Esta pesquisa se norteou pelo questionamento acerca do papel e da relevância da revista mensal piauí, criada em 2006 e que parece trafegar na contramão de uma tendência jornalística atual, a dos textos mais curtos e de notícias instantâneas. A revista retoma uma tradição de longas narrativas, as chamadas grandes reportagens, valorizando a história, os personagens e, por que não dizer, o talento do jornalista, ao invés de centrar forças na técnica e no texto conciso. Dessa forma, piauí exige uma outra percepção de seu leitor, uma outra formação, além de requerer dele uma outra disposição para apreender as informações contidas em suas narrativas, dedicando um tempo maior à leitura e assimilação do lido. Mas há outro ponto a ser levantado: diferentemente de outras revistas de informação, piauí não se pauta pela explicação, análise e interpretação dos \"grandes temas\" da sociedade ligados ao agendamento, e sim vai trabalhar a sua produção de sentido e mediação a partir de personagens, histórias de vida bem contadas, a curiosidade, o personagem-tipo (e típico) - além de se pautar no texto bem-humorado e, por muitas vezes, irônico. Ela procura trazer aspectos inusitados de um determinado fato, além de oferecer a seus leitores outras maneiras de se informar ou de adquirir conhecimento. Nesse caso se inserem os contos, poemas, quadrinhos e textos abertamente fictícios (apesar de alguns procurarem, num tom divertido, parecer \"factuais\") que a revista publica ao lado de perfis, grandes reportagens e notícias inusitadas. Por isso entendemos que piauí encontra forte identificação com três publicações: as brasileiras Senhor (1959-1964) e Realidade (1966-1976) e a americana The New Yorker (fundada em 1925), que também serão analisadas e comparadas nesta pesquisa. Para levarmos adiante este trabalho, definimos nosso campo de pesquisa nas primeiras 24 edições de piauí - ou seja, nos seus dois primeiros anos de existência, posto que normalmente este é o período necessário para uma nova publicação se estruturar (ou não), criar seu público leitor e estabelecer e fundamentar seus critérios editoriais. São analisadas suas principais seções e suas grandes reportagens, a fim de se estudar como se dá sua produção de sentido. A revista não é estudada aqui como formadora de opinião, mas principalmente como informadora de uma parcela específica da sociedade. / The present research is interested in the role and relevance of the monthly magazine piauí, released in the year 2006, apparently taking the opposite direction when compared to the mainstream journalism current tendency: shorter texts and instant newsflashes. The related magazine draws back to the tradition of long stories, the so called long-form reporting, privileging the narrative, its characters and, why not say, the journalist\'s individual talent instead of focusing on the technique and on producing a more concise text. Thus, piauí demands from the reader another perception and another background. It also sets on him another disposition to learn the information present on its narratives, implying a longer period of time to its reading and assimilation. But there is still another matter to be raised about the magazine: apart from other informative magazines, piauí is not guided by the intent of explaining, analyzing and interpreting the \"big social issues\" related the agenda-setting. It develops its sense-making and its mediation through characters, well told life stories, curiosity, character types (and typical) - besides being driven towards a well-humored and, sometimes, even ironic text. It usually presents unexpected perspectives on a given fact, besides providing its readers with different ways of acquiring information or gaining knowledge. In this sense, we understand the inclusion of tales, poems, comics and other openly fictional texts (although, in a funny way, some of them try to seem \"factual\") published by the magazine right by the side of profiles, long stories and some unusual news. That is why we find that piauí can be identified to three other media publications: the Brazilian Senhor (Sir) (1959-1964), Realidade (Reality) (1966-1976) and the American The New Yorker (founded in 1925), which will also be analyzed and contrasted against each other on this research. We have drawn the first 24 editions of piauí as our field of study in the development - its first two years of existence, considering such period as just the right amount of time necessary for a new publication to be established (or not), to relate to a reading audience and to establish and consolidate its editorial criteria. We analyze the main sections of the magazine and its long stories in the search for its sense-making process. The magazine is not taken here as an opinion maker, but mainly as an information provider to a specific sector of society.

Det är många före oss som valt att intressera sig för sensemaking, meningsskapande, i och runt organisationer. Det finns även mycket forskning om hur man bör gå tillväga och arbeta med sin meningsskapande process när man ställs inför en krissituation. Vår studie skiljer sig från tidigare forskning genom att vi mitt i samhällskrisen, studerar den meningsskapande processen. Ofta studeras resultatet av sensemaking snarare än processen och vi vill genom vår kvalitativa studie av ett digitalt möte titta närmre på hur sensemaking ter sig i ett specifikt möte, för att kunna se hur man arbetar med meningsskapande under en krissituation som COVID-19. Genom att delta i det digitala mötet “Ledarskap och entreprenörskap i samhällskrisen” fick vi chansen att uppleva, tolka och analysera hur den meningsskapande processen såg ut, där och då, och vad man kom fram till, det vill säga vilken mening som skapades där. Det vi såg genom vår tolkning av det digitala mötet var att man använde sig mycket av sensegiving och sensetaking, samt att erfarenheter och interaktion mellan individer stod i fokus under den meningsskapande processen. Man skapade mening med hjälp av varandra och den mening som skapades handlade mycket om att reducera osäkerhet och skaffa sig kontroll i den svåra situationen.

It has been clear for decades that climate change will lead to devastating consequences, and how these challenges should be addressed is being discussed on all levels of society. One example is the new EU Forest Strategy for 2030 which is a part of the European Union’s work to cope with the climate crisis. However, many of today’s transboundary and creeping crises are subject to challenges when agreeing on common strategies forward, such as the climate crisis. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the theories of sense making and meaning making can help in better understanding these challenges. By studying the disagreements between four Swedish actors and the European Commission on the new EU forest strategy for 2030, this thesis demonstrates a practical example of the challenges to address, in a coordinated fashion, climate change. The research is based on a case study approach with the theoretical framework including sense making and meaning making. The theoretical background is complemented by qualitative content analysis and qualitative semi-structured interviews. The results show that the perspectives from sense making and meaning making help better understand the difficulties in agreeing on common strategies to cope with the climate crisis, with the new EU Forest Strategy for 2030 as the example.

Beslutsfattande i organisationer är viktigt eftersom fel beslut kan leda till omfattande konsekvenser vilket påverkar organisationens konkurrensförmåga negativt. Under det senaste decenniet har organisationer börjat inse att också den kontext som de befinner sig i har en stor betydelse för hur de bör gå tillväga i sitt beslutsfattande. Det innebär att beslut kan behöva följa olika beslutsprocesser beroende på den specifika typ av kontext som organisationen befinner sig i för tillfället. En kontext kan tillexempel vara uppenbar vid ett specifikt tillfälle medan den kan vara komplicerad eller till och med komplex vid annat. För att öka möjligheterna att fatta rätt beslut behöver organisationer enklare modeller som hjälper dem att snabbt identifiera vilken typ av kontext som de befinner sig i. Sådana modeller gör att organisationerna enklare kan välja beslutsprocess och följaktligen fatta bättre beslut. Det saknas emellertid denna typ av enkel modell på marknaden. För att bidra med en lösning på detta problem är syftet med studien att designa en bedömningsmodell som ska underlätta för organisationer i IT-sektorn att lättare identifiera sin typ av kontext vid den tidpunkt beslutet behöver fattas. För att uppfylla syftet har vi valt att följa metoden Action Design Research (ADR) och gjort det tillsammans med en organisation inom IT-sektorn. Genom att följa metoden har vi iterativt utvecklat en modell med inspiration från teori och därefter utvärderat modellen i praktiken det vill säga (en riktig kontext) samtidigt som vi studerar teori. Resultatet är en färdig bedömningsmodell som bidrar till nytta för praktiken. Modellen fungerar vilket också bekräftas av praktiken vid utvärdering i praktiken.

This is a case study using qualitative methods to analyze how a first semester calculus student named Mark makes sense of the derivative and the role of the classroom practice in his understanding. Mark is a bright yet fairly average student who successfully makes sense of the derivative and retains his knowledge and understanding. The study takes place within a collaborative, student-centered, task-based classroom where the students are given opportunity to explore mathematical ideas such as rate of change and accumulation. Mark's sense making of the derivative is analyzed in light of his use of physics, Mark as a visual learner, the representations he used to make sense of the derivative using Zandieh's (2000) framework for representations of derivatives, and his conceptions of the limit over time. Classroom practice allowed Mark to exercise his agency and explore tasks in ways that were personally meaningful. The findings in this study contribute new details about how calculus students might solve tasks, develop strategies, and communicate with each other.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how vegetarians and vegans ascribe meaning to the process of changing from a meat-based to a plant-based diet. Using Brenda Dervin's sense-making methodology, I look into the complex and dynamic ways vegetarians and vegans experience their worlds. In contrast tomuch of mainstream research which regard vegetarians and vegans as static, the paper tries to answer the following questions: How can you understand vegetarians and vegans from the sense-making term”verbings? That is, how do vegetarians and vegans make and un-make sense during their changing process? What kind of contexts in form of inner and outer effect is and has been important in their making and un-making of sense? How do my interviewees in this particular moment in time and space seethemselves and their changing process in relation to the rest of society? The results presented are based on six semi-structured interviews influenced by sense-making's life-line method. Four interviews were conducted with vegetarians and two with vegans. Their age ranges from twenty to thirty two, and the amount of time they have been vegetarian or vegan range between eight months to eleven years. As shown in other studies, vegetarians and vegans are phenomenons that are more complex than mainstream research gives them credit for. My findings support this claim in concluding that my respondents use adiverse set of both internal and external hows to make sense of their vegetarianism and veganism. Forexample, internal in form of emotions and external in form of facts. Furthermore, my results may help to broaden our understanding of lifestyle changes beyond dietary, like going from a sedentary to an active life.

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Background: An ever-changing environment requires organizations such as universities to rapidly adaptto any new circumstances imposed by internal or external shocks. The role of rapid adaptation in virtualitybecomes crucial in times of crisis when organizations have to either adapt or risk collapse. Universities arethreatened by abrupt changes in their teaching routines due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and more that maycome. The process of transitioning to new teaching routines, short of social interaction, requires a multi-pronged response. Understanding routines, their rapid adaptation, the role of virtual tools and agencypresents a window of opportunity for responding to uncertainty. Aim: The aim of this study is to gain insights on how rapid adaptation occurs through the processes of routine re-adjustment, regeneration facilitated by the intellective processes of sense-making, collaboration,and knowledge transfer and sharing within organizations. Methodology: By conducting a qualitative case study, we investigated two universities in Sweden and Zimbabwe. The qualitative study is based on 15 interviews with teaching staff at Linköping University andthe University of Zimbabwe, conducted through semi-structured interviews. This study followed a processstudy approach to investigate how routines are adapted and the effect of artifacts in the adaptation processof teaching staff at universities. Findings: We posit that teaching staff from the two case universities contributed significantly to the rapid adaptation process. This was achieved through sense-making involving heuristic processes whenresponding to adjustment in online virtual teaching routines. This prevented the routine from collapsingand, instead, led to its adjustment. Some old teaching routines remained unchanged, thereby enabling theadjustment process. Artifacts (virtual tools) have also contributed to both constraining and enabling thetransition to new routines. The virtual tools used during the transition were few in number, with simplefunctionalities. Moreover, teaching staff committed themselves to quickly adapt and use the new virtualtools, even without prior knowledge, effectively making adaptation more rapid.

This research examines the sense-making activities of women who engage in intimate relationships with women following a significant period of heterosexual marriage. Using data gathered through interviews with 36 women, the study explores how subjects use common cultural ideas about sexuality to frame the stories they tell to explain their sexual histories. The idea that sexuality is something one is born with, rather than a choice is on the rise in the United States. This essentialist view in conjunction with cultural ideas about the timing at which sexuality is supposed to emerge implies that people should be "aware" of their sexuality at adolescence. For many of the women in the study that "normal" timing was not the case. In addition to the essentialist supposition is the notion the sexuality is binary. One is either heterosexual or one is the particular type of person known as the homosexual, a construct created in the 19th century that continues to be an important part of modern understandings of sexuality. Women who have spent significant time as heterosexuals and go on to have intimate relationships with women must contend with these cultural understandings as they try to make sense to themselves of a sexual story that seems to lie outside the bounds of that hegemonic narrative. Using modified grounded theory to analyze the collected interviews, four story types emerged. These four story types evinced different levels and types of commitment to the views of sexuality that exist in both the mainstream culture and the gay and lesbian community. They include "Always Knew" and "Retrospective" stories, which demonstrated a close commitment to the dominant narrative. The other two types - "Shifter" stories and "Left Fielder" stories - were more loosely connected to the ideas of essential and binary sexuality. As these stories emerged additional insights were provided in the form of the women's discussions of the impact of the social world in terms of lesbian invisibility, lesbian imagery, homophobia, and group or individual support for telling certain types of stories and/or taking on a lesbian identity. This study builds on, and adds to, scholarship in a number of areas. These include: narrative and identity; the social construction of sexuality; the changing nature of biography as people strive to make the past make sense of the present; and the influence of hegemonic cultural ideas in important areas of social and personal life. Additionally the study provides some insight into how heterosexuality is both a "goes without saying" sexuality route as well as a sometimes problematic achievement. / Sociology

Esports, or competitive video gaming competitions, have grown in popularity to have millions of global fans, spectators, and participants. Sport organizations, including leagues and teams, are increasingly affiliating, or dovetailing, with esports organizations. Although the meteoric rise of esports presents sport organizations with growth opportunities to connect with these markets, esports remain shrouded in uncertainty, stigma, and stereotypes that impede the convergence of industries. The growing affiliation between these two industries allows researchers to gain insight into the strategic actions of sport organizations despite the institutional constraints that influence their behavior. This dissertation includes three essays that address—with respect to esports—the (1) strategic resources and core competencies of sport organizations; (2) sensemaking of actors within sport organizations; and (3) institutional creation strategies within heavily regulated fields. Essay one consists of an explanatory, qualitative study of professional sport teams diversifying into the esports industry. As sport organizations mature, they will need to seek growth opportunities beyond their core industry and compete with formally tangentially related firms. The nascent esports industry has been embraced by sport organizations (e.g., leagues, teams), many of whom use existing resources and best practices from traditional sport to manage their esports property. This trend provides a salient context to identify how sport organizations are using their resources in a new marketspace and what they can provide to non-sport organizations. Guided by strategic management perspectives of the resource-based view (RBV), knowledge-based view (KBV), and resource orchestration (RO), the purpose of essay one is to examine how sport organizations leverage their core competencies to create a sustainable competitive advantage. The findings support the hypothesis that the existing resources of sport organizations such as physical venues and existing departments (e.g., legal, marketing, sales departments) are used to support sport organizations operations in the esports industry. Moreover, the findings identify that the tacit knowledge embedded in the human capital of sport organizations is a salient resource that helps them generate a competitive advantage against non-sport organizations. While tacit knowledge is a driver of competitive advantage, it is the supporting structures and departments that allows sport organizations to use this knowledge efficiently and effectively. Thus, by operating at the intersection of sport, entertainment, and media, sport organizations are increasingly competing with formally tangentially related firms, and can use their embedded resources and structure when competing with these firms. Essay two focuses on the integration of esports by a first-mover sport organization. Essay two employs an exploratory case study of the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball League (NBA) and their integration of an esports team. The 76ers were the first North American professional sports organization to purchase and integrate an esports team. Novel technologies and practices, such as esports, are surrounded by uncertainty and are generally met with resistance (Huber, 1990) with their integration contingent upon internal and external constituent support. Actors, individuals within the 76ers, had to position and garner support for esports, which are representative of the novel practices and technologies influencing the way sport organizations are managed. In essay two an institutional creation work perspective is linked with sensemaking and related constructs to examine how actors within the 76ers helped create and give meaning—sensemaking—to esports. The findings of essay two support how actors within the 76ers were able to foster a progressive culture to create a shared understanding of esports and use this understanding to influence the sensemaking of others—sensegiving. In particular, the 76ers linked the managerial components of operating a sports team to operating an esports team. Yet the 76ers were deliberate in their approach, limiting cross-promotions between the fanbases of the 76ers and their esports team. By connecting institutional creation work with sensemaking, essay two contributes to how actors can proactively take actions to garner constituent support. Moreover, the findings of essay two support that sensemaking is a critical antecedent of sensegiving, as a shared understanding within an organization is a necessary prerequisite to influence the sensemaking of others (i.e., sensegiving). Essay two provides actors within the field of sport integrating novel practices and activities (e.g., augmented and virtual reality, in-game sports betting, wearable fitness devices, mediated sports consumption) strategies to proactively garner support for their integration. Essay two focuses on the integration of esports by professional sport organizations. Essay three utilizes an exploratory qualitative approach to identify the institutional creation strategies associated with integrating collegiate esports programs within the heavily regulated field of U.S. collegiate athletics. The findings of essay three support how actors need to go beyond creating a shared understanding to integrate novel activities. Actors must also influence the cognitive schema of other actors to facilitate the integration of novel practices and activities. Specifically, they can build on the concept of sportification (Heere, 2018) to both communicate and present esports in a manner consistent with traditional sports, using the concept of sport as a legitimizing agent. Collectively, the three essays support how sport organizations can seize growth opportunities with respect to their institutional environment. Sport organizations must recognize their institutional confines, but also can be strategic in their actions by focusing on their financial performance and sustainability in lieu of their constraints. This research contributes to a deeper understanding regarding how the institutional and strategic concerns of sport organizations influence their efficient and effective management. The research lays a foundation for a stream of future research on the strategic growth and long-term viability of sport organizations both within and beyond the esports industry. / Tourism and Sport