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This study asks the question; "How can playing a series of games be considered a continuous experience, rather than isolated experiences?". By asking this question, this study aims to enable game design evaluation from a new perspective, using HCI tools and theories. There is a qualitative study of a sequel game, interviewing players from a GameFlow perspective. Answers are compared to reveal differences based on thei rexperience with previous games in the series. This is done to see if looking at game design through new perspectives opens up for new context-based design opportunities. Design opportunities are analysed from an activity theory perspective, to not only uncover issues, but also explain them. By doing so, this study shows that it is possible to consider a sequelto a game a continuous experience, and that taking this into account during game design opens up for new opportunities.

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Introdução: As lesões e mortes por acidentes de transporte terrestre vêm se distribuindo de forma genérica em todo mundo, tornaram-se alvo de grande preocupação. Isso ocorre porque é expressivo o número de vítimas acidentadas que chegam a óbito e, em número maior, as que ficam internadas, necessitando de um serviço de saúde especializado, muitas vezes com sequelas e traumas físicos que persistirão por um longo período ou até mesmo pela vida inteira. Objetivos: Identificar características relativas ao acidente e à vítima e sua associação com lesões e sua gravidade, além de sequelas/incapacidades e suas consequências decorrentes de acidentes de transporte terrestre ocorridos no Município de Rio Branco Acre. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico-descritivo, realizado no Município de Rio Branco Acre. A população do estudo foi composta por 405 vítimas de acidentes de transporte terrestre residentes no Município, de todas as faixas etárias e sexo, que estiveram internadas pela primeira vez em decorrência do acidente, em hospitais públicos e de assistência da rede do Sistema Único de Saúde, conforme registro no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar e que tiveram alta entre 1º de janeiro e 31 de dezembro de 2010. Consulta aos prontuários hospitalares e busca ativa das vítimas constituíram as fontes de dados utilizadas. Regressão logística hierárquica foi realizada para avaliar os fatores associados à gravidade do trauma e às sequelas. Resultados: Maior parte da população do estudo correspondeu a vítimas motociclistas (68,6 por cento ), do sexo masculino e de idade jovem na fase de adulto I (20 a 39 anos). Quanto aos fatores associados à gravidade do trauma, presença de lesão cerebrocraniana e presença de lesão de tórax/abdome/múltipla apresentaram-se significativamente associados (OR=7,32; IC95 por cento =3,47-15,46 e OR=5,76; IC95 por cento =2,54-13,06, respectivamente). Ter ficado internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e passado mais que dez dias internados mostraram-se significativamenteassociados com a gravidade do trauma, expondo uma razão de chances quatro e três vezes de ter apresentado um trauma grave independente do tipo de acidente. Em relação ao desfecho sequelas, mostraram-se associados significativamente: fatores relativos à presença de limitação de atividade pós- acidente (OR=2,39; 2,39-6,76), tempo de internação em dias (OR=1,03; 1,01-1,06) e tratamento cirúrgico (OR=1,82; 1,03-3,21). Entre aqueles que apresentaram lesão de partes moles e nervos e lesão facial e de anexo evidenciou-se uma razão de chance de duas e quatro vezes de serem portadores de alguma sequela/incapacidades, independentemente da qualidade de vítima. Conclusão: Lesões de cabeça e de tórax contribuem de forma significativa para o incremento da gravidade do trauma, o mecanismo como esses padrões de lesão se originam explicam os fatores de exposição apresentados por cada qualidade de vítima e suas características. O mesmo fato aplica-se às lesões precursoras de sequelas/incapacidades que, pela sua natureza e proporção são capazes de modificar padrões de vida aparentemente saudáveis de vítimas jovens que rotineiramente são lesionadas no fluxo viário. Diante disso, políticas públicas de prevenção devem ser formuladas, reformuladas e implementadas levando em consideração cada qualidade de vítima e suas condições sociais, as quais estão intimamente relacionadas a seus hábitos e costumes, sendo esse, ponto e meio de partida para promoção de mudanças capazes de modificar a realidade com que se apresentam os acidentes de transporte terrestre na morbidade e mortalidade da população / Introduction: Injuries and deaths from road traffic accidents are being distributed in a generic way throughout the world have become target of great concern. This occurs because a significant number of victims who gets to death and more those who are hospitalized needing a specialized health service, often with sequels and physical traumas that will persist for a long period of time or even the whole of life. Objectives: To identify characteristics relating the accident and the victim and their association with lesions and its severity, sequels/incapacities and their consequences of land transport accidents that occurred in the city of Rio Branco Acre- Brazil. Methods: This is a transversal study analytical-descriptive conducted in the city of Rio Branco - Acre. The study population was composed of 405 victims of terrestrial transport accidents residents in the municipality, of all age groups and sex who were hospitalized for the first time due the accident, in a public hospital of Unified Health System, according to the registered from the Hospital Information System and who were discharged between January 1 and December 31, 2010. Consultation of hospital records and active search of the victims were sources of data used. Logistic regression hierarchical was performed to evaluate the factors associated to the severity of trauma and the sequels. Results: Most of the population of the study corresponded to motorcyclists victims (68.6 per cent ), were males and young age in adult phase I (20-39 years). As for the factors associated with trauma severity, presence of cerebrum-cranial injury and presence of thoracic injury / abdomen / multiple were significantly associated (OR = 7.32, 95 per cent CI 3.47 to 15.46 and OR = 5.76 , 95 per cent CI 2.54-13.06 respectively). Have been hospitalized in the Intensive Therapy Unit and spent more than ten days interned were significantly associated with the severity of trauma exposing a chance of four to three times of having presented grave trauma independent of the type of accident. On relation \"sequels\", demonstrated significantly associated: factors relative the presence of activity limitation postaccident, time of hospitalization, surgical treatment were significant with (OR = 2.39; 2.39-6.76); internment period in days (OR = 1.03; 1.01-1.06) and surgical treatment (OR = 1.82; 1.03-3.21). Among those who presented soft parts lesions and nerves and facial injury and annex was evidenced an odds ratio of two to four times be bearers of any sequel/incapacity independent of quality of the victim. Conclusion: injuries to the head and chest, contribute significantly to increase the severity of the trauma, the mechanism how these lesion patterns originates explain the exposure factors of each quality of victim and their characteristics. The same fact applies to precursor lesions of sequels / incapacities that by its nature and proportion are able to modify patterns of life apparently healthy young victims who routinely are injured in road flow. Moreover, preventive public politics should be formulated, reformulated and implemented considering each quality of victim and their social conditions, which are closely related to their habits and customs being this point and means of departure for promotion of changes able to modify the reality present in terrestrial transport accidents in the morbidity and mortality of the population

Hollywood: The Sequel provides an historical account of film sequelization and its importance to the domestic entertainment industry from a marketing standpoint. Based on an extensive literature revenue, it was conjectured that the ratio of domestic sequel‐generated revenue to overall domestic revenue from the 1950s‐2000s would follow a classic diffusion pattern. Utilizing historical trade data from Variety magazine, Excel and SPSS databases were developed to determine the percentage of sequel‐generated domestic box office revenue from 1954‐2006, relative to overall revenue. The formal hypothesis was that from the 1950s‐2000s the adoption of sequels in the 70‐highest‐performing films follows a diffusion s‐curve. The goodness‐of‐fit of the historical dataset (N=3,710) with the s‐curve estimation‐algorithm was measured against the goodness‐of‐fit of other widely utilized curve estimation‐algorithms and the linear‐regression model— the curve estimation algorithms utilized included logarithmic, inverse, quadratic, cubic, compound, power, growth, exponential, and logistic. Several content‐analysis intensive research questions were asked and explored in the dissertation including the following: Do Epstein‐scores for sequels in the 70‐highest‐performing titles per year increase from the 1950s‐2000s? In the event Epstein‐scores for sequels in the 70‐highestperforming titles per year increase from the 1950s‐2000s, what growth model provides the best fit with the historical data? What is the growth rate associated with minority representation in lead roles in sequels from the 1950s‐2000s? How have sequels with minority leads fared in terms of box office performance, versus sequels overall from the 1950s‐2000s? What is the growth rate associated with female representation in lead roles in sequels from the 1950s‐2000s? And, finally, how have sequels with female leads fared in terms of box office performance, versus sequels overall from the 1950s‐2000s? / text

Introdução: As lesões e mortes por acidentes de transporte terrestre vêm se distribuindo de forma genérica em todo mundo, tornaram-se alvo de grande preocupação. Isso ocorre porque é expressivo o número de vítimas acidentadas que chegam a óbito e, em número maior, as que ficam internadas, necessitando de um serviço de saúde especializado, muitas vezes com sequelas e traumas físicos que persistirão por um longo período ou até mesmo pela vida inteira. Objetivos: Identificar características relativas ao acidente e à vítima e sua associação com lesões e sua gravidade, além de sequelas/incapacidades e suas consequências decorrentes de acidentes de transporte terrestre ocorridos no Município de Rio Branco Acre. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico-descritivo, realizado no Município de Rio Branco Acre. A população do estudo foi composta por 405 vítimas de acidentes de transporte terrestre residentes no Município, de todas as faixas etárias e sexo, que estiveram internadas pela primeira vez em decorrência do acidente, em hospitais públicos e de assistência da rede do Sistema Único de Saúde, conforme registro no Sistema de Informação Hospitalar e que tiveram alta entre 1º de janeiro e 31 de dezembro de 2010. Consulta aos prontuários hospitalares e busca ativa das vítimas constituíram as fontes de dados utilizadas. Regressão logística hierárquica foi realizada para avaliar os fatores associados à gravidade do trauma e às sequelas. Resultados: Maior parte da população do estudo correspondeu a vítimas motociclistas (68,6 por cento ), do sexo masculino e de idade jovem na fase de adulto I (20 a 39 anos). Quanto aos fatores associados à gravidade do trauma, presença de lesão cerebrocraniana e presença de lesão de tórax/abdome/múltipla apresentaram-se significativamente associados (OR=7,32; IC95 por cento =3,47-15,46 e OR=5,76; IC95 por cento =2,54-13,06, respectivamente). Ter ficado internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e passado mais que dez dias internados mostraram-se significativamenteassociados com a gravidade do trauma, expondo uma razão de chances quatro e três vezes de ter apresentado um trauma grave independente do tipo de acidente. Em relação ao desfecho sequelas, mostraram-se associados significativamente: fatores relativos à presença de limitação de atividade pós- acidente (OR=2,39; 2,39-6,76), tempo de internação em dias (OR=1,03; 1,01-1,06) e tratamento cirúrgico (OR=1,82; 1,03-3,21). Entre aqueles que apresentaram lesão de partes moles e nervos e lesão facial e de anexo evidenciou-se uma razão de chance de duas e quatro vezes de serem portadores de alguma sequela/incapacidades, independentemente da qualidade de vítima. Conclusão: Lesões de cabeça e de tórax contribuem de forma significativa para o incremento da gravidade do trauma, o mecanismo como esses padrões de lesão se originam explicam os fatores de exposição apresentados por cada qualidade de vítima e suas características. O mesmo fato aplica-se às lesões precursoras de sequelas/incapacidades que, pela sua natureza e proporção são capazes de modificar padrões de vida aparentemente saudáveis de vítimas jovens que rotineiramente são lesionadas no fluxo viário. Diante disso, políticas públicas de prevenção devem ser formuladas, reformuladas e implementadas levando em consideração cada qualidade de vítima e suas condições sociais, as quais estão intimamente relacionadas a seus hábitos e costumes, sendo esse, ponto e meio de partida para promoção de mudanças capazes de modificar a realidade com que se apresentam os acidentes de transporte terrestre na morbidade e mortalidade da população / Introduction: Injuries and deaths from road traffic accidents are being distributed in a generic way throughout the world have become target of great concern. This occurs because a significant number of victims who gets to death and more those who are hospitalized needing a specialized health service, often with sequels and physical traumas that will persist for a long period of time or even the whole of life. Objectives: To identify characteristics relating the accident and the victim and their association with lesions and its severity, sequels/incapacities and their consequences of land transport accidents that occurred in the city of Rio Branco Acre- Brazil. Methods: This is a transversal study analytical-descriptive conducted in the city of Rio Branco - Acre. The study population was composed of 405 victims of terrestrial transport accidents residents in the municipality, of all age groups and sex who were hospitalized for the first time due the accident, in a public hospital of Unified Health System, according to the registered from the Hospital Information System and who were discharged between January 1 and December 31, 2010. Consultation of hospital records and active search of the victims were sources of data used. Logistic regression hierarchical was performed to evaluate the factors associated to the severity of trauma and the sequels. Results: Most of the population of the study corresponded to motorcyclists victims (68.6 per cent ), were males and young age in adult phase I (20-39 years). As for the factors associated with trauma severity, presence of cerebrum-cranial injury and presence of thoracic injury / abdomen / multiple were significantly associated (OR = 7.32, 95 per cent CI 3.47 to 15.46 and OR = 5.76 , 95 per cent CI 2.54-13.06 respectively). Have been hospitalized in the Intensive Therapy Unit and spent more than ten days interned were significantly associated with the severity of trauma exposing a chance of four to three times of having presented grave trauma independent of the type of accident. On relation \"sequels\", demonstrated significantly associated: factors relative the presence of activity limitation postaccident, time of hospitalization, surgical treatment were significant with (OR = 2.39; 2.39-6.76); internment period in days (OR = 1.03; 1.01-1.06) and surgical treatment (OR = 1.82; 1.03-3.21). Among those who presented soft parts lesions and nerves and facial injury and annex was evidenced an odds ratio of two to four times be bearers of any sequel/incapacity independent of quality of the victim. Conclusion: injuries to the head and chest, contribute significantly to increase the severity of the trauma, the mechanism how these lesion patterns originates explain the exposure factors of each quality of victim and their characteristics. The same fact applies to precursor lesions of sequels / incapacities that by its nature and proportion are able to modify patterns of life apparently healthy young victims who routinely are injured in road flow. Moreover, preventive public politics should be formulated, reformulated and implemented considering each quality of victim and their social conditions, which are closely related to their habits and customs being this point and means of departure for promotion of changes able to modify the reality present in terrestrial transport accidents in the morbidity and mortality of the population

Rédigée dans la première moitié du XIIIe siècle, la Suite Vulgate est une continuation du Merlin en prose qui constitue la dernière pièce du cycle du Graal. Partagée entre le déroulement de la vie de Merlin, qui lui donne une unité de type biographique, et la peinture de la jeunesse héroïque du roi Arthur, cette suite rétrospective sert de transition vers le Lancelot. Son succès s'affirme aux dépens d'autres continuations du Merlin dont la transmission manuscrite semble par comparaison marginale, et dont le projet demeure parfois inabouti. Ces différentes rédactions exposent la dynamique d'écriture et l'émulation suscitées par le développement de la prose arthurienne et l'effort de mise en cycle. L'étude de la mise en recueil, de la mise en page et de l'illustration des manuscrits comprenant le Merlin et ses suites éclaire le mode de production et de réception de ces oeuvres qui continuent d'être copiées et enluminées tout au long du Moyen Age. Le Merlin et la Suite Vulgate, le plus souvent intégrés à des compilations centrées sur l'histoire du Graal, entretiennent un lien particulier avec le Joseph d'Arimathie, l'Estoire del saint Graal et les Prophéties de Merlin, mais circulent aussi dans des recueils d'ambition didactique ou historique. Si l'écriture de la Suite Vulgate favorise l'intégration cyclique du Merlin propre, ces textes et leurs programmes iconographiques développent une veine militaire et historique qui interroge leur appartenance générique et tranche avec l'orientation religieuse ou courtoise des autres oeuvres de la Vulgate arthurienne. / The Vulgate Sequel to the French prose Merlin was composed in the first half of the XIIIth century and is the last piece of the Grail cycle. It creates a wider story encompassing the life of Merlin and the beginnings of King Arthur’s reign and serves as a prequel to the prose Lancelot. The Vulgate Sequel is the most widespread, but the existence of different sequels demonstrates the poetic dynamism and the rivalry produced by the development of Arthurian prose romances and their cyclification. Our study of the manuscript collections including Merlin and its sequels, of their mise en page and illuminations sheds new lights on the production and reception of works which were copied throughout the Middle Ages. Merlin and its Sequel are mostly transmitted in compilations focusing on the history of the Grail: they have a particular relationship to the Joseph of Arimathia, the Estoire del saint Graal and the Prophecies of Merlin. In some manuscripts, Merlin and its Sequel are copied with texts which do not belong to the Arthurian tradition, such as hagiographies or pastoral works, demonstrating their religious and didactic interest. Other compilations stress their historical and chivalric aspect. The Vulgate Sequel and its illumination accentuate the historical aspect of Merlin while giving an epic flavour to the beginnings of King Arthur's reign. This spirit might contradict the perspective of its integration in the romance Vulgate cycle, but it echoes the missionary dimension of the Estoire del saint Graal and resonates with the military conflicts of Lancelot and of the Mort le roi Artu.

近年來，被評價為《西遊記》價值最高的續書《西遊補》的相關研究愈來愈受到重視，從兩岸對於《西遊補》的幾次再版，以及期刊論文數量的增加等種種現象表明，越来越多學者認為像《西遊補》這樣的作品是具有經典化的可能性。對於《西遊補》的重視，起源於海外漢學界對《西遊補》的高度評價。在1986年出版的《印第安那傳統中國文學指南》中，倪豪士把《西遊補》和《西遊記》分別以獨立詞條的形式呈現。也就是說，《西遊補》是被當作獨立的傳統中國文學作品加以介紹，而不是作為《西遊記》的附庸。這樣的安排，展現出一種對於《西遊補》的文學地位的認定。其它例如高辛勇、白保羅的研究同樣也注意到了《西遊補》的價值不僅僅只能在「西遊故事」的脈絡中被認識，而是具有有別於所有中國古典小說的美學特質。但是，在以中文為主要語言的學術社群當中《西遊補》卻始終沒有作為一部獨立的文學作品被重視。至今沒有博士論文或專著討論過它。這樣的現象本身向我們說明了一個事實，《西遊補》是否取得文學史上的獨立地位，是決定於學術研究典範的框架。 本論文認為，《西遊補》之所以沒有被賦予獨立的地位，和現有流行的「續書研究」理論是密切相關的。當代的「續書研究」受到西方的接受理論以及讀者反應理論啟發，很大程度上關注明清文人對於續書的普遍評價。但是，研究者並沒有將明清文人的評價當成研究對象本身，反而是直接接受或者認同了他們的評價。例如，李漁、劉廷璣的著名評價。而這些早期的批評對於後世的影響深遠。到了當代，研究者看待續書，也基本是以傳統的「文學史觀」加以評判。正因如此續書一直是屬於經典文本的附庸，它的文學地位始終處於弱勢。但這種評判的標準是怎麼來的，卻很少被認真注意到，更不用談去檢視這種評價標準的可靠性。本論文推測，現有的「續書研究」存在著研究框架上的盲點。 本論文藉由分析明末清初三部以「西遊故事」為主題衍生而成的小說提出現有的「續書研究」理論可能存在著的幾個主要的問題： 第一，底本問題。在其它文學研究領域，如文學選集的編纂、編輯等問題，認定確鑿的底本這件事非常重要。可是，到了「續書研究」領域，底本問題卻通常被懸置。以《西遊記》為例，因為《西遊記》本身經歷了非常複雜的流衍過程，所以《西遊記》的每一部續書究竟依照的是哪一個底本進行再創作，並不清楚。它可能的確是以世德堂本作為定本，也可能是當代的研究者約定俗成以世德堂本作為比較的基準。這一研究盲點並非不會帶來問題。例如經過陳速的考證，《續西遊記》依據的底本可能是一部已經散失的古本《西遊》，它早於世德堂本《西遊記》。《續西遊記》的普遍評價不高，這是相對於原著而言，也相對於其它續作而言的。但是，如果連底本都不統一，那基於不同的底本，文學比較的標準又如何產生呢？這是「續書研究」在預設上，首先可能遭遇的問題。 第二，就原著與續書的關聯性而言，「續書研究」的視野從一開始就假定原著跟續書之間，以及續書跟續書之間一定存在著競爭關係。這裡的競爭關係，表現為一種以原著為中心的意義上的「連貫性」。只有當兩個文本之間，預先被假定為存在著意義上的「開始」以及「接續」這樣的連貫關係，才有所謂的「原著」和「續書」的分別。而，這種意義的「連貫性」讓喜愛原著的讀者們以原著為中心，為續書進行價值評定。長期以來，這種基於預設的連貫性而使用的比較方法，影響到了所謂的續書作為一部獨立文學作品的價值認定。以《西遊記》續書中評價最高的《西遊補》為例，朱陳曼麗指出過往的評論過於聚焦於續書與原著的連貫性。而且續書在文學史上的弱勢地位則是會進一步讓續書的價值長期隱蔽不彰。朱陳曼麗提出，續書的弱勢地位影響了我們對於整體續書文學價值的認定，這一點很有意義。但是，朱陳曼麗為了將《西遊補》的地位獨立出來，而批評過往評論家將《西遊補》與董說的佛教背景過度聯結，本論文認為，《西遊補》雖然脫胎於西遊故事，可是它同樣可能是「僧人記夢」系統的重要代表作。如果只將它看做是《西遊記》的續作，就很可能忽略了它在其它書寫脈絡中的重要意義。《圓覺經》、《心經》、《雲山夢語》與《西遊補》之間存在密切的關係，對於這一層關係的認知，迫使我們必須把《西遊補》放置於另一個書寫系統當中來評價。而這剛好是挑戰了我們從前所預設的《西遊補》和《西遊記》之間的意義連貫性。通過廖肇亨、徐聖心、林順夫的研究路徑可以看到「僧人記夢」這個這一研究領域本身所具有的廣闊的可能性，而《西遊補》會是這一新研究課題當中的重要文本。在續書研究視野中居於次要地位的續作，在去除與原著的連貫性之後，其實是另一條研究路徑中的核心文本。它的價值該如何判斷？以現有的續書研究的視野，其實是沒有辦法處理這樣的問題。 第三，關於續書生產以及消費動力的問題。黃衛總在《狗尾續貂》這一部「續書研究」的重要論文選本當中，提出了續書研究的兩個基本問題：儘管作為文學類型而言「續書」的名聲並不好，是什麼鼓勵寫作者去寫作續書？知道和原書比較而言，續書不免令人失望已經是一個普遍的共識，那麼又是什麼促使讀者還去閱讀續書？所有的續書討論即使不能解決這些問題，但至少應該回應到這兩個問題。但是，目前為止，並沒有足夠令人滿意的回應。 當代研究者試圖通過其它的研究方法來解決上述的續書研究框架的問題。例如，借用神話、人類學的「群落」意識或者是文化研究中的「互文性」的研究視野來看待續書現象，但是，文本畢竟是產品而不是具有主體意識的人，而「互文性」關照的是文本相互交織指涉的現象。這個概念雖然在表面上打破了文本之間的不平等，顛覆了以所謂的原作為中心的研究方法，但是，實質上「互文性」並不處理文本為什麼會產生的問題。而這一問題恰恰是「續書研究」的視野所關心的，卻是「續書研究」的研究框架所難以回答的。換句話說，這些研究角度與其說是解決了續書研究中的底本問題、關聯性問題以及生產及消費動力的問題，不如說是在某種程度上迴避了這些問題。但是，迴避並不意味問題不存在。為了回應這些問題，本論文提出了「再書寫」的概念。 在論文的第一部分，本論文提出了「再書寫」的概念，來暫時取代以往「續書研究」中的「續書」一詞，也借用源於翻譯學的「元文本」概念來取代有問題的「底本」概念。使用「再書寫」這個詞，因為它不僅僅包含了續寫、補入、改寫等形式的對於「元文本」的改造和延伸，也更強調對於再書寫者的寫作動機、寫作策略以及，最重要的，寫作動力的觀照。 在第二、三、四部分，本論文分別討論了《西遊補》、《續西遊記》、《後西遊記》這三部明末清初的小說。這三部以「西遊故事」為中心的小說能為「續書研究」帶來的思考可以分幾個方面： 首先，「再書寫」的動機未必只是以往「續書研究」所概括的「取其易行」，內容上並不只是對於「元文本」情節和角色的進行改造或補充，效應上也不只是為了發揮「情志補憾」的功能。事實上，再書寫是藉由人們熟悉的故事遂行新的書寫策略，例如《西遊補》補入的懷古書寫、僧人記夢、彈詞；《續西遊記》中嚴格去除暴力的構思；以及《後西遊記》植入了「歷史符碼」以及「商業語境」。再書寫也可能呈現了語言層面上有意圖的操作，譬如這幾個文本中所出現的大量的語詞重複、一詞多義、意義借挪等等語言現象。以往的「續書研究」視域尚未具有容納理解這些意圖和方法的空間，以至於「續書」獨立的文學價值沒有能夠獲得足夠的重視。 本論文透過分析《西遊補》所處理的原著與續書的「連續性」的問題，以及透過分析《續西遊記》所處理的底本問題，都回應了對於現有「續書研究」模式的質疑。而對於以《後西遊記》和《西遊補》為代表的語言現象的探究，也是試圖從語言問題發展出「續書研究」的新角度。本論文嘗試對現有「續書研究」提出的建議是，可以藉由「語言」——也就是故事表達形式作為研究方法，取代基於傳統的文學史觀的研究方法。因為，表達形式既沒有價值排序的問題，也沒有主次的問題，不存在競爭關係。以這樣的方式來研究「續書」，或許更能夠注意到作品獨立的文學價值。過去學者已經指出，「續書」現象發生於世代交替的時間段。這個現象不再能夠只以出版發展、商業需求、娛樂功能等因素來解釋。續書本身就是一種「語言」現象，續書內容也記錄了世代交替之時，寫作者對於語詞的使用方式。這對於我們探尋「續書」存在、繁榮的真正原因可能會有幫助。在續書中所出現的新的語言現象，可能可以回應到寫作續書的動機，也可能回應到閱讀續書的動機。這對於我們探尋「續書」存在、繁榮的真正原因可能會有幫助。 本論文的預期成果及貢獻，主要有以下幾點： （一） 反思並重新思考現有「續書研究」的知識建構。 （二） 提出「續書研究」所必須面對的「底本」不統一的問題。 （三） 指出「續衍」作品與原著之間，「續衍」作品彼此之間的價值競爭關係並無根據。 （四） 從類型而言，《西遊補》與《西遊記》的關係並不密切，卻與《雲山夢語摘要》等佛教書寫中僧人記夢的文體更密切。 （五） 從「暴力」敘事角度而言，《續西遊記》獨立於《西遊記》、《西遊補》、《後西遊記》的書寫系統，是唯一真正反暴力的「西遊故事」。《後西遊記》則為「西遊故事」的「暴力書寫」增添了金錢與性的面向。 （六） 通過詞頻分析，字詞配置，語詞意義的大量變異與替代現象，可以反思「再書寫」作為文學策略和文學意圖的研究立場，足可作為文學史觀之下的「續書研究」所補充。 （七） 中文研究領域少有提及的海外文獻譯介。 （八） 《楝花磯隨筆》抄錄、校註。 / The thesis aims to analyze the three sequels of the Xiyouji in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, including Xiyoubu, Xuxiyouji, and Houxiyouji. From the perspective of recreation writing, this study explores the relationship between sequel works and the existing framework of sequel theory. Based on close reading of the text, the research discards the literary value order based on previous literary historical views, instead, it reconsiders the literary value of sequel writing culture in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty in terms of linguistics. The reconsidering of the issue recreation writing derives from the query of the existing theoretical framework in previous sequel studies. Specifically, I explore: 1) the ways in which sequels have a competitive relationship with an un-unified parent novel; 2) the intensive relationships that sequels with different writing systems have in terms of intertextuality. This study argues that recreation writing not only refers to the transformation and extension of meta-text (i.e. sequel, supplement, and rewriting), but also contains the selection of genre. The trend of recreation writing, which always emerges as a bottom-up literary expression during transition period between dynastiesan interregnum, have established a series of narrative modes including comment, interpretation, and replacement. Moreover, recreation writing develops broader possibilities of understanding the parent text compared to what the existing sequel studies have observed: it concentrates more on investigations of literary strategies as well as linguistic elements. Further, the distinctiveness of xiyou story attributes to its unique literary expression: the sequel anxiety observed in the three sequel novels does not stem from readership, but rather novel researchers, which differentiates these works from other sequels that based on historical views. On the other hand, the everlasting trend of recreation writing makes contemporary researchers, who are currently experiencing the recreation of different parent texts, to rethink the genuine intention of sequel culture, which leads back to the two fundamental questions within sequel studies: 1) the reasons authors are encouraged to write sequels despite of the low reputation they will bring; 2) the reasons readers are inspired to read sequel novels even if they are always regarded as disappointing. In exploring these questions, this study attempts to provide a comprehensive understanding of recreation writing in five chapters: Chapter One (Xiyou story and Recreation writing) begins with the research motivation based on the definition of recreation writing, clarifying the difference between “mastery copy”/ “meta text”, “sequel studies”/ “recreation writing studies”, as well as the term “intertexuality”. Also, basic conceptual explanations of recreation writing, not only as a means of writing, but also as an issue of language, will be included in this chapter. Chapter Two (Recreation writing of Xiyoubu) develops a semantic analysis of Xiyoubu from the framework of character, language, and cognition, which is absent in previous Chinese literature studies. I attempt to explore the linguistic features of Xiyoubu in certain plots such as religious trial, visual cognition, as well as Buddhist and dreams. Chapter Three (Recreation writing of Xuxiyouji) presents that Xuxiyouji, as one of the most typical sequels which poses a significant question to the issue of master copy, has challenged the comparative analysis of literary value in traditional sequel studies which are mainly rooted in literary historical views. This chapter finds that the literature debate arisen in 2010 reflected the influence of “human mind” in the terrain of recreation writing. The “replacement” and “anti-writing” created by Xuxiyouji resort to an anti-violence stance in contrast to Xiyouji, Xiyoubu, and Houxiyouji. Chapter Four (Recreation writing of Houxiyouji) moves on to the sequel analysis of Houxiyouji. I demonstrate that the recreation writing strategy the sequel takes is “self-degradation”, which not only accomplishes a sense of secularization, but also takes into account the “historical mind” and “commercial context”. Chapter Five is the concluding chapter, where I summarise key findings and contribution to: 1) rethinking about the knowledge constitution of existing sequel studies, 2) raising the question of un-unified master copy which is inevitable for sequel studies, 3) pointing out that there is no evidence of competitive relationship that exists between sequels and parent text, neither among different sequels, 4) arguing that in terms of genre, Xiyoubu does not develop a close connection with Xiyouji, but rather it is more related to Buddhist writings such as 雲山夢語摘要, 5) demonstrating that in terms of violence narrative, Xuxiyouji is independent from the writing system that Xiyouji, Xiyoubu, and Houxiyouji follow, which makes it the only anti-violence Xiyou story, while Houxiyouji adds elements as money and sex into its violence narrative, 6) finding a large amount of “transformation” and “replacement” of word use according to the analysis of word frequency and word configuration, which helps to reflect that the research stance of recreation writing as a kind of literary strategy and intention is able to supplement the literary historical view based sequel studies, 7) translation of oversea literature that is seldom mentioned in Chinese relating studies, 8) transcribing and collating of楝花磯隨筆.

《金瓶梅》續書包括《續金瓶梅》、《隔簾花影》、《三續金瓶梅》以及《金屋夢》四部小說，它們雖是依據續衍對象而被收編於同一續書群體之內，但卻各有其回應原著、前作以及時代的姿態，呈現出殊異的面貌，可說是各以不同角度在閱讀、傳播與書寫過程中展開對創作、批評的思辯。而本文即是針對此批橫跨有清一代的《金瓶梅》續書群進行個別的書寫現象考察，指出小說續書因立足於原著以及其他續書之上，在回應原著之餘，也與先前的續書有所聯繫，閱讀前作所可能產生的競爭／遊戲心態，使小說的字裡行間除了反映其時的審美效應之外，亦不時地顯露出高度自覺的創作、思考痕跡，具有「後設」的況味，而此正是本文聚焦之所在。 在章節安排上，第二章是以清初丁耀亢的《續金瓶梅》為對象，由於其體例特殊，又具鮮明的易代色彩，故此章由丁耀亢的創作意識及文類意識切入，從創作者的多重身分與視角、情節正文與邊緣文字，乃至於結合當時的社會、歷史背景以觀，以一種主、客體間交互作用的觀照來詮解《續金瓶梅》的書寫現象，把握其文本特質與後設思維。第三章則以傳播、接受的角度切入，分析據《續金瓶梅》增刪而成的兩部續書——《隔簾花影》及《金屋夢》，由增刪的內容來尋索在清初以及清末民初這兩個截然不同時空下，刪改本對原著和之前續書的接受，探求隱藏在增刪背後的意味，及其與原著、之前續書間糾葛牽纏的關係。 第四章主要是探討清中葉的《三續金瓶梅》，以此書的別名《小補奇酸誌》所透露的「小補」、「奇酸」作為思索進路，首先是在續衍的脈絡下檢視作者「如何補」《金瓶梅》，亦即如何將其對前作的理解轉化為續衍的策略，造就一種與之既相關又相悖的微妙狀態；其次是從閱讀與接受版本看《三續金瓶梅》的思想涵化；最後則是在前述的基礎上，釐清文中的互文、解構……等現象。第五章為結論，總述以上幾部《金瓶梅》續書的書寫現象，並提出本論文的觀察：《金瓶梅》續書的後設思維表現為若干相似但卻又不盡相同的書寫現象，「後設」並非意味這批續書具有的單一的、本質性的定義，而是揭示它們總是朝向無限的可能性展開，無法自我封閉，但是又具有彼此關涉、連繫的特質。 / Although all the four sequels to Jin Ping Mei, including Xu Jin Ping Mei, Ge Lian Hua Ying, San Xu Jin Ping Mei, and Jin Wu Meng, are based on the same original, Jin Ping Mei, and belong to the same category, each has its different concerns in the aspects of echoing the original, echoing the previous works and echoing its time. In other words, the four sequels start distinct arguments on creating and criticizing through reading, disseminating, and the process of writing. This thesis observes individually the writing phenomenon of sequels to Jin Ping Mei, which flourished in Qing Dynasty, and argues that the sequels standing beyond the original and other sequels not only echo the original, but also connect other previous sequels. Thus, the competing/playing response might be caused by reading the previous works makes the lines respond the sense of beauty of its time, and simultaneously appears the highly consciousness of writing and thinking. The meta-discourse it contains in the process is what this thesis focuses on. Chapter 2 discusses Ding Yao Kang’s Xu Jin Ping Mei due to its special format and its obvious color of dynastic changeover. From Ding Yao Kang’s consciousness of writing and genre, this chapter interprets this writing phenomenon of meta-discourse with the subject/object relationship from the writer’s multi-identity, from the text and the preface and postscript to the social context and historical background. Chapter 3 analyzes other two sequels, Ge Lian Hua Ying and Jin Wu Meng, based on and with additions and deletions of Xu Jin Ping Mei, from the perspectives of dissemination and reception. The additions and deletions shows the different receptions in early Qing dynasty and in the end of Qing, and also, the interwoven relationship implied in the additions and deletions, the original, and the previous sequels can be found. Chapter 4 first observes San Xu Jin Ping Mei in mid-Qing dynasty from its alias Xiao Bu Qi Suan Zh. Its “Xiao Bu” and “Qi Suan” offers to examine how the writer mends Jin Ping Mei through the way of making sequels, that is, it offers to examine how to transfer the understanding of previous works into a policy of sequels, and it achieves a contradictious state of being relevant and being opposite. Second, how San Xu Jin Ping Mei is influenced by reading and reception would be observed. Finally, the intercontextuality and deconstruction would be indicated based on the aforementioned arguments. Chapter 5 concludes that the meta-discourses presented in the writing phenomena of the four sequels of Jin Ping Mei presented are equivalent but not exactly the same. The meta-discourse does not confine the definition to be unitary and essential; rather, it illuminates their unlimited possibility of extension, which is not completely independent but interweaves to one another.