra studien har vi valt att begränsa oss till stadsdelen Norrby i Borås. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer det är som främst kan förklara att komplexa samverkansprojekt blir framgångsrika respektive problematiska. Tillit och samverkan sammankopplas till studien genom detta syfte för att bilda en förståelse om hur samverkan och tillit i komplexa nätverk med många aktörer och andra individer kan gå till. För att kunna genomföra studien har vi fördjupat oss i hur Borås Stad implementerar sina intentioner och åtgärder för att minska den etniska bostadssegregationen på Norrby. Studien inkluderar en kvalitativ forskningsstudie med kvalitativa intervjuer av olika aktörer i Borås Stad. Resultatet visar att det föreligger olika faktorer som påverkar framgångarna och motgångarna i samverkansprojekt. De faktorer som påverkar framgången är att aktörerna stödjer varandra i samarbetet, visar öppenhet och ömsesidighet, är faktorer som främjar både tillit och samverkan. Ytterligare faktorer som också främjar skapandet av tillit i samverkan är att parterna hanterar sina ansvarsområden och låter de andra aktörerna, men också invånarna vara delaktiga i samverkan. De hämmande faktorerna är bland annat brist på resurser i samverkan vilket leder till att det inte går att utföra löften. Att arbeta med integration är också ett omfattande arbete vilket har lett till att ansvar och engagemang i samverkan kräver konstant ingripande. Slutligen utgörs de sista faktorerna av att det förekommer en brist på kommunikation och ömsesidighet mellan aktörerna såväl som invånarna och att vissa aktörer uppfattas bli passiva. / Today, Sweden has developed into a multicultural country along with several different ethnicities in the urban community. This development has resulted in a state of fragmentation in the community. In this study, we choose to focus on the ethnic residential segregation that occurs all over the country. In order to accomplish this study, we also choose to confine ourselves to the urban district Norrby in Borås. The purpose of this study, is to research what factors that mainly can explain why complex collaboration projects turns out to be successful or problematic. Trust and collaboration are linked to the study through this purpose in order to create an understanding of how collaboration and trust in complex networks involving a great number of participants and other individuals could appear. In order to accomplish the study, we have immersed in how City of Borås implements their intentions and interventions in order to reduce the ethnic residential segregation in Norrby. The study includes a qualitative research study, together with qualitative interviews from different participants in Borås. The results show that it exists different factors which influence both prosperity and setbacks in projects of collaboration. The factors influencing prosperity, is that participants support each other in the collaboration, shows openness and reciprocity towards each other. These are factors which improve trust and collaboration. Other factors that also improve the creation of trust in collaboration is that the parties handle their area of responsibility and allow the other participants, but also the residents to be a part of the collaboration process. The repressive factors are among other, a lack of resources in the collaboration process, which leads to promises being broken. Working with integration is also a comprehensive task, which have resulted in responsibility and commitment in collaboration requires constant intervening. Finally, the last factors consist of the fact that it occurs a lack of communication and reciprocity between the participants, as well as between the residential and some participants whom are being perceived passive. This thesis is written in Swedish.