Die begriffliche Unterscheidung von Geschlecht als einerseits biologischem Faktum (Sex) sowie anderseits als Produkt kultureller und sozialer Prozesse (Gender) geht auf Arbeiten zur Transsexualität in den sechziger Jahren zurück. Der feministische Diskurs griff die Unterscheidung auf und verstand sie in einem antibiologistischen Sinne. Die Sex-Gender-Unterscheidung impliziert jedoch auch die unhaltbare Annahme, dass es ein biologisches Substrat der Geschlechterdifferenz gäbe, welches kulturellen Unterscheidungen stets vorgängig wäre (latenter Biologismus). Wissenschaftstheoretische Arbeiten verweisen demgegenüber darauf, dass Natur stets durch die Brille der Kultur gesehen wird.

The main body of the thesis deals with selected factors underlying the considerable variability in human olfactory abilities and some odour awareness-related measures, addressed in samples ranging in age from middle childhood to young adulthood. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part (Chapter 1), first presents the major advances and developments that brought about something of a renaissance of scientific interest in the human sense of smell, including the recent proliferation of psychophysical studies, both basic research and clinical. Next, an outline of olfactory psychophysical measures and related olfactory abilities that are of relevance to the studies presented in this thesis is provided. Subsequently, the selected factors contributing to interindividual differences in olfactory abilities, that have been addressed by this thesis, are reviewed, namely the effect of sex (or gender), which is approached from a developmental perspective, childhood gender nonconformity, and personality. Finally, intraindividual fluctuations in olfactory performance are also mentioned in brief. Next, the focus shifts to odour awareness by first introducing the various approaches that can be adopted to get closer to the real-life context as opposed to laboratory setting (where most olfactory studies continue to be...

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[pt] Esta presente pesquisa aborda práticas estético-políticas nos campos das artes e dos ativismos, incluídos neste escopo práxis curatoriais e editoriais, tendo como denominador comum corpos transviados (sexo e gênero dissidentes), cujas atuações conformam redes contra-normativas de resistências a apagamentos frente aos regimes de visibilidade dominantes em espacialidade e temporalidade definidas como a cidade do Rio de Janeiro na década de 2010. Tais manifestações insurgentes integram movimentos sociais e políticos – levantes cuir, feminista e transfeminista –em curso no Brasil contemporâneo, e atuam nas mais diversas frentes sobre as quais incide o reposicionamento epistemológico frente às teorias e metodologias de base colonial e cisheteronormativa brancas. Este escrito trata-se, portanto, da consolidação de uma investigação participante, ancorada no corpo de um pesquisador bicha que, através de uma série de trabalhos em campo e pesquisas coletivas (manifestações, mostras, exposições, encontros, debates, treinamentos, festas, palestras, aulas, grupos de estudo, residências artísticas, leilão de arte, entre outras ações), cria estratégias de auto representação que atravessam as múltiplas manifestações estudadas. Através de exercícios de reconstituição das narrativas aqui retratadas, que a história oficial sistematicamente exclui da memória social, foi possível propor questões concernentes às práticas de memória e esquecimento, identificar relações entre as políticas de memória e escritas da história, alcançando o debate sobre o desenho de arquivos sexo e gênero dissidentes como prática político-estética de sobrevivência: uma queerização do campo do design, pensado aqui como design político, frente à sua responsabilidade ética. Trabalho que resultou também na realização de uma plataforma independente para a salvaguarda informacional e articulação comunicacional continuadas de práticas reunidas ao longo da realização desta pesquisa acadêmica. / [en] This research addresses aesthetic-political practices in the fields of arts and activism, included in this scope curatorial and editorial praxis, which have as common denominator gender and sex dissident bodies, whose actions form counter-normative networks of resistance to erasure against the dominant visibility regimes, in a spatiality and temporality defined as the city of Rio de Janeiro in the 2010s. These insurgent manifestations are part of a larger political movement, composed of a cuir, feminist, transfeminist uprising ongoing in contemporary Brazil, acting upon also on epistemological repositioning that are focused on theories and methodologies of colonial and white cisheteronormative basis. This writing is, therefore, the consolidation of a participatory investigation, anchored in the body of a queer researcher who, through a series of fieldwork and collective research (manifestations, exhibitions, meetings, debates, trainings, parties, lectures, classes, study groups, artistic residencies, art auction, among other actions), to think of self-representation strategies that cross multiple manifestations studied. By the reconstitution of queer narratives portrayed here, which official history systematically excludes from social memory, it was possible to propose questions concerning practices of memory and forgetting, to identify relations between memory and written policies of history, reaching the debate on the design of dissident sex and gender archives as a political-aesthetic strategy of survival: a queerization of the field of design, thought of here as political design, facing its ethical responsibility. For this reason, this work also results in the realization of an independent platform for the continued informational safeguarding and communicative articulation of practices gathered throughout this academic research.