Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar la relación que se da entre las principales nociones del enfoque propuesto por Amartya Sen, las cuales son: agencia, bienestar y libertad. En la primera parte del trabajo se explora el conflicto y convergencia de los aspectos de agencia y bienestar, específicamente. Se ha llegado a la conclusión de que, a partir de la propuesta ética del autor, llamada Consecuencialismo ampliado, se puede tener una visión más extensa y pluralista de los dilemas morales, sensible y dependiente, sobre todo, a la agencia del sujeto respecto a sus actos, preferencias y objetivos logrados. A su vez, se propone la necesidad de la búsqueda de intersecciones y acuerdos respecto a los objetivos que tienen valor para el agente. En el segundo capítulo se analiza las nociones de libertad y agencia. Se concluye que la libertad está compuesta por dos visiones estrechamente interdependientes, aquella que enfatiza en la participación y autonomía del sujeto en el proceso, y la que se enfoca en el logro efectivo de resultados. La agencia, asimismo, es una condición inherente a la libertad. El tipo de agencia que se propone se enfoca, precisamente, en la participación activa, autodeterminación y no interferencia del sujeto respecto a su propósito. Finalmente, se concluye el trabajo haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de fortalecer la agencia directa y razonada de los ciudadanos como individuos o colectivos, para que, a partir de esta, se puedan construir acuerdos comunes, modelados por el compromiso, disensión y consenso. / Amartya Sen's approach, which are agency, well-being, and freedom. The first part of the work explores the conflict and convergence of the aspects of agency and well-being, specifically. It has been concluded that, based on the author's ethical proposal, called Broad Consequentialism, a broader and more pluralistic view of moral dilemmas can be obtained, sensitive and dependent on the agency of the subject regarding their actions, preferences, and achieved objectives. In turn, the need to search for intersections and agreements regarding the objectives that are valuable to the agent is proposed. The second chapter analyzes the notions of freedom and agency. It is concluded that freedom is composed of two closely interdependent visions, one that emphasizes the participation and autonomy of the subject in the process, and the one that focuses on the effective achievement of results. Agency, likewise, is an inherent condition of freedom. The type of agency proposed focuses precisely on active participation, self-determination, and non-interference of the subject regarding their purpose. Finally, the work concludes by emphasizing the need to strengthen the direct and reasoned agency of citizens as individuals or collectives, so that, based on this, common agreements can be built, shaped by commitment, dissent, and consensus.

The Capability Approach was initially developed by Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, with the first basic articulation presented in his 1979 ‘Equality of What?’ Tanner Lecture. Since then, the approach has gained a huge amount of attention as a conceptual framework which offers a clear and insightful way to measure well-being and development. Most recently, the approach has been refined and extended by Martha Nussbaum to issues of disability, nationality, and species membership in political philosophy. This project is about the foundations of the capability approach. More specifically, this project asks whether we can, and whether there are good reasons to, strengthen those foundations. The conclusions drawn here are that we ought to think seriously about the way that the capability approach develops as a theory that responds to real world challenges and change. More importantly, this project contends – in light of the challenges of future people and indigenous peoples – that there is good reason to think of new ways to ground the approach. This project takes up this challenge and grounds the approach in a modified version of Tim Mulgan’s approach to well-being. This project demonstrates that this alternative enriches the capability approach by providing us with a way of making sense of important problems, and with options for moving forward. Overall, this project asks important questions about how the capability approach could evolve based on challenges that remain relatively under-explored in the current literature. This project contributes to this literature by demonstrating that we can and ought to strengthen the capability approach and its ability to understand, take on board, and resolve these challenges.

L’Homme représente la vraie richesse de la nation, car il poursuit le progrès social tout en cherchant son bien-être personnel par le biais d’actions concrètes pour améliorer son mode de vie. C’est pour cela que le Maroc a lancé à travers le discours du Roi Mohamed VI, l’Initiative Nationale pour le Développement Humain (INDH), le 18 mai 2005, pour lutter contre l’exclusion sociale, la précarité et la pauvreté et se hisser au rang des pays avancés. Notre étude de l’INDH prend appui sur l’évaluation du programme de lutte contre la précarité dans la région Chaouia-Ouardigha. Celle-ci est une des régions du Maroc qui a été étudiée de plus près pour avoir bénéficié de projets dans ce cadre. L’Initiative Nationale pour le Développement Humain est donc un vaste chantier permanent qui met l’Homme au centre du développement, et assure la durabilité de ses projets. Le développement humain a un caractère à la fois économique et social. Il suppose une politique publique active. C’est pourquoi, il n’aurait de raison d’être sans l’Etat, qui s’est affirmé dès la fin des années 1990, conformément aux travaux de A. Sen mettant l’accent sur le rôle de l’Etat dans le développement humain. / Man represents the true wealth of nation, as he persues social advance while seeking his personal well-being by means of concrete actions to improve his life style. That is why Morocco has launched the National Initiative for Human Development through king Mohamed Vl’ s speech on the 18th of May 2005, to fight against social exclusion, precariousness and poverty and to raise itself to the position of advanced countries. Our NIHD study rests on the evaluation of the fight program against precariousness in Chaouia-Ouardigha region. This is one of Morocco’s most closely studied regions, since it has benefited from projects within this framework. The National Initiative for Human Development is therefore a vast and permanent field which puts man at the heart of development and ensures the durability of his plans. The human development has both an economic and a social nature. It requires an active public Policy. That is why there would be no more reason for it to exist without the state, which asserted itself from the end of the nineties in accordance with A. Sen’ s Works which emphasize the role of the state in human development.

[pt] O estudo da resistência à fratura dos materiais é de grande importância para desenvolvimentos de projetos, seleção de materiais e avaliação do comportamento dos materiais perante a presença de um defeito no componente. Há inúmeras normas que envolvem geometrias padronizadas para determinação desta propriedade mecânica, no entanto nem todo componente em serviço possui as mesmas condições encontradas nas geometrias padronizadas, como é o caso de materiais dúcteis empregados em estruturas com espessuras de paredes finas e elevada pressão interna. Nesta dissertação foram estudados dois materiais com diferentes limites de escoamento confeccionados conforme geometria tipo SEN(T) de fixação por garras, a qual não é padronizada pela ASTM. Com isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa com o emprego desta geometria com variação de 0,2 a 0,8 da relação entre a dimensão idealizada inicialmente para a trinca e a largura do corpo de prova, e entalhes laterais com redução de 20 porcento foram confeccionados nos corpos de prova do material mais dúctil. Após, foi realizada a pré-trinca de fadiga e iniciado o ensaio de tenacidade à fratura. Este último foi desenvolvido adotando o método compliance, o qual permite que com apenas um corpo de prova seja realizado descarregamentos parciais permitindo assim a determinação de J e incremento de trinca em cada posição, possibilitando plotar a curva-R Os resultados obtidos determinaram que mesmo com a/W diferente daqueles indicados por norma para levantamento da curva-R, é possível obter uma curva-R para a/W=0,2. Existe uma limitação em aplicar a geometria SEN(T) que não possuem extensa ductilidade. / [en] The study of resistance to fracture of the materials is very important for developing new projects, making materials specifications and also for evaluating materials behaviour under presence of a crack in a component. There are uncountables standards which apply normalized specimens due to determine this mechanical property, however some components in service doesn t act under same conditions as the specimen chosen, for instance ductile materials applied in components with thin thickness and high intern pressure. In this dissertation was studied two diferente of materials with distinct yield limits fabricated according to SEN(T) geometry with clamped fixing, which one is not acceptable by ASTM. Thus, a research has been carried out using this geomerty with a variation of 0,2 to 0,8 of the relation between the idealized initially for the crack and the width of the proof body ratio and side-grooves with 20 percent reducted were made in the specimens with higher ductility. After that, the procedure for doing fatigue pre-crack was initialized, followed by fracture toughness test. This last one was developed adopting the unloading compliance technique, which one allows that more than one aplications of force and displacement can be realized in only one specimen then the value of J and crack extension can be calculated and the R-curve will be plotted. The results obtained showed even with a a/W ratio diferente of those indicated by standards, is possible to constructo a qualified R-curve for a/W=0,2. In additon to the results, there is a limitation in applying a SEN(T) geometry in materials that don t present extensive ductility.

This study presents a new framework for designing pedagogy in an informed and controlled way. It considers the importance of progression of pedagogy during a learning episode, so that an instructor can modify the pedagogical approach as well as the content in a lesson. The significance and novelty of this research lie in the proposals to provide support for ADHD learners and assist them to overcome their academic weaknesses/challenges through appropriate pedagogically sound interventions. Therefore, in order to contribute to the development of a suitable pedagogical approach for children who diagnosed with ADHD, issues of having ADHD are discussed within the scope of the research. In this respect, an aetiological model of ADHD has been developed to identify different levels of impairments as well as to clarify areas in which educational pedagogies must address the limitations of ADHD learners. Early stage results described here consider evidence to determine the viability of two literature-based models, named the ‘6Ms pedagogy model’ and the ‘aetiological model of ADHD’. In identifying the need to explore an accurate pedagogical model for ADHD children, two models have been evaluated. The analysis is based on a combination of secondary analysis, qualitative, and quantitative data analysis, which covered data, collected from expert advice, including that from professionals, coaches, and teachers and from those involved in the education of learners with ADHD and parents. Evidence from findings on ADHD is married to a new model of pedagogy named the ‘7Ms pedagogy model’. The ADHD pedagogical model is then evaluated by SEN teachers serves to facilitate well-informed and targeted design decisions about pedagogy, which could provide children with support and help them overcome academic limitations. Keywords: Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder; 6Ms Pedagogy Model; 7Ms Pedagogy Model; learning theories; aetiological model; typically developing learners (TDLs); and special educational needs (SEN).

This paper presents 12 individual case studies representing three different psychiatric diagnoses: depression, schizophrenia, and phobia. The collected data suggests that aspects of each one of the disorders covered are somehow reflected in the dreams and dream existence of the patients. Based on repeated in-depth interviews (n=48) with each of the participants (n=12), it is clear that dream content often repeats in each individual. Further phenomenological and qualitative content analysis revealed repetition of characteristic dream content (feelings, phenomenon, and existentials) in each of the three groups. While more research is needed, the results suggest dream content could be a significant tool in establishing a diagnosis and in aiding the psycho-therapeutic process.

Žemlová, M.: Reality and dream. [Diploma thesis] Prague 2016 - Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Education, Art Education Department, p. 91, (annexes: two pieces of own art work) The subject of this thesis is an individual concept of the main theme - reality and dream. The author sees this theme through her own intensive experience, connecting it with the pedagogical practice and fine art. The thesis is divided into three parts, where the first, theoretical, discusses imaging of themes connected with a woman and motherhood, offering a parallel of the traditional male view and female concept of the present. The didactic part brings a search for the ideal way - dream - in an environment hostile to art education at private vocational school. The practical part presents the author's own art work reflecting her personal experience with motherhood. Key words: Reality, dream, art, mother, motherhood, parenthood, feminism, pedagogical practice

One of the reasons for writing this thesis was to help readers and theatregoers better understand Shepard's plays and to let them see, at least partly, his intentions. Yet, to ask for a straightforward explanation or an unambiguous ending would mean to completely misunderstand the author. Samuel Shepard the playwright, actor, director, screenwriter, poet and musician as well as a cowboy and shaman - "a New World shaman" - is anything but a piece of cake. To know this much might be enough unless you plan to translate or direct one of his plays. And for these very purposes, I have decided to prepare a roadmap for understanding Samuel Shepard Rogers III. My goal was to show three main influences that helped to form Shepard's style. First, we will travel with young Sam eastwards all the way to New York in order to discover a brave new world. Only fifteen years later, we will set the sails in the same direction again, this time to accompany an unheard-off success - an Off-Off- Broadway show moving from San Francisco to New York to be eventually awarded the Pulitzer Prize. Unfortunately, this child prodigy we came with is dying; indeed, it is already a Buried Child. After twenty more years, Shepard will revise the text and claim that "it's now a better play". That is where our analysis starts. First, we will...

The Fogdarp hoard from Scania in Sweden is an unusual deposit from the Late Bronze Age. Unlike similar hoards this was not found in a wetland, but was buried in the ground with a rock placed on top of it. Deposits in dry land have sometimes been considered to be a hiding place for a smith’s metalwork. But since the Fogdarp hoard contains ritual bronze objects, it has been called a ritual deposit. The aim of this paper is to investigate the Fogdarp hoard by using a landscape analysis. By doing so the study will contribute to the understanding of the hoards context, and why this hoard was buried and not deposited in a wetland. The landscape analysis shows that the hoard is buried closed to the water and in a ritual landscape on the edge of a valley. The discussion will also analyze the objects in this particular hoard: their symbolic value will be elaborated in the analysis. As a comparison, this paper includes other deposits from the Late Bronze Age. My interpretation of the objects in the Fogdarp hoard is that they are a part of the sun cult of the Nordic Bronze Age, where sun-goddess and the divine twins play an important role.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 419801.pdf: 963193 bytes, checksum: b8672ca14116da738f06d50680fc1435 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-07 / O ideal de justi?a ? o objetivo mais importante da organiza??o social, presente nos diferentes est?gios da hist?ria da humanidade. Sua fundamenta??o adquire maior vitalidade considerando as gritantes desigualdades que assolam as sociedades, caracterizadas pelo acelerado processo de globaliza??o. Ao mesmo tempo, ocorre um aumento sem precedentes da produ??o de bens, da inova??o tecnol?gica e da capacidade de comunica??o. Essa contradi??o amea?a a legitimidade e a estabilidade social, pol?tica, econ?mica e cultural, sendo respons?vel, em muitas situa??es, pelo desequil?brio das rela??es entre as pessoas e entre os pa?ses. O ordenamento social que prioriza o acesso aos bens, a maximiza??o da liberdade individual e avalia o agir humano e a organiza??o social pela sua utilidade ? insuficiente para a equaliza??o dos graves dilemas contempor?neos. Especificamente, as desigualdades simbolizadas na distribui??o dos bens, nas limitadas formas de participa??o pol?tica, na utiliza??o indiscriminada dos recursos dispon?veis e na defici?ncia ou inexist?ncia dos mecanismos e das institui??es democr?ticas demonstram a fragilidade das estruturas sociais, da mesma forma que impedem as condi??es para a justi?a. As diferen?as, por sua vez, s?o caracter?sticas que integram a din?mica da natureza, da a??o humana e do funcionamento da sociedade. Estas, ao contr?rio das desigualdades, dinamizam e contribuem para a evolu??o de uma organiza??o social equitativa. Desconsider?-las representaria a op??o por uma organiza??o social linear, o que exclui o valor moral substantivo da liberdade, essencial para a constru??o da justi?a. A Teoria da Justi?a de Amartya Sen, estruturada com base no valor moral substantivo da liberdade, ? decisiva para a implementa??o e a avalia??o da justi?a nas sociedades contempor?neas. Nessa perspectiva, as pessoas t?m as condi??es indispens?veis para o exerc?cio das liberdades substantivas, a escolha de um conjunto de funcionamentos essenciais para o desenvolvimento das capabilidades e, na condi??o de sujeito ativo, atuar em vista de uma estrutura social justa. A fundamenta??o filos?fica, integrada com a reflex?o das ci?ncias econ?micas, caracteriza uma abordagem com as condi??es de contemplar, al?m dos interesses individuais e coletivos, as condi??es indispens?veis para uma arquitetura social comprometida com os valores e os recursos da democracia que se consagrou como o sistema de organiza??o social, que, com seus m?ltiplos recursos e instrumentos, respeita, dinamiza e fortalece as diferen?as existentes no seu interior; corrige equitativamente as defici?ncias e as 6 desigualdades; administra as demandas internas e externas com vista ? efetiva??o da justi?a. Por isso, uma sociedade justa tamb?m ? livre, sustent?vel e democr?tica. O atual modelo de desenvolvimento, que prioriza essencialmente o crescimento econ?mico, o aumento da produ??o e do consumo, o acesso ?s novas tecnologias e a expans?o do com?rcio, n?o tem legitimidade moral porque limita a pessoa ? condi??o de meio para a realiza??o dos fins previamente planejados; utiliza indiscriminadamente os recursos naturais, sem a necess?ria avalia??o dos impactos e das consequ?ncias para o equil?brio ambiental e para as rela??es sociais, da mesma forma que inviabiliza as condi??es de exist?ncia segura das futuras gera??es. O modelo de desenvolvimento que prima pela sustentabilidade representa um ideal que impulsiona e orienta a estrutura??o das rela??es entre as pessoas, com os bens dispon?veis, os recursos naturais e as futuras gera??es de forma equitativa e orientado pelo valor moral substantivo da liberdade. A atua??o do Estado, do mercado e das demais institui??es, garantidas as suas especificidades, ocorre de forma integrada e complementar, aprimora a democracia e fortalece a constru??o da justi?a. Uma concep??o de justi?a que tem como refer?ncia o valor moral substantivo da liberdade tem especial preocupa??o com a estabilidade e a legitimidade das sociedades, representadas, prioritariamente, no atendimento das necessidades humanas, nas rela??es entre as diferentes culturas, no princ?pio de sustentabilidade, nas rela??es internacionais e na op??o e consolida??o da estrutura democr?tica, sem a qual n?o se podem fundamentar as condi??es de igualdade e de justi?a social.