[pt] O comportamento sísmico de taludes tem sido um tópico de grande interesse da engenharia geotécnica nos últimos 40 anos. Durante este período, a prática da engenharia nesta área evoluiu do emprego de técnicas elementares para procedimentos numéricos bastante complexos. A abordagem mais simples é a análise pseudo-estática na qual o carregamento do terremoto é simulado por uma aceleração horizontal estática equivalente atuando na massa de solo deslizante, utilizando-se um procedimento de equilíbrio limite (método das fatias), geralmente conservativo. O parâmetro que descreve o comportamento dinâmico do solo é referido como coeficiente sísmico k, e sua seleção depende fortemente da experiência e normas técnicas locais, porque não há maneira simples e segura de se escolher um valor adequado. O segundo procedimento é conhecido como método de Newmark, que envolve o cálculo de uma aceleração de escoamento, definida como a força inercial necessária para o fator de segurança atingir 1 em uma análise pseudo-estática pelo método de equilíbrio limite. O procedimento então usa os registros de aceleração do terremoto de projeto e o integra duplamente no tempo para calcular os deslocamentos permanentes acumulados. O terceiro método é referido como análise de Makdisi- Seed, que procura definir a estabilidade sísmica do talude em termos de deslocamentos aceitáveis em vez de um fator de segurança tradicional através de uma versão modificada do método de Newmark. Esta técnica apresenta uma maneira racional de calcular uma aceleração de escoamento média, necessária para produzir um valor do coeficiente de segurança do talude igual a 1. Gráficos específicos foram também desenvolvidos para estimativa dos deslocamentos permanentes, tendo sido bastante aplicados em aterros rodoviários, barragens e aterros sanitários. Finalmente, o mais sofisticado método para análise de estabilidade sísmica de taludes é conhecido como análise dinâmica, que normalmente incorpora modelos de elementos finitos e relações tensão x deformação complexas numa tentativa de obter melhores representações para o comportamento mecânico de taludes sob cargas cíclicas Os resultados destas análises podem incluir a história no tempo dos deslocamentos e tensões, bem como das freqüências naturais, efeitos de amortecimento, etc. Este trabalho apresenta uma comparação entre os métodos mencionados anteriormente, analisando o comportamento sísmico dos taludes da estrutura de contenção dos resíduos de lixiviação de minério de urânio, na Bahia, e dos taludes do bota-fora sul da mina de cobre Toquepala, situada no Peru. / [en] The seismic stability of slopes has been a topic of considerable interest in geotechnical engineering for the past 40 years. During that period, the state of practice has moved from simples techniques to more complicated numerical procedures. The simplest approach is the pseudo-static analysis in which the earthquake load is simulated by an equivalent static horizontal acceleration acting on the mass of the landslide, according to a generally conservative limit equilibrium analysis. The ground motion parameter used in a pseudo-static analysis is referred to as the seismic coefficient k, and its selection has relied heavily on engineering judgment and local code requirements because there is no simple method for determining an appropriate value. The second main procedure is known as the Newmark displacement analysis which involves the calculation of the yield acceleration, defined as the inertial force required to cause the static factor of safety to reach 1 from the traditional limit equilibrium slope stability analysis. The procedure then uses a design earthquake strong-motion record which is numerically integrated twice for the amplitude of the acceleration above the yield acceleration to calculate the cumulative displacements. These displacements are then evaluated in light of the slope material properties and the requirements of the proposed development. The third method is referred to as the Makdisi-Seed analysis sought to define seismic embankment stability in terms of acceptable deformation instead of conventional factors of safety, using a modified Newmark analysis. Their method presents a rational means to determine yield acceleration, or the average acceleration required to produce a factor of safety of unity. Design curves were developed to estimate the permanent earthquake- induced deformations of embankments, which have since been applied to sanitary landfill and highway embankments. Finally, the most sophisticated method for seismic slope stability calculations is known as the dynamic analysis, which normally incorporates a finite element model and a rather complex stress-strain behavior for geological materials in an attempt to obtain a better representation of the behavior of soils under cyclic loading. The results of the analysis can include a time history of displacements and stresses, as well as natural frequencies, effects of damping, etc. This work presents a comparison of the results obtained by the aforementioned approaches, considering the seismic behavior of the slopes of an uranium lixiviation pad situated in Bahia, Brazil, and the South embankment of the waste landfill of the Toquepala Mine, Peru.

[pt] O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um procedimento numérico para a análise sequencial estática e dinâmica de barragens de terra, durante as principais fases da vida da estrutura:construção, enchimento do reservatório e carregamentos sísmicos. A modelagem numérica é feita mediante o método dos elementos finitos, incorporando as não linearidades dos materiais através de módulos dependentes do nível de tensões, para a análise estática, e do nível de deformações para a análise dinâmica. Inicialmente são apresentadas as características do comportamento de barragens de terra submetidos a carregamentos estáticos e dinâmicos. Apresentam-se também alguns dos fatores que influenciam a resposta estática e dinâmica deste tipo de estrutura geotécnica. Em seguida apresentam-se as formulações e implementações numéricas realizadas para a análise sequencial, estática e dinâmica, por elementos finitos. Desenvolveu-se neste trabalho um programa de microcomputador para análise de barragens considerando varias opções como elementos infinitos, elementos de interface, contornos viscosos, etc. Outras obras de terra e problemas geotécnicos, além de barragens, podem também serem analisadas por este programa, de caráter bastante geral. Finalmente ilustra-se a aplicabilidade do programa e procedimentos implementados, através da previsão do comportamento da Barragem de Recreta, localizada no Peru. Os resultados desta análise, considerando no estudo dinâmico o registro disponível do terremoto de Lima (1974), são apresentados e discutidos. / [en] This work presents the development of numerical procedures for static and dynamic sequential analysis of earth dams during the main phases of their life: construction, reservoir filling and seismic loading. The numerical modeling is performed using the finite element method with material modulus that exhibit either stress state (static analysis) or strain state (dynamic analysis) dependency. General behavior characteristics of earth dams subjected to static and dynamic loads are initially presented. The main factors influencing the static and dynamic responses are also indicated e briefly discussed.Mathematical formulations and the numerical algorithms considered in the development of a computer code specially written for this research, such as interface elements, infinite elements, viscous boundaries, etc., are fully described with several illustrative examples to validate their application. The prediction of both static and dynamic responses of the Recreta Dam, in Peru, is also carried out considering the available seismic records of the Lima earthquake, occurred in 1974. The computed numerical results indicate that the computer program is reliable, efficient and potentially useful for other geotechnical applications. / [es] Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de un procedimiento numérico para el análisis secuencial estático y dinámico de dique de tierra, durante las principales fases de la vida de la extructura:construción, llenado del reservatorio y cargas sísmicas. La modelación numérica se realiza mediante el método de los elementos finitos, incorporando las no linealidades de los materiales a través de módulos dependientes del nível de tensiones, para el análisis estático, y del nível de deformaciones para el análisis dinámico. Inicialmente se presentan las características del comportamiento de dique de tierra sometidos a sobrecargas estáticas y dinámicas. Se presentan también algunos de los factores que influyen en la respuesta estática y dinámica de este tipo de extructura geotécnica. En seguida se presentan las formulaciones e implementaciones numéricas realizadas para el análisis secuencial, estático y dinámico, por elementos finitos. Se desarrolló en este trabajo un programa de microcomputador para el análisis de dique considerando varias opciones como elementos infinitos, elementos de interface, contornos vizcosos, etc. Otras obras de tierra y problemas geotécnicos, además de dique, pueden también ser analizadas por este programa, de carácter bastante general. Finalmente se ilustra la aplicabilidad del programa y los procedimentos implementados, a través de la previsión del comportamiento del Dique de Recreta, localizada en el Peru. Los resultados de este análisis, considerando en el estudio dinámico el registro disponible del terremoto de Lima (1974), son presentados y discutidos.

Infrastructure is developing at an extremely fast pace which includes construction of metros, underground storage places, railway bridges, caverns and tunnels. Very often these structures are found in or on the rock masses. Rock masses are seldom found in nature without joints or discontinuities. Jointed rocks are characterized by the presence of inherent discontinuities of varied sizes with different orientations and intensities, which can have significant effect on their mechanical response. Constructions involving jointed rocks often become challenging jobs for Civil Engineers as the instability of slopes or excavations in these jointed rocks poses serious concerns, sometimes leading to the failure of structures built on them. Experimental investigations on jointed rock masses are not always feasible and pose formidable problems to the engineers. Apart from the technical difficulties of extracting undisturbed rock samples, it is very expensive and time consuming to conduct the experiments on jointed rock masses of huge dimensions. The most popular methods of evaluating the rock mass behaviour are the Numerical methods. In this thesis, numerical modelling of jointed rock masses is carried out using computer program FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua). The objective of the present study is to study the effect of various joint parameters on the response of jointed rock masses in static as well as seismic shaking conditions. This is achieved through systematic series of numerical simulations of jointed rocks in triaxial compression, in underground openings and in large rock slopes. This thesis is an attempt to study the individual effect of different joint parameters on the rock mass behaviour and to integrate these results to provide useful insight into the behaviour of jointed rock mass under various joint conditions. In practice, it is almost impossible to explore all of the joint systems or to investigate all their mechanical characteristics and implementing them explicitly in the model. In these cases, the use of the equivalent continuum model to simulate the behaviour of jointed rock masses could be valuable. Hence this approach is mainly used in this thesis. Some numerical simulations with explicitly modelled joints are also presented for comparison with the continuum modelling. The applicability of Artificial Neural Networks for the prediction of stress-strain response of jointed rocks is also explored. Static, pseudo-static and dynamic analyses of a large rock slope in Himalayas is carried out and parametric seismic analysis of rock slope is carried out with varying input shaking, material damping and shear strength parameters. Results from the numerical studies showed that joint inclination is the most influencing parameter for the jointed rock mass behaviour. Rock masses exhibit lowest strength at critical angle of joint inclination and the deformations around excavations will be highest when the joints are inclined at an angle close to the critical angle. However at very high confining pressures, the influence of joint inclination gets subdued. Under seismic base shaking conditions, the deformations of rock masses largely depend on the acceleration response with time, frequency content and duration rather than the peak amplitude or the magnitude of earthquake. All these aspects are discussed in the light of results from numerical studies presented in this thesis.

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo analizar y evaluar la efectividad de reforzar con acero estructural a una edificación existente que no cumple el control de derivas. La edificación a reforzar, ubicada en el distrito de Lince en la ciudad de Lima, cuenta con un área de terreno total de 193m2, con 5 pisos destinados al uso de oficinas y un sistema estructural de pórticos de concreto armado construido en el año 2004. Se exponen todos los sistemas de reforzamiento con acero estructural más utilizados en la actualidad para rigidizar la edificación y que la estructura logre un comportamiento sismorresistente adecuado. El material del reforzamiento será acero estructural ASTM A36. Se verificará las irregularidades que presenta la edificación existente; dado a que la edificación fue construida bajo las especificaciones de la Norma E.030 del 2004, se actualizarán todos los parámetros sísmicos a la más reciente Norma E.030 Diseño Sismorresistente 2018. Se modela la edificación con cada tipo de reforzamiento con acero, se realiza un análisis símico para comprobar que la estructura cumpla con los requisitos especificados en la Norma E.030, y verificar que los desplazamientos laterales relativos de entrepisos (derivas) no superen el límite máximo permitido de 0.007 establecido en la Norma. De esta manera, se optará por el sistema de reforzamiento con acero más efectivo y viable para la edificación. Por último, se verifican todos los elementos estructurales de concreto y se diseña los nuevos elementos de acero implementados a la estructura, bajo la Especificación AISC 360 para acero estructural. / The objective of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of reinforcing an existing building with structural steel that does not comply with drift control. The building to be reinforced is located in the Lince district in the city of Lima, has a total land area of 193m2. The building consists of 5 floors for office use, it is a structural system of reinforced concrete porches and was built in 2004. All the systems of reinforcement with structural steel most used today are exposed to stiffen the building and that the structure achieves an adequate earthquake-resistant behavior. The reinforcement material will be ASTM A36 structural steel. Irregularities in the existing building will be verified; Since the building was built under the specifications of Standard E.030 of 2004, all seismic parameters will be updated to the most recent Standard E.030 Seismic-resistant Design 2018. The building is modeled with each type of steel reinforcement, a simian analysis is carried out to verify that the structure complies with the requirements specified in Standard E.030, and to verify that the relative lateral displacements of the floors (drifts) do not exceed the limit. maximum allowed of 0.007 established in the Standard. In this way, the most effective and viable steel reinforcement system for the building will be chosen. Finally, all the concrete structural elements are verified and the new steel elements implemented to the structure are designed, under the AISC 360 Specification for structural steel. / Tesis

El presente estudio de investigación evalúa la respuesta sísmica de una clínica con aislamiento símico en Lima bajo la Norma Peruana de Aislamiento Sísmico E.031. Esta será comparada con la norma la Norma Chilena de Diseño Sísmico de Edificios NCh2745 y la Norma Americana ASCE/SEI 7, dichas normas internacionales han sido diseñadas para soportar eventos sísmicos severos, presentando parámetros rigurosos, con los cuales se podrá destacar las fortalezas y debilidades frente a la nueva Norma Peruana. En los capítulos siguientes se da entendimiento a la información que se debe poseer para analizar las tres normas, conceptos básicos de sismología y dinámica estructural, dentro de cada norma se verán los alcances, factores y parámetros que intervienen en la determinación del espectro de diseño, así como el análisis sísmico dinámico que las normas proponen y el modelamiento de la estructura de la clínica en el software ETABS. Luego se comparan los resultados de la respuesta sísmica, desplazamientos laterales, derivas y fuerzas cortantes, en las que se verán las exigencias que cada norma, llegando a saber si nuestra Norma Peruana en su modificación y mejora de su contenido se proyecta a ser una de las mejores normas de diseño sismorresistente, obteniendo así una perspectiva de nuestra Norma Peruana frente a una norma internacional ya consolidada y avalada por los años frente a sismos severos. / This research study evaluates the seismic response of a clinic with simian isolation in Lima under the draft Peruvian Seismic Isolation Standard E.031. This will be compared with the North American standard ASCE SEI 7-16 and the Chilean Seismic Design Standard for Buildings 2745, these international standards have been designed to withstand severe seismic events, presenting rigorous parameters, with which we can highlight the strengths and weaknesses against the new Peruvian Standard. In the following chapters, understanding is given to the information that must be possessed to analyze the three norms, basic concepts of seismology and structural dynamics, within each norm the scope, factors and parameters that are involved in the determination of the design spectrum will be seen, as well as the dynamic seismic analysis that the standards propose and the modeling of the clinical structure in the ETABS software. Then the results of the seismic response, lateral displacements, drifts and shear forces are compared, in which the requirements of each norm will be seen, getting to know if our Peruvian Standard in its modification and improvement of its content is projected to be one of the best seismic resistant design standards, thus obtaining a perspective of our Peruvian Standard against an international standard already consolidated and endorsed by the years against severe earthquakes. / Tesis

The need for energy and the associated economic benefits from the oil and gas deposits found mainly in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria necessitated the exploration and exploitation activities being carried out by the oil and gas Companies. However, these exploration and exploitation activities due to their unpredictable nature have a huge potential for environmental pollution as been experienced in the form of oil spills, gas flaring, irresponsible disposal of waste and several other activities that have resulted in the environmental degradation of the Niger Delta region. In the light of these, the Federal Government of Nigeria having experienced the consequences of pollution of the environment during the Koko Toxic Waste Dump incident in the then Bendel State in 1987 established a regulatory body tasked with the responsibility of harmonizing the economic interest from the oil and gas exploration and exploitation activities with the sustainability of the natural environment by developing well structured and articulated policies aimed at guiding the operations of the oil and gas operators, track their compliance and administer appropriate punitive measures for non compliance. However, this research work which is aimed at evaluating the impact of the environmental protection policies in upstream oil and gas activities in the Niger Delta region, involved the use of questionnaires and interviews. These questionnaires were completed by the management and staff of three major oil and gas companies operating within the area, the Department of Petroleum Resources and members of the Host communities. The interview was carried out to provide relevant feedback on their assessment of the impact made by the environmental protection policies on the upstream oil and gas activities in their operational areas/host communities. The study however concluded that “Although there is a regulatory body tasked with the responsibility to develop, implement and track compliance of the environmental protection policies in the upstream oil industry, the body is ineffective and as such the impact of the environmental protection policies is inadequate. Appropriate informed recommendations on the improvement strategies to the identified gaps that resulted in the unfavorable conditions were also provided. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

The need for energy and the associated economic benefits from the oil and gas deposits found mainly in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria necessitated the exploration and exploitation activities being carried out by the oil and gas Companies. However, these exploration and exploitation activities due to their unpredictable nature have a huge potential for environmental pollution as been experienced in the form of oil spills, gas flaring, irresponsible disposal of waste and several other activities that have resulted in the environmental degradation of the Niger Delta region. In the light of these, the Federal Government of Nigeria having experienced the consequences of pollution of the environment during the Koko Toxic Waste Dump incident in the then Bendel State in 1987 established a regulatory body tasked with the responsibility of harmonizing the economic interest from the oil and gas exploration and exploitation activities with the sustainability of the natural environment by developing well structured and articulated policies aimed at guiding the operations of the oil and gas operators, track their compliance and administer appropriate punitive measures for non compliance. However, this research work which is aimed at evaluating the impact of the environmental protection policies in upstream oil and gas activities in the Niger Delta region, involved the use of questionnaires and interviews. These questionnaires were completed by the management and staff of three major oil and gas companies operating within the area, the Department of Petroleum Resources and members of the Host communities. The interview was carried out to provide relevant feedback on their assessment of the impact made by the environmental protection policies on the upstream oil and gas activities in their operational areas/host communities. The study however concluded that “Although there is a regulatory body tasked with the responsibility to develop, implement and track compliance of the environmental protection policies in the upstream oil industry, the body is ineffective and as such the impact of the environmental protection policies is inadequate. Appropriate informed recommendations on the improvement strategies to the identified gaps that resulted in the unfavorable conditions were also provided. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

La dynamique des courants de turbidité est fortement contrôlée par la morphologie du fond marin. Les turbidites issues de ces courants constituent des réservoirs d’hydrocarbures très importants dans les bassins sédimentaires à travers le monde. L'objectif principal de ce travail est de comprendre comment le paleorelief a contrôlé la géométrie et l'architecture des réservoirs turbiditiques, en utilisant comme zone d'étude les réservoirs du Crétacé d'un champ pétrolier du bassin de Campos (offshore du Brésil), où la tectonique a été en partie dominée par l'halocinèse. La méthodologie utilisée dans cette thèse a couplé deux approches. La première a inclus à la fois la description des séquences sédimentaires, à partir de données de sismique-réflexion et de puits, et les restaurations structurales. Six horizons régionaux et quatre unités-réservoirs ont été identifiés et cartographiés afin de construire un modèle géologique multi-2D. Ces surfaces ont ensuite été aussi restaurées. Les résultats de cette étape suggèrent que les failles liées à l'halocinèse ont contraint la paléotopographie pour le dépôt des réservoirs plus anciens et que des structures tectoniques et un canyon ont formés les contraintes paléotopographiques pour la distribution des réservoirs plus jeunes. La seconde approche a été l'analyse du rôle des paramètres des écoulements en effectuant des simulations numériques du type stratigraphique (Dionisos) et des automates cellulaires (CATS). Une surface restaurée, considérée comme référence pour le dépôt des unités-réservoirs a été utilisée comme paléotopographie pour les simulations CATS. Le modèle numérique a été contraint par les données réservoirs. Cette utilisation inédite des simulations 3D avec des automates cellulaires dans une étude de cas réel concernant des dépôts marins anciens a produit des résultats réalistes par rapport aux exemples modernes connus. Elle a également fourni des résultats plus exploitables à l'échelle de réservoir que les modèles numériques de type "stratigraphique". Ce travail met en évidence l'importance des interactions tectonique-sédimentation et de la paléotopographie pour la distribution de réservoirs turbiditiques. / The dynamic of gravity-driven turbidity currents is strongly influenced by the morphology of the seafloor. The resulting turbidites constitute important hydrocarbon reservoirs in sedimentary basins throughout the world. The main objective of the present work is thus to understand the way the paleorelief controls turbidite reservoir architectures, with application in a specific study area with Cretaceous reservoirs in Campos Basin (Brazilian offshore). The tectonics in this Basin was partly controlled by halokinesis. The first approach was describing the local Cretaceous sedimentary sequence architecture, from seismic and well data, and performing structural restorations. Six regional horizons and four reservoir-scale units were identified and mapped in order to build a multi-2D geological model. Structural restorations highlighted the structural evolution and allowed the related horizon palaeotopography to be obtained. The results of this work step suggest that the halokinesis-related listric faults regulated the distribution of the basal reservoirs. Moreover, at the top of the Albian carbonates, a canyon was identified, which, in association with the tectonic structures, forms the palaeotopographic constraints for the upper reservoir geometry. The second approach was analyzing the role of flow controlling parameters by performing stratigraphic (Dionisos) and cellular automata-based (CATS) numerical simulations. The latter provided a more appropriate reservoir scale-simulation process than Dionisos. A restored surface, considered as reference for the deposition of the reservoir units, was used as the palaeotopography for CATS simulations, having as constraints the reservoir data. This pioneer use of cellular automata simulations in a real subsurface case study produced coherent results when compared with the actual reservoir distribution. This work sheds light on the importance of tectonic-sedimentation interactions and of palaeotopography for the distribution of turbidite reservoirs.

Muchas ciudades del Perú se encuentran ubicadas en el cinturón de fuego del Pacífico, en consecuencia, existe una mayor probabilidad de ocurrencias de sismos que generen cuantiosas pérdidas de vida y grandes perjuicios económicos. Debido a este problema, la ingeniería civil está en la obligación de investigar nuevos diseños sísmicos más precisos, los cuales originaron diversos métodos que usan a los desplazamientos de la estructura como parámetro principal, ya que a través de los desplazamientos se pueden obtener los momentos y cortantes de la estructura. A este método se le conoce como Diseño Basado en Desplazamientos. El autor que le dio los lineamientos teóricos más amplios y consistentes es Priestley, con su propuesta llamada Diseño Directo Basado en Desplazamientos. Por otro lado, en la realidad peruana, las edificaciones con sistema estructura del pórtico de acero son atípicos en comparación con las de sistema dual de concreto armado. En consecuencia, se desaprovecha las propiedades de este material y de este sistema estructural, el cual se sumerge más en el rango inelástico que el concreto. La tesis analizará los resultados obtenidos del análisis sísmico de una estructura de sistema dual y otra de pórticos de acero, ambas con una misma configuración arquitectónica, bajo las metodologías de Diseño Directo Basado en Desplazamientos y de Diseño Basado en Fuerzas. Esto generará la comparación entre los sistemas estructurales bajo las metodologías mencionadas. / Many cities in Peru are located in the Pacific ring of fire, consequently, there is a greater probability of earthquakes that generate large losses of life and great economic damage. Due to this problem, civil engineering is obliged to investigate new more accurate seismic designs, which originated several methods that use the displacements of the structure as the main parameter, since through the displacements the moments and shear of the structure can be obtained. This method is known as Displacement Based Design. The author who gave the broadest and most consistent theoretical guidelines is Priestley, with his proposal called Direct Displacement Based Design. On the other hand, in the Peruvian reality, steel frames buildings system are atypical compared to those of the dual wall-frame with reinforced concrete system. Consequently, the properties of this material and this structural system are wasted, which is more immersed in the inelastic range than concrete. The thesis will analyze the results obtained from the seismic analysis of a dual wall-frame building and another of steel frames, both with the same architectural configuration, under the Direct Displacement Based Design method and the Design Based Force method, which is the method used in most standards. The thesis will generate the comparison between the structural systems under the mentioned methodologies. / Tesis

Earthquake has always been a hazard for civil structures and keeping the structures integrity during and after an earthquake is of vital importance. This phenomenon’s impact is sudden and there is little or no warning to make the preparations for this natural disaster. Much damage has been done on structures which have led to major collapses and loss of many lives. Civil structures such as nuclear power plants are designed to withstand earthquakes and in the event of a major seismic event, to shut down safely. The aim of this thesis is to present the seismic design procedures for concrete structures, in basic and detailed design, according to Eurocode 8. Also to describe and understand the difference between Eurocode 8 and the DNB in seismic analysis of nuclear power plants. To evaluate the use of DNB instead of Eurocode 8 with Swedish seismic conditions is also another aim in this thesis.  Loads and actions which apply on a structure in a seismic design and corresponding load combinations are presented for Eurocode 8 and the DNB. An example is also given to clarify the design of primary seismic beams and columns with high ductility class (DCH). A case study of a nuclear structure from a test project named SMART2013 has been made by analyzing and comparing the results from Eurocode 8 and the DNB with a finite element model in FEM-Design software. Natural frequencies of the model are compared with the tested model in SMART2013-project to evaluate the finite element modeling. The model is seismically analyzed with load combinations from Eurocode 8 and the DNB with Swedish elastic ground response spectrum with the probability of 10-5. Results obtained from the primary seismic beams and columns are compared and analyzed.  Being on the safe and conservative side of the design values is always preferred in seismic analysis of a vital and sensitive structure such as nuclear power plants. The results from this thesis shows that, purely structural, combination of Swedish elastic ground response spectrum with the Eurocode 8 load combination will give more conservative values than the DNB. / I stora delar av världen har jordbävningar alltid varit ett hot för byggnaders integritet. Karaktären av en jordbävning är plötslig och föranleds av små eller inga varningar. Om jordbävningen medför att byggnader kollapsar sker ofta stora förluster av människoliv direkt eller indirekt. Kärnkraftsverk är anläggningar som dimensioneras för att klara jordbävningar och ska kunna gå till säker avställning vid en sådan händelse. Syftet med föreliggande rapport är att presentera hur betongkonstruktioner dimensioneras för jordbävning enligt Eurokod 8. Rapporten redogör även för skillnader mellan att dimensionera enligt Eurokod 8 och DNB (Dimensionering av nukleära byggnadskonstruktioner) samt hur det slår att använda Eurokod med svenska seismiska förhållanden. Laster och lastkombinationer som används vid jordbävningsdimensionering av betongbyggnader är presenterad enligt både Eurokod och DNB. Ett exempel presenteras för att visa hur primära balkar och pelare med hög duktilitetsklass (DCH) dimensioneras för seismisk påverkan. En fallstudie av en nukleär byggnad från ett internationellt projekt, SMART2013, har använts för att analysera och utvärdera resultaten från Eurokod och DNB. Byggnaden har analyserats med finita element med programvaran FEM Design. Modellens riktighet har verifierats genom att jämföra bland annat egenfrekvenser med de från officiella rapporter från SMART2013. Byggnaden är analyserad för seismisk last enligt svenska förhållanden med markresponsspektra 10-5, och primära balkar och pelare har analyserats och utvärderats enligt både Eurokod och DNB.