Thesis (M. Com. (Accountancy))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Accountancy, 2014. / This paper reports the findings of an action research intervention designed to explore the student experiences of a lecturer’s role-modelling specific cognitive self-regulated learning (SRL) skills on third year Financial Accounting students’ motivation and strategies for learning. The intervention involved a series of enrichment tutorials with a pilot group of Financial Accounting III students at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. A mixed methods research approach was used in the study. Qualitative data was collected in the form of verbal and written feedback from group participants and the lecturer’s research diary. Quantitative data was gathered by means of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), which was used to measure the students’ motivations and strategies for learning before and after the intervention. The intervention involved a lecturer role-modelling specific learning skills through the use of active learning activities. The skills role-modelled focussed on the following MSLQ learning strategies: rehearsal, organisation, elaboration, critical thinking, meta-cognitive self-regulation, and time and study environment management. Results suggest that role-modelling in an active learning environment does help students to implement SRL skills and experience the value of using the skills. Students reported making changes to their learning approaches to Financial Accounting III as a result of the intervention. Additionally the study identified the need for students to be taught the academic discourse of financial accounting within the course content.

Les classes inversées et renversée se sont depuis peu fait une place parmi les dispositifs pédagogiques. La classe inversée est un pari qui mise sur le fait que les étudiants joueront le jeu, et qu’ils parviendront à « construire leurs apprentissages » notamment pendant le temps à distance, où ils travaillent « en autonomie ». Or l’autonomie présentée comme un objectif à atteindre, serait plutôt un prérequis. Cependant, elle est aussi un des besoins fondamentaux, au coeur de la motivation humaine. Toute la question est donc de savoir quelle part d’autonomie il faudrait laisser aux apprenants en classes inversées, pour susciter la motivation sans nuire à l’apprentissage. En classe renversée, il s’agit de savoir comment faire pour que les étudiants parviennent à gérer la charge cognitive occasionnée par ce dispositif très engageant. Après avoir exposé les théories et modèles de la motivation et de l’apprentissage autorégulé, nous nous intéresserons à l’apprentissage en tant qu’activité cognitive et métacognitive, en particulier dans le champ de la recherche informationnelle. La thèse montre que l’autoévaluation est susceptible d’enclencher la dimension cognitive, motivationnelle et autorégulatoire de l’apprentissage en classes inversées et renversée. / Flipped and reversed classrooms recently came up among instructional designs. In flipped classrooms, students are expected to be fully engaged, even during remote time when they work on their own in an autonomous fashion. But autonomy rather seems to be a prerequisite although presented as a goal. However, autonomy is also one of the human basic needs according to current motivation’s models. Therefore, the question is to determine what proportion of autonomy should beleft to students in flipped classrooms to stimulate motivation without negative effect on learning. In the reversed classroom, which is cognitively a very engaging design, the main concern is to determine how it is possible to help students managing both motivation and the cognitive load. We first present theories and models of motivation and self-regulated learning, then we address the learning process as a cognitive and metacognitive activity. Our research takes place in the field of information seeking. There, we will show that self-assessment is likely to trigger the cognitive, motivational and self-regulatory dimensions of learning, in flipped and reversed classrooms.

O tema da autorregulação tem sido discutido em diversos contextos e por diferentes abordagens teóricas, visto que a capacidade de autorregulação é um dos principais recursos do organismo humano, pois permite a gerência dos próprios comportamentos, pensamentos e sentimentos, visando à consecução de metas pessoais. No campo educacional, os alunos autorregulados assumem a responsabilidade pessoal por regular e dirigir a sua aprendizagem em termos metacognitivos, motivacionais e comportamentais. Isso tem influência no desempenho e na qualidade da aprendizagem. Diante da importância da autorregulação da aprendizagem e do número de instrumentos que objetivam mensurar esse processo, foi realizado o presente estudo. Na primeira etapa buscou-se identificar e descrever as escalas de avaliação da autorregulação da aprendizagem, nacionais e internacionais, com tradução e validação para estudantes universitários brasileiros. Posteriormente, na segunda etapa objetivou-se analisar as evidências de fidedignidade do Learning and Study Strategies Inventory LASSI (Weinstein, Schulte & Palmer, 1987) e da Escala de Competência de Estudo ECE (S&H) (Almeida & Joly, 2009), bem como examinar as evidências de validade convergente de correlações entre os dois instrumentos. Além disso, por meio dos dados coletados, propôs-se caracterizar a autorregulação da aprendizagem em uma amostra de estudantes do Ensino Superior. Para identificar os instrumentos de mensuração da autorregulação da aprendizagem em universitários, foi realizada uma busca na literatura científica de pesquisas que tenham investigado a aprendizagem autorregulada e as variáveis relacionadas. Nesse processo, foram descritos seis escalas de avaliação do tipo Likert. Desses instrumentos, três são mais antigos, construídos nos anos inciais de investigação sobre o tema e os outros três são mais recentes, elaborados na primeira década do século XXI. Sobre a segunda etapa do estudo, a amostra foi composta por 257 alunos do curso de Psicologia de instituições de ensino, públicas e particulares, do estado do Maranhão. As análises psicométricas do LASSI e da ECE (S&H) totais indicaram fidedignidade apropriados para o uso no contexto brasileiro. Por outro lado, não foram assegurados bons índices de fidedignidade para dois fatores da ECE (S&H), portanto, sugere-se que estudos futuros identifiquem sua estrutura, por meio de análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias. Ambos os instrumentos apresentaram bom nível de validade convergente de correlações. Os participantes da pesquisa relataram o uso de estratégias de estudo e de aprendizagem e foram encontradas correlações significantes, positivas e negativas, entre a autorregulação da aprendizagem e as variáveis faixa etária, sexo e instituição de ensino. Os achados do presente estudo foram discutidos à luz da literatura da área. Ademais, foram apresentadas as limitações e as propostas de futuras pesquisas. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para a melhor compreensão da autorregulação da aprendizagem, desperte o interesse de pesquisadores a prosseguirem com as investigações, e que direcione futuras pesquisas na área / Self-regulation has been discussed in several contexts and by different theoretical approaches, once the capacity to self-regulate is one of the main resources of the human being because it allows the management of ones own behaviors, thoughts and feelings aiming at the achievement of personal goals. In the educational field, self-regulated students assume the personal responsibility to regulate and guide their own learning in the metacognitive, motivational and behavioral aspects. This influences performance and quality in learning. Due to the importance of self-regulated learning and the number of instruments aimed at measuring this process, this study was conducted. The first phase was the search to identify and describe the main Brazilian and validated international assessment self-regulated learning scales for university students. To do so, a search was conducted in the scientific literature about self-regulated learning and related variables. In this process, six Likert type scales were described. Of these instruments, three are older, built in the initial years of research on the subject and the other three are more recent, elaborated in the first decade of the 21st century. Then, in the second phase the objective was to analyze the evidences of reliability of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory - LASSI (Weinstein, Schulte & Palmer, 1987) and Study Competence Scale - ECE (S&H) (Almeida & Joly, 2009), as well as to examine the convergent evidences of validity of correlations between both instruments. Moreover, through the data collected, it was proposed to characterize self-regulated learning in a sample of 257 Psychology students from private and public higher education institutions of Maranhão State. The psychometric total analysis of LASSI and ECE (S&H) showed proper reliability for use in the Brazilian context. However, two factors of ECE (S&H) did not have good index of reliability, therefore, it is suggested that future studies identify its structure, through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes. Both instruments presented good level of convergent validity of correlations. The participants of this research reported good study and learning strategies and positive and negative significant correlations were found between self-regulated learning and variables age, sex, and educational institution. The findings in the present study were discussed according with the literature in the field. Furthermore, some limitations and suggestions for future research were presented. It is expected that this work may contribute for a better comprehension of self-regulated learning, to raise the interest of researchers to move on with investigations and to provide future research in the field

För att nå en hög nivå av expertis inom sporten ishockey så krävs det att spelare har mycket goda och specifika motoriska, fysiologiska och psykologiska färdigheter. Tidigare forskning på unga elitsatsande fotbollsspelare har visat att de som nått en hög nivå, har en högre grad av självreglerat lärande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka självreglerat lärande, samt utforma och utvärdera en metod för att öka graden av självreglerat lärande, hos unga elitsatsande ishockeyspelare. Studien var av kvasi-experimentell design där ett lag fungerade som interventionsgrupp (Sub-elit, n = 15) och ett annat lag fungerande som kontrollgrupp (Elit, n = 18). Interventionen bestod av att spelarna i interventionsgruppen fick utvärdera sin egen prestation och utveckling en gång i veckan under fem veckor. Spelarna i båda grupperna fyllde i självskattningsskalan SRL-TT före och efter interventionen. Sex spelare intervjuades om deras upplevelser av självreglerat lärande och interventionen. Resultaten visar på att det fanns en skillnad vad gäller graden av självreglerat lärande mellan spelarna på högsta nivå (elit) och spelarna på en nivå under (sub-elit), men att interventionen inte hade någon statistiskt signifikant effekt på spelarnas förmåga att ägna sig åt självreglerat lärande. De intervjuade spelarna anser dock att interventionen har fått dem att tänka mer på sin utveckling och hur de presterat. Spelarna anser också att en dialog med tränarna leder till att de själva tänker mer på vad de behöver utveckla i sitt spel. / To achieve a high level of expertise in the sport of ice hockey, players need very good and specific motor, physiological and psychological skills. Previous research on young elite football players has shown that those who have reached a high skill level have a higher degree of self-regulated learning. The purpose of the study was to investigate self-regulated learning, and to design and evaluate a method for increasing the degree of self-regulated learning, in young elite ice hockey players. The study was of quasi-experimental design where one team was intervention group (Sub-elite, n = 15) and another team functioning as a control group (Elite, n = 18). The intervention consisted of the players in the intervention group evaluated their own performance and development once a week for five weeks. Players in both groups completed the self-assessment scale SRL TT before and after the intervention. Six players were interviewed about their experiences of self-regulated learning and the intervention. Results indicate that there was a difference in self-regulated learning between elite- and sub-elite players, and that the present intervention did not have a statistically significant effect on the players’ degree of self-regulated learning. The interviewed players, however, believe that the intervention has made them think more about their development and how they performed. The players also believe that dialogue with the coaches leads them to think more about what they need to develop in their game.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sylvia Bernadete Alves Salgado Oliveira.pdf: 2082501 bytes, checksum: 7ae6fb8ced2f0567f80870bce9c801c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-05 / One of the great concerns of the professionals in the educational field is education underachievement. Despite the educational policies efforts and the investments that have been made over the last years, the country is still lower than expected in face of the school learning effects. Studies in the area point to a vast number of interpretation difficulties within children who do not understand what they read, do not read what they write down and do not think before writing. Furthermore they show a poor performance at developing a logical mathematical reasoning, and, as a result, finding difficulties in learning at various school subjects. In spite of the governmental efforts, the students continue to display underachievement at high levels. What can educators, parents and society do, generally, to minimize this situation? Undertaken research with this emphasis indicates the importance of promoting self-regulatory skills at schools in order to increase the students academic performance levels. One of the directions pointed by international researchers indicates the urgency in adopting programs which promote the self-regulated learning in a more significant way. Beyond the pointed out elements, one considers it important to understand the factors that may contribute to educational success, responding to the issues regarding how the students build their processes of self-regulation, how to promote a fairer assessment by teachers and a self-regulation more effective by students. The present study has as a generic goal, to evaluate the implementation of a project for basic education of students that promotes the construction of self-regulatory strategies and the relation to the process of self-regulation and academic performance. The key objectives of this study are: i) To assess the project s contribution for the improving of the processes of self-regulation and studying; ii) to verify on whether there is a relation between the processes of self-regulation obtained by the students, as the project went on, and the academic performance on the subjects of Portuguese Language and Mathematics at different assessments. The survey consisted of 256 students in their 5th year of basic education. It utilized four instruments for the collecting and analyses of the documents, such as: An inventory of the self-regulatory learning processes (IPAA), the results of the external evaluation of the Department of Education (AMDA) and an interview with a pedagogical advisor, in addition the accompaniment and field observation by the researcher who attended at the pedagogical meetings through the process. Among the authors which excelled in this research we point out: Hadj, Zimmerman, Zabala, Luckesi, Freitas, Ros?rio among others. The data indicated that the intervention with self-regulatory processes takes on a fundamental role as a didactic and auxiliary procedure in the gaining of autonomy in the participant students. The monitoring of the project indicated that the teaching of self-regulatory strategies to students throughout 2013 by means of the project The Antics of the Yellow enabled and favored a greater organization and time at the studies, autonomy, attention and concentration on the assignments, power to solving obstacles, among other aspects featured by the attendants. The results of IPPA indicated a significant statistical change when comparing the beginning of the process to its ending. The results indicate that the developing of projects focusing on self-regulation might help the process of learning. At last, we indicate the need of further research focusing on basic education. / Uma das grandes preocupa??es dos profissionais da ?rea da educa??o ? o insucesso escolar. Apesar do empenho das pol?ticas educacionais e dos investimentos feitos nos ?ltimos anos, o pa?s ainda se encontra abaixo do esperado frente aos efeitos das aprendizagens escolares. Estudos na ?rea apontam para a grande dificuldade de interpreta??o das crian?as que n?o entendem o que leem, n?o leem o que escrevem e n?o pensam antes de escrever, al?m de apresentarem baixo desempenho no desenvolvimento do racioc?nio l?gico matem?tico e por consequ?ncia encontram dificuldades de aprendizagem em diversos conte?dos escolares. Apesar dos esfor?os governamentais, os alunos continuam a apresentar n?veis elevados de insucesso escolar. O que educadores, pais e sociedade de maneira geral podem fazer para minimizar essa situa??o? Pesquisas realizadas nesse enfoque apontam a import?ncia na promo??o de compet?ncias autorregulat?rias em escolas, com a finalidade de aumentar os n?veis de desempenho escolar dos alunos. Um dos caminhos apontados em pesquisas internacionais indica a urg?ncia na ado??o de programas que promovam a autorregula??o da aprendizagem de forma mais significativa. Al?m dos elementos apontados, considera-se importante a compreens?o de fatores que possam contribuir para o sucesso escolar, respondendo quest?es relacionadas ? como os alunos constroem seus processos de autorregula??o, como promover uma avalia??o mais justa por parte dos professores e uma autorregula??o mais eficaz por parte dos alunos. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral avaliar a implementa??o de um projeto para alunos do Ensino Fundamental que promove a constru??o de estrat?gias autorregulat?rias e a rela??o com o processo de autorregula??o e desempenho escolar, tendo como objetivos espec?ficos: i) avaliar as contribui??es do projeto para a melhoria dos processos de autorregula??o e de estudo; ii) verificar se h? a rela??o entre os processos de autorregula??o adquiridos pelos alunos no transcorrer do projeto e o rendimento escolar nas disciplinas de L?ngua Portuguesa e Matem?tica em diferentes avalia??es. Participaram da pesquisa 256 alunos do 5? ano do Ensino Fundamental e uma orientadora pedag?gica. Foram utilizados quatro instrumentos para a coleta e tamb?m an?lise de documentos como o: Invent?rio de Processos de Autorregula??o da Aprendizagem (IPAA); resultados da avalia??o externa da Secretaria de Educa??o (Amda) e entrevista com uma orientadora pedag?gica, al?m do acompanhamento e a observa??o de campo pela pesquisadora que participou dos encontros pedag?gicos durante o projeto. Dentre os autores que balizaram a pesquisa destacamos Hadj, Zimmerman, Zabala, Luckesi, Freitas, Ros?rio entre outros. Os dados indicaram que a interven??o com os processos autorregulat?rios assume papel fundamental como procedimento did?tico auxiliador no ganho de autonomia estudantil dos alunos participantes. o acompanhamento do projeto o ensino de estrat?gias autorregulat?rias aos alunos durante o ano de 2013 por meio dos do projeto As Travessuras do Amarelo possibilitou e favoreceu maior organiza??o e tempo nos estudos, autonomia, aten??o e concentra??o nas tarefas, poder de resolu??o de obst?culos, entre outros aspectos destacados pelos participantes. Os resultados do instrumento IPAA indicaram uma mudan?a estatisticamente significativa quando comparados o in?cio do projeto com o final. Os resultados indicam que o desenvolvimento de projetos com foco na autorregula??o pode auxiliar o processo de aprendizagem. Por fim, recomendamos a necessidade de novos estudos com foco no Ensino Fundamental.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREA OLIVEIRA SILVA.pdf: 1240094 bytes, checksum: df96bb342a414f2efd227259dc678d0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / The issues of (non) learning have been one of the most frequent complaints in the educational reality today. Teachers and parents are challenged to deal with children who seem not to learn, who don t show interest in school issues, who are unable to understand what is required of them and finally, who cannot study with the long awaited (and proclaimed in educational discourses) autonomy. International research has demonstrated that children can learn in various different ways and that teachers can support them in this process through intentional promotion of self regulation learning strategies. By means of a project which aims at working with teachers, enabling them to develop such strategies with elementary students, the present work has as its main objective: to identify if teacher participation in this project enables them to change their conceptions and practices. And as specific objectives: (i) to identify teachers conceptions regarding learning and self regulation learning processes before the beginning of the project; (ii) to identify what they think about the contributions of teacher s continuing education; (iii) to analyze the project As Travessuras do Amarelo and teachers participation in it, highlighting their doubts, difficulties, changes and dilemmas. In our theoretical framework, we discussed the questions of learning, self regulated learning and learning to learn, and we also brought the issue of teacher education with special attention to teacher s continuing education and its formative models. In a scenario where changes occur very quickly, in which, historically accumulated knowledge is available on the World Wide Web, teachers no longer monopolize knowledge and must also be constantly learning. Self-regulation emerges, then, as an important component for both initial and continued teacher training, for their practices in the classroom. Taking qualitative research as the methodological reference, we collected data through interviews, observations, questionnaires and the analysis of narratives of elementary teachers of 9 public schools in a city in the interior of the state of S?o Paulo. The analysis of the data produced indicates that, before the start of the project, the conceptions of the teachers in relation to self-regulation were related to the question of pace and control and although inaccurate, contained elements that explain the concept. Throughout the project, some teachers were appropriating the concept of self-regulation, but some practices still proved very linked to the issue of external control, which may give indications that the practice is more influenced by the beliefs and personal epistemology of the teacher, than by his/her knowledge, as research indicates. The group of teachers values the continuing education; however, there is great discontent in relation to courses that have been offered in large quantities, causing an overload in the teachers work. Nevertheless, continuing education can be configured as a space for reflection and change. / As quest?es da (n?o) aprendizagem t?m sido uma das queixas mais frequentes na realidade educacional atualmente. Pais e professores s?o desafiados a lidar com crian?as que parecem n?o aprender, n?o demonstram interesse nos assuntos escolares, n?o compreendem aquilo que lhes ? solicitado e n?o conseguem estudar com a t?o sonhada (e proclamada nos discursos educacionais) autonomia. Pesquisas internacionais t?m mostrado que as crian?as aprendem de formas diferentes e que o professor pode apoi?-las nesse processo por meio da promo??o intencional de estrat?gias de autorregula??o da aprendizagem. A partir do desenvolvimento do Projeto As Travessuras do Amarelo , no ?mbito da forma??o continuada, que tem como prop?sito trabalhar com crian?as de Ensino Fundamental estrat?gias de autorregula??o da aprendizagem, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral identificar se a participa??o dos docentes nesse projeto possibilita mudan?as em suas concep??es e em seus procedimentos did?ticos. E por objetivos espec?ficos: i. Identificar as concep??es que os docentes participantes do projeto t?m sobre aprendizagem e os processos de autorregula??o da aprendizagem antes da aplica??o do projeto; ii. conhecer as concep??es que os docentes participantes do projeto t?m sobre a contribui??o da forma??o continuada; iii.analisar o projeto As Travessuras do Amarelo e a participa??o dos professores ao longo de sua aplica??o, procurando verificar as dificuldades, d?vidas, avan?os, mudan?as nos procedimentos did?ticos e dilemas vivenciados por eles. Em nosso quadro te?rico discutimos a quest?o da autorregula??o da aprendizagem; aprendizagem e o aprender a aprender e fizemos discuss?es sobre a forma??o de professores, com foco especial na forma??o continuada, seus modelos formativos e sobre seu papel. Num quadro em que mudan?as ocorrem de forma acelerada, em que o conhecimento historicamente acumulado est? dispon?vel na rede mundial de computadores, os professores j? n?o monopolizam o conhecimento e precisam tamb?m estar constantemente aprendendo. A autorregula??o emerge, ent?o, como um importante componente, tanto para a forma??o de professores, inicial e continuada, quanto para suas pr?ticas em sala de aula. Tomando o referencial qualitativo de pesquisa como caminho metodol?gico, fizemos observa??es, aplica??o de question?rios, entrevistas e an?lise de narrativas de forma??o e de vida de 22 professoras do 4? ano de 9 escolas de um munic?pio no interior de S?o Paulo. A an?lise dos dados produzidos indica que, antes do inicio do projeto, as concep??es das professoras em rela??o ? autorregula??o estavam relacionadas com o ritmo e o controle e, embora imprecisas, continham elementos que explicam o conceito. Ao longo do projeto, algumas professoras foram se apropriando do conceito de autorregula??o, mas algumas pr?ticas ainda se revelaram muito ligadas ao controle externo, o que pode dar ind?cios de que a pr?tica ? mais influenciada pelas cren?as e pela epistemologia pessoal do professor, do que pelo seu conhecimento, conforme apontam pesquisas. O grupo de professoras valoriza a forma??o continuada, entretanto h? um grande descontentamento com rela??o aos cursos que t?m sido oferecidos em grande quantidade, gerando uma sobrecarga no trabalho das docentes. Ainda assim, a forma??o continuada pode se configurar como espa?o de reflex?o e mudan?a.

O tema da autorregulação tem sido discutido em diversos contextos e por diferentes abordagens teóricas, visto que a capacidade de autorregulação é um dos principais recursos do organismo humano, pois permite a gerência dos próprios comportamentos, pensamentos e sentimentos, visando à consecução de metas pessoais. No campo educacional, os alunos autorregulados assumem a responsabilidade pessoal por regular e dirigir a sua aprendizagem em termos metacognitivos, motivacionais e comportamentais. Isso tem influência no desempenho e na qualidade da aprendizagem. Diante da importância da autorregulação da aprendizagem e do número de instrumentos que objetivam mensurar esse processo, foi realizado o presente estudo. Na primeira etapa buscou-se identificar e descrever as escalas de avaliação da autorregulação da aprendizagem, nacionais e internacionais, com tradução e validação para estudantes universitários brasileiros. Posteriormente, na segunda etapa objetivou-se analisar as evidências de fidedignidade do Learning and Study Strategies Inventory LASSI (Weinstein, Schulte & Palmer, 1987) e da Escala de Competência de Estudo ECE (S&H) (Almeida & Joly, 2009), bem como examinar as evidências de validade convergente de correlações entre os dois instrumentos. Além disso, por meio dos dados coletados, propôs-se caracterizar a autorregulação da aprendizagem em uma amostra de estudantes do Ensino Superior. Para identificar os instrumentos de mensuração da autorregulação da aprendizagem em universitários, foi realizada uma busca na literatura científica de pesquisas que tenham investigado a aprendizagem autorregulada e as variáveis relacionadas. Nesse processo, foram descritos seis escalas de avaliação do tipo Likert. Desses instrumentos, três são mais antigos, construídos nos anos inciais de investigação sobre o tema e os outros três são mais recentes, elaborados na primeira década do século XXI. Sobre a segunda etapa do estudo, a amostra foi composta por 257 alunos do curso de Psicologia de instituições de ensino, públicas e particulares, do estado do Maranhão. As análises psicométricas do LASSI e da ECE (S&H) totais indicaram fidedignidade apropriados para o uso no contexto brasileiro. Por outro lado, não foram assegurados bons índices de fidedignidade para dois fatores da ECE (S&H), portanto, sugere-se que estudos futuros identifiquem sua estrutura, por meio de análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias. Ambos os instrumentos apresentaram bom nível de validade convergente de correlações. Os participantes da pesquisa relataram o uso de estratégias de estudo e de aprendizagem e foram encontradas correlações significantes, positivas e negativas, entre a autorregulação da aprendizagem e as variáveis faixa etária, sexo e instituição de ensino. Os achados do presente estudo foram discutidos à luz da literatura da área. Ademais, foram apresentadas as limitações e as propostas de futuras pesquisas. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para a melhor compreensão da autorregulação da aprendizagem, desperte o interesse de pesquisadores a prosseguirem com as investigações, e que direcione futuras pesquisas na área / Self-regulation has been discussed in several contexts and by different theoretical approaches, once the capacity to self-regulate is one of the main resources of the human being because it allows the management of ones own behaviors, thoughts and feelings aiming at the achievement of personal goals. In the educational field, self-regulated students assume the personal responsibility to regulate and guide their own learning in the metacognitive, motivational and behavioral aspects. This influences performance and quality in learning. Due to the importance of self-regulated learning and the number of instruments aimed at measuring this process, this study was conducted. The first phase was the search to identify and describe the main Brazilian and validated international assessment self-regulated learning scales for university students. To do so, a search was conducted in the scientific literature about self-regulated learning and related variables. In this process, six Likert type scales were described. Of these instruments, three are older, built in the initial years of research on the subject and the other three are more recent, elaborated in the first decade of the 21st century. Then, in the second phase the objective was to analyze the evidences of reliability of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory - LASSI (Weinstein, Schulte & Palmer, 1987) and Study Competence Scale - ECE (S&H) (Almeida & Joly, 2009), as well as to examine the convergent evidences of validity of correlations between both instruments. Moreover, through the data collected, it was proposed to characterize self-regulated learning in a sample of 257 Psychology students from private and public higher education institutions of Maranhão State. The psychometric total analysis of LASSI and ECE (S&H) showed proper reliability for use in the Brazilian context. However, two factors of ECE (S&H) did not have good index of reliability, therefore, it is suggested that future studies identify its structure, through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes. Both instruments presented good level of convergent validity of correlations. The participants of this research reported good study and learning strategies and positive and negative significant correlations were found between self-regulated learning and variables age, sex, and educational institution. The findings in the present study were discussed according with the literature in the field. Furthermore, some limitations and suggestions for future research were presented. It is expected that this work may contribute for a better comprehension of self-regulated learning, to raise the interest of researchers to move on with investigations and to provide future research in the field

In adult education, studies have been done in the areas of persistence, self-efficacy, self-regulated learning strategies and the Hispanic population. However, this study was unique in its attempt at examining the link between the self-efficacy and self-regulated learning strategies in the persistence of Hispanic college English language learners. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the experience of 1st generation Hispanic English Language learners during their first year at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. The researcher conducted 14 semi-structured interviews of their experiences both as immigrants learning the English language and first-generation college students by utilizing a phenomenological framework. The study served two purposes: (a) informing the literature and (b) supporting the necessity for helping facilitate the path to higher education for first-generation Hispanic college students. Six themes emerged from the data related to persistence among the participants: (a) unwavering support from families and teachers, (b) role models matter, (c) struggles in the pursuit of the seemingly elusive American Dream, (d) difficulties in navigating the higher education system as first-generation college students, (e) friendships and the role they play in the participants’ lives, and finally, (f) uncertainty of the future and participants’ expectations after graduation. Theoretical, empirical, and practical implications related to persistence among 1st year Hispanic students are explored. In particular, these findings highlight the need for future research that informs existing theoretical models of student persistence and the practical utility of attending to learners’ needs early in the collegiate experience.

This study focused on the effects of using metacognitive strategy cuing integrated into problem-solving activities in a web-based learning environment. Purposes of the study were to investigate: (a) differences in posttest achievement between students who received metacognitive strategies embedded as cues in engineering problem sets and students who did not receive the treatment; (b) differences in perceptions of problem-solving skills between students who received metacognitive strategies embedded as cues in engineering problem set and students who did not receive the treatment; (c) differences in thermodynamics knowledge; (d) problem-solving steps students reported using across problem sets; (e) characteristics of sampled students, and (f) students' perceptions of web-based problem sets. The sample consisted of 81 students enrolled in an undergraduate thermodynamics course. In-class lectures were scheduled twice weekly, and web-based problem sets were assigned as homework. Two groups, the treatment group using embedded metacognitive cuing and the control group not using the embedded metacognitive cuing, practiced with problem-solving activities over a fifteen-week-semester. Two-thirds through the semester, comprehensive posttest achievement scores were compared between groups. Analyses showed no significant differences between groups when metacognitive strategies were incorporated into web-based problem sets. An instrument was developed and validated to measure students' perceptions of their abilities to plan, monitor, and evaluate problems. Pre- and post testing of students' self-reported perceptions were measured. The results indicated no significant differences between groups. When differences in thermodynamics knowledge and skills between students were measured, pretest to posttest results showed equal improvement for both groups, contradicting the hypothesis those students in the treatment group would improve in skills and knowledge more than the control group. A frequency analysis revealed differences in the amount of times students' reported using engineering problem-solving steps while working through exercises. Most frequently chosen was Step Two - List Variables (91 %) and Step Seven - Solved Equations (91%).. The least chosen response was Step Four -- Made/stated Assumptions which was selected only three percent of the time. Implications from this investigation, along with previous research, facilitate definition of boundary conditions when employing metacognitive cuing in web-based learning.

Das folgende Forschungsprojekt beschäftigt sich mit metakognitiven und motivationalen Fähigkeiten als Teilbereiche des selbstgesteuerten Lernens. Es untersucht den Nutzen und die Grenzen von Lerntagebüchern, die zugeschnitten wurden auf Grundschülerinnen und Grundschüler mit Migrationshintergrund. Das Ziel der Studie war es herauszufinden, ob und wie selbststeurungsbezogene Lernprozesse durch den Einsatz von Lerntagebüchern gemessen und verändert werden können. Hierzu führten 28 Grundschülerinnen und Grundschüler 14 Wochen lang während des Unterrichts ein halbstandardisiertes Lerntagebuch in Anlehnung an Wohland/Spinath (2004). Zur Messung von Veränderungen in metakognitiven und motivationalen Fähigkeiten füllten 43 Schülerinnen und Schüler zweier Experimentalgruppen und einer Kontrollgruppe vor und nach der Lerntagebuch-Intervention standardisierte Fragebögen aus. Weiterhin wurden die 28 Lerntagebücher der Experimentalgruppen inhalts- und prozessanalytisch ausgewertet. Außerdem wurden Interviews mit den Lehrkräften über ihre Unterrichtspraxis geführt und einige Schülerinnen und Schüler zu ihrer Wahrnehmung der Lerntagebucharbeit befragt. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse der Lerntagebuchdaten zeigen, dass die 28 Schülerinnen und Schüler mit Migrationshintergrund erfolgreich ihren Lernprozess bei der Bearbeitung einer Aufgabe verbalisierten. Sie haben weiterhin erfolgreich Vorhersagen über ihre Vorgehensweisen zur Lösung einer Aufgabe getroffen. Die Lerntagebücher unterstützten sie darin, ihre metakognitiven Erfahrungen (Efklides/Petkaki 2005) zu kalibrieren (Desoete/Roeyers 2006). Den Lernenden ist es gelungen, ihre Repräsentationen über das Lösen einer Aufgabe aufeinander (fein-) abzustimmen, während sie daran arbeiteten. Mit Hilfe von Zeitreihenanalysen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Schülerinnen und Schüler die Fragen im Lerntagebuch gegen Ende der Intervention oberflächlicher beantworteten und die Lerntagebücher tendenziell weniger häufig ausgefüllt wurden (negative Trends). Eine Erklärung für die geringere Antworthäufigkeit, die zu negativen Verlaufskurven über die Zeit führten, könnte sein, dass die Instruktionsdichte durch den Mix an offenen und geschlossenen Fragen im Lerntagebuch zu hoch war. Die Lernenden haben sich möglicherweise so an die Fragen bzw. Antwortformate gewöhnt, dass die Motivation, in das Lerntagebuch zu schreiben, geringer wurde. / The following research project focuses on metacognitive and motivational skills as aspects of self-regulated learning. It studies the usability and the limitations of learning diaries that are designed to foster those skills for elementary school students with a migrational background. The goal of the study is to know whether and how self-regulated learning processes can be measured and changed through the use of learning diaries. Therefore 28 students of an elementary school in Berlin worked for 14 weeks with a semi-standardized learning diary which was designed in accordance to Wohland/Spinath (2004) and which was integrated in classroom teaching. To measure the changes in metacognitive and motivational skills 43 students in two experimental groups and one control group had to fill in self-report questionnaires before and after the diary-intervention. The 28 learning diaries of the two experimental groups were content and process analyzed. Furthermore interviews were conducted with teachers about their classroom teaching and with students about their perception of working with a diary. The questionnaire data showed that the learning diary could be useful for fostering metacognitive but not motivational skills. The results of the diary data showed that the 28 students with a migrational background were able to verbalize their learning process when working on a specific task. They were also able to make predictions about their own approach towards solving a task. The learning diaries supported the calibration (Desoete/Roeyers 2006) of their metacognitive experiences (Efklides/Petkaki 2005). Students were able to fine-tune their representations about solving a task as they went on with task processing. Time-series-analysis showed that towards the end of the intervention there was a tendency to answer with superficial and lower frequency responses (negative trends). One explanation for the lower frequency of responses, which led to negative curves over time, could be that too much instructional support was elicited through the learning diary's mix of open and closed questions. The learners may have adjusted to the prompts and answer formats leading to a decrease in motivation to write.