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The crimes committed by UN peacekeepers in Africa: a reflection on jurisdictional and accountability issuesKalwahali, Kakule 27 June 2013 (has links)
This thesis investigates both substantive and procedural issues pertaining to allegations of crimes committed by UN peacekeepers in three African countries, Somalia, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Under the current UN Model Status-of-Forces Agreements, criminal jurisdiction over peacekeepers rests with their sending States. However, although the UN has no criminal jurisdiction, it has been the Office of Internal Oversight Services that has conducted investigations. It is argued that every Status of Force Agreement and every Memorandum of Understanding should contain specific clauses obligating Troop-Contributing Countries to prosecute and the UN to follow-up.
If rape, murder, assault, and any other crimes by UN peacekeepers go unpunished, the message sent to the victims is that peacekeepers are above the law. Rape is the most commonly committed crime by peacekeepers, but is usually considered as an isolated act. The procedural issue of prosecuting peacekeepers is investigated in order to establish whether troops can be caught under the ambits of the criminal law of the Host State to hold UN troops criminally accountable for their acts. The laws relative to the elements of each crime and the possible available defences under the three Host States, and the criminal law of South Africa as a Troop-Contributing Country, are discussed. The apparent lack of prosecution is investigated and existing cases of prosecution discussed. Alternatives to the unwillingness by States with criminal jurisdiction under the Status of Forces Agreement or under the Memorandum of Understanding are considered. Considering the current rules related to crimes committed by peacekeepers, the argument put forward is that crimes by peacekeepers must be dealt with completely and transparently though a Convention aiming at barring Troop-Contributing Countries who do not meet their obligations under international law from participating in future operations of peace.
This thesis, furthermore, suggests a tripartite court mechanism to fill the lacunae in the law relating to the prosecution of peacekeepers. It considers the issues of reserving jurisdiction over peacekeepers to the Troop-Contributing Countries which are reluctant to prosecute repatriated alleged perpetrators. The victims’ importance in criminal proceedings and their their right to a remedy are highlighted. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.D.
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Devenir respectable: une jeunesse populaire féminine au prisme de l'économie intime, Tanger - Maroc / Becoming respectable: the intimate economy of working-class young women in Tangier, MoroccoCheikh, Meriam 01 September 2015 (has links)
--- / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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The policing of sex workers in SunnysideMkansi, Mackenzie Prince 09 1900 (has links)
In South African Law, sex work is currently mainly dealt with in terms of the Sexual Offences and Related Matters Act 32 of 2007, although other legislation, such as the Aliens Control Act 3 of 1993 also contains provisions that are peripherally relevant to sex work. In addition, municipal by-laws play an important role in the regulation of sex work, especially outdoor sex work. These by-laws are often aimed at addressing the more visible aspects of outdoor sex work. This dissertation aims to analyse the policing methods used by the police when policing sex work in Sunnyside, and whether the police have the ability and capacity to enforce current legislation in this regard. The enormous incidents of dehumanization and abuse of sex workers by the police who are supposed to enforce the Sexual Offences Act 32 of 2007 and the previous legislation on sex work questions whether the police should be given more or less powers in dealing with this crime. This dissertation aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of relevant literature in order to provide a background for the discussion on the origins of sex work and the different legal models for dealing with sex work. The study also endeavours to establish a frame of reference for considering different legal models to deal with sex work and to identify different policies and legal approaches to sex work, and to consider the impact of the current laws regulating sex workers and the harm that result from this. The dissertation aims to explore and describe the challenges that the police in Sunnyside experience, and also to analyse the difficulties that sex workers often encounter. The knowledge generated in this study will enhance the existing knowledge in the policing of sex work, and will also serve to educate the police, criminal justice institutions, and the community about the nature and extent of the problems that policing agencies experience when policing sex workers in Sunnyside. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Policing)
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Sex workers as free agents and as victims : elucidating the life worlds of female sex workers and the discursive patterns that shape public understanding of their workMbatha, Khonzanani 01 1900 (has links)
In South Africa and many other countries worldwide, sex work is criminalised. This
invariably seems to lead to back-door prostitution - an unregulated industry where sex
workers are vulnerable to being exploited by pimps, brothel owners and law enforcement
officers. In discussions about sex work and sex workers, two dominant views are evident: a)
Sex workers freely choose to sell sex as a good way of earning an income; or b) sex workers
are victims of their circumstances who are driven into the industry through direct coercion or
as a result of dire poverty. Together, these views lead to an ideological trap in terms of which
sex workers have to be perceived either as having agency and free will or as being helpless
victims in need of rescue. My aim in this thesis was to problematise, deconstruct and
reconstruct the discursive field within which sex work is embedded, in order to move beyond
agency-victimhood and similar binaries, and in the hope of developing new ways of talking
about prostitution that acknowledge the complexity of the sex industry rather than
shoehorning it into preconceived categories. Social constructionism (epistemology), critical
social theory (ontology) and discourse analysis (methodology) were interwoven in order to
provide a broad, critical understanding of prostitution. Two data sources were used to gain
access to and unpack the life worlds of sex workers: Semi-structured interviews with five sex
workers in Johannesburg and the “Project 107” report on adult prostitution in South Africa.
Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to make sense of the data, including an analysis of
how concepts such as governmentality, power, confession, surveillance and technologies of
the self can be applied to contemporary texts about prostitution. The “Project 107” report
recommended that prostitution should not be decriminalised, and that sex work should in fact
not be classified as work; instead, it proposed a ‘diversion programme’ to help sex workers
exit the industry. I show how, in doing this, the report appears to hijack feminist discourses about sex workers as victims in order to further a conservative moral agenda. The sex
workers I spoke to, on the other hand, demonstrated an ability to take on board, and to
challenge, a variety of different discourses in order to talk about themselves as
simultaneously agentic and constrained in what they can do by unjust social structures. I
show how, from a Foucauldian perspective, sex workers can be seen not as pinned down at the bottom of a pyramid of power, but immersed in a network of power and knowledge,
enabled and constrained by ‘technologies of the self’ to assist in policing themselves through
self-discipline and self-surveillance to become suitably docile bodies within the greater
public order. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Gesinsgeweld: 'n kriminologiese ondersoekJooste, Thomas Ignatius Muller 28 February 2005 (has links)
The purpose of this research was to describe and explain family violence in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It was conducted by means of a literature review, followed by empirical research, based on police dockets, against the background of Seligman's theory on learned helplessness. Other theories were also applied eclectically. The literature review was used to design a research schedule (questionnaire). This schedule was used for data capturing from police dockets from the Crime Information Analysis Centre (CIAC) at their Gauteng Regional office in Johannesburg. From this data, a convenience sample consisting of 415 cases, was compiled. These cases were reported at the charge offices of Laudium, Alexandra, Hillbrow, Rietgat, Eersterust and Mamelodi, during the period between 1 January 2001 and 1 March 2002.
Domestic violence is caused by macrosocial-, gender- and relationship factors. These causes can be explained by certain aspects of structural- process- reaction and the learned helplesness theories. The adjudication of this causes and explanations focus on primary, secondary and tersiary aspects of prevention. Triggering facors, confrontation, crime incidents and restoring the equalibrium were studied in relation to the dynamics of domestic violence. All these factors such as causes, explanations, prevention and dynamics , are considered to explain the stabilization of domestic violence. / Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om gesinsgeweld in die Gauteng-Provinsie van
Suid-Afrika te beskryf en te verklaar. E)it is gedoen aan die hand van 'n
literatuurstudie, en is uitgebrei met 'n empiiiese ondersoek wat op polisiedossiere
gebaseer is, teen die agtergrond van Seligman se teorie van aangeleerde
hulpeloosheid, asook ander teoriee wat eklekties bygewerk is. Die literahmrstudie is
gebrnik om 'n skedule (vraelys) te ontwerp. Die navorsingskedule is gebruik vir
datavangs uit polisiedossiere. Die polisiedossiere van die Misdaadinligting-
Analisesentrum (MIAS) van Gauteng se streekkantoor in Johannesburg is gebruik vir
die samestelling van 'n geriefHkheidsteekproef bestaande uit 415 gevalle. Hierdie
gevalle kom uit die aanmeldings by die aanklagkantore van Laudium, Alexandra,
Hillbrow, Rietgat Eersterust en Mamelodi, tussen 1 Jamiaiie 2001 en 1 Maart 2002.
Makrososiale faktore, geslagsrolsosialisering en verhoudingsfaktore veroorsaak
gesinsgeweld. Sekere elemente van die struktuur- proses- reaksie- en aangeleerde
hulpeloosheidsteoriee kan dit verklaar. Die beregting van bogenoemde fokus op
primere, sekondere en tersiere voorkomingsaksies. Die dinamika waarop gefokus
word met betrekking tot gesinsgeweld sluit in aspekte soos: die snellerfaktore,
konfrontasie, die praktiese misdaadinsident en uiteindelik die herstelde ekwillibrium.
A1 die faktore (oorsake, verklarings, voorkoming en dinamika) lei uiteindelik tot die
stadium waar waar verduidelik word hoe gesinsgeweld gestabilliseer word. / Criminology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
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Gesinsgeweld: 'n kriminologiese ondersoekJooste, Thomas Ignatius Muller 28 February 2005 (has links)
The purpose of this research was to describe and explain family violence in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It was conducted by means of a literature review, followed by empirical research, based on police dockets, against the background of Seligman's theory on learned helplessness. Other theories were also applied eclectically. The literature review was used to design a research schedule (questionnaire). This schedule was used for data capturing from police dockets from the Crime Information Analysis Centre (CIAC) at their Gauteng Regional office in Johannesburg. From this data, a convenience sample consisting of 415 cases, was compiled. These cases were reported at the charge offices of Laudium, Alexandra, Hillbrow, Rietgat, Eersterust and Mamelodi, during the period between 1 January 2001 and 1 March 2002.
Domestic violence is caused by macrosocial-, gender- and relationship factors. These causes can be explained by certain aspects of structural- process- reaction and the learned helplesness theories. The adjudication of this causes and explanations focus on primary, secondary and tersiary aspects of prevention. Triggering facors, confrontation, crime incidents and restoring the equalibrium were studied in relation to the dynamics of domestic violence. All these factors such as causes, explanations, prevention and dynamics , are considered to explain the stabilization of domestic violence. / Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om gesinsgeweld in die Gauteng-Provinsie van
Suid-Afrika te beskryf en te verklaar. E)it is gedoen aan die hand van 'n
literatuurstudie, en is uitgebrei met 'n empiiiese ondersoek wat op polisiedossiere
gebaseer is, teen die agtergrond van Seligman se teorie van aangeleerde
hulpeloosheid, asook ander teoriee wat eklekties bygewerk is. Die literahmrstudie is
gebrnik om 'n skedule (vraelys) te ontwerp. Die navorsingskedule is gebruik vir
datavangs uit polisiedossiere. Die polisiedossiere van die Misdaadinligting-
Analisesentrum (MIAS) van Gauteng se streekkantoor in Johannesburg is gebruik vir
die samestelling van 'n geriefHkheidsteekproef bestaande uit 415 gevalle. Hierdie
gevalle kom uit die aanmeldings by die aanklagkantore van Laudium, Alexandra,
Hillbrow, Rietgat Eersterust en Mamelodi, tussen 1 Jamiaiie 2001 en 1 Maart 2002.
Makrososiale faktore, geslagsrolsosialisering en verhoudingsfaktore veroorsaak
gesinsgeweld. Sekere elemente van die struktuur- proses- reaksie- en aangeleerde
hulpeloosheidsteoriee kan dit verklaar. Die beregting van bogenoemde fokus op
primere, sekondere en tersiere voorkomingsaksies. Die dinamika waarop gefokus
word met betrekking tot gesinsgeweld sluit in aspekte soos: die snellerfaktore,
konfrontasie, die praktiese misdaadinsident en uiteindelik die herstelde ekwillibrium.
A1 die faktore (oorsake, verklarings, voorkoming en dinamika) lei uiteindelik tot die
stadium waar waar verduidelik word hoe gesinsgeweld gestabilliseer word. / Criminology and Security Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
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An analysis of the modus operandi of perpetrators in human traffickingPardhoothman, Swastika 06 1900 (has links)
Text in English / This research attempts to analyse the modus operandi (MO) of perpetrators used in cases of trafficking in persons for sexual purposes, and trafficking in children.
The Trafficking in Persons Bill was passed in South Africa, but not gazetted; therefore, alternate charges are used to prosecute perpetrators.
The purpose, value and elements of MO allow an investigator to link a perpetrator to a specific crime scene.
The research provides an examination of case dockets and the MO of perpetrators in human trafficking – inter alia, looking at such issues as time, location, transport routes used, criminal motive, recruitment styles, and the number of offenders.
The MO of perpetrators identified during docket analysis indicates many similarities, when compared to the international MO of traffickers.
The gathering of MO information forms a critical part of any investigation to link a perpetrator to a crime.
This research therefore presents a comprehensive examination of the MO of perpetrators, and delivers practical recommendations to monitor and combat trafficking. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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A comparative study of Zimbabwe state universities’ responsiveness to the implementation of sexual harassment policiesMawere, Daniel 12 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to explore how state universities in Zimbabwe respond
to the implementation of sexual harassment policies. Utilising a social constructivist
and interpretive lens, this exploratory qualitative case study aimed at an in-depth study
as well as a comparison of how various stakeholders respond to the implementation
of sexual harassment policies in two selected state universities. Data collection
methods took the form of key participant semi-structured interviews, focus group
discussions and document analysis. Two research sites comprised the case study.
The sample at each of the sites consisted of a registrar, two deans, two chairpersons,
a counsellor, a nurse, a security officer, a warden, two student representative
members, and three students. The data analysis consisted of hermeneutic, content
and discourse analysis. The content of in-depth interviews, feedback on
interpretations, and notes from the sexual harassment policies analysed were
considered as data in the analysis. A number of findings emanated from this study. First, sexual harassment is prevalent in the two universities studied and remains a
persistent problem. Sexual harassment occurs at three levels: that perpetrated on
female students by male lecturers; that perpetrated by female students on male
lecturers; and that perpetrated by male students on female students. Second, efforts
to mitigate incidences of sexual harassment in the two universities are hampered by
underreporting of the phenomenon, absence of very clear sexual harassment
guidelines, fear of reprisals in the event of reporting sexual harassment incidences, as
well as silence on zero tolerance to sexual harassment in the policies, ordinances and
codes of conduct. Third, the presence of a sexual harassment policy on its own is not
a guarantee of mitigating prevalence of the phenomenon. Transparent and
anonymous reporting procedures, who to report to, what ought to be done to the
harasser, the need for counselling the victim, public lectures on sexual harassment awareness and road shows could augment the need to mitigate incidences of sexual
harassment in universities. The study revealed that whilst efforts have been made to
mitigate sexual harassment incidences in the universities under study through sexual
harassment policies, preventing and effectively addressing sexual harassment in the
two universities is still a significant challenge, given the shortcomings regarding the
responsiveness of stakeholders highlighted in the study. The need for a commitment on the part of all stakeholders in the universities, to take on board measures to prevent
and respond to sexual harassment as well as promote a safe, respectful, inclusive and
welcoming environment, cannot be overemphasised. The proposition is that orienting
students and lecturers, among other stakeholders, to the universities’ cultures, policies
as well as procedures for handling sexual harassment, could lead to a climate of zero
tolerance towards the phenomenon. In other words, lecturers and students should be
made responsible for mitigating as well as preventing sexual harassment. / Lolu cwaningo beluhlose ukuphenya indlela amanyuvesi aseZimbabwe abhekana
nayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemigomo yokuhluknyezwa ngokocansi.
Ngokusebenzisa umqondo obizwa phecelezi nge- (social constructivist nangeso
lokuchaza (interpretive), lolu cwaningo lotho oluphenyayo olugxile phezu kwengxoxo,
phecelezi(exploratory qualitative case study) beluqondiswe kucwaningo olujulile
kanye nokuqhathanisa indlela abadlalindima abahlukahlukene ababhekana ngayo
ekusetshenzisweni kwemigomo yokuhluknyezwa ngokwecansi kumanyuvesi ombuso
amabili akhethiwe. Izindlela zokuqokelela idatha ziye zalandela indlela yenhlolovo
ehlelwe ngokwesigamu exuba abadlalindima abasemqoka, ziye zalandela izingxoxo
ezigxile kumaqembu aqondiwe futhi ziye zagxila ekuhlaziyeni imibhalo. Ucwaningo
lotho lwenziwe ezikhungwini ezintathu. Kanti isampuli kwesinye nesinye isikhungo
sinombhalisi, odini ababili, osihlalo ababili, umeluleki wezengqondo, umhlengikazi,
ugadi, ujele, amalungu amabili abameli babafundi, kanye nabafundi abathathu. Idatha ehlaziyiwe yequkethe, ithiyori nendlela yokuchaza (hermeneutic), okuqukethwe kanye
nomsebenzi wocwaningo ohlaziyiwe. Ulwazi oluqukethwe olumayelana nenhlolovo
ejulile, umbiko wakamuva omayelana nezincazelo, kanye namanothi avela
kwimigomo emayelana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, konke lokhu kuye kwathathwa
njengedatha emsebenzini ohlaziyiwe. Kuye kwatholakala ulwazi oluvela kucwaningo.
Okokuqala, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kuyisichelo njengomchilo wesidwaba
kumanyuvesi amabili acwaningiwe kanti lezi zenzo zilokhu ziyinkinga engapheli.
Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kwenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu, okuyizigaba
ezibhebhetheka kubafundi besifazane behlukunyezwa ngabafundisi besilisa
basemanyuvesi, kanti lezi zigameko zibhebhethekiswa ngabafundi abesifazane
kubafundisi besilisa; kanti kuphinde futhi kubhebhethekiswe abafundi abesilisa
kubafundi abesifazane. Okwesibili, Imizamo eqonde ukunciphisa izehlakalo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kumanyuvesi amabili ziphazanyiswa kungabikwa
ngokugcwele kwalezi zehlakalo, ukusweleka kwemihlahlandlela ecacile
yokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ukwesaba ukubika lezi zehlakalo zokuhlukunyezwa
ngokocansi ngenxa yokugxekwa, kanye nemigomo ethulile mayelana
nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, imitheshwana emalungana nalokhu yezifundazwe
kanye nokusweleka kwemithetho yokuziphatha. Okwesithathu, ukuba khona nje
komgomo obhekene nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi akusona isiqinisekiso sokunciphisa lezi zenzo zokuhlukumeza. Izingqubo ezikwishashalazi nezinemfihlo,
ezimayelana nokuthi ubika kuphi, kanti kufanele ohlukumezayo athathelwe ziphi
izinyathelo, isidingo sokuthi isiZulu sokuhlukunyezwa sithole ukwelulekwa
ngokwengqondoukufundiswa komphakathi ngokwexwayiswa ngokuhlukunyezwa
ngokocansi kanye nemibukiso kungagcwaliselela isidingo sokunciphisa izehlakalo
zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi emanyuvesi. Ucwaningo luyaveza ukuthi njengoba
sekwenziwe imizamo yokunciphisa izehlakalo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi
emanyuvesi acwaningwayo ngaphansi kwemigomo yokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi,
ukuvikela kanye nokudingida ngokufanele udaba lokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi
kumanyuvesi amabili kusese yinselelo enkulu, uma kubhekwa izihibhe ezikhona
mayelana nokuzibandakanya kwabadlalindima kuvezwe kucwaningo. Isidingo
sokuzimisela kwingxenye yabo bonke abadlalindima kumanyuvesi, ukuba balethe
ngaphambili imizamo yokuvikela kanye nokubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kanye nokwenza indawo ephephile, ehloniphekile, nexuba zonke izinhlaka futhi
nendawo eyamukelayo, kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu engeke yagqizwa qakala.
Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kufundiswe abafundi kanye nabafundisi, hlangana nabanye
abadlalindima, ngosikompilo lwasenyuvesi, ngemigomo kanye nangezingqubo
zokuphatha uhlelo lokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, kanti lokhu kungaholela ekwakheni
isimo esingeke savumela lolu daba. Ngamanye amagama, abafundisi kanye
nabafundi kufanele banikezwe umsebenzi wokunciphisa kanye nokuvikela izehlakalo
zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. / Morero wa thutelo ye e be e le go utolla ka moo diyunibesithi tsa Zimbabwe tseo di
thuswago ke mmuso di fetolago go phethagatso ya melaotshepetso ya tlaiso go tsa
thobalano. Ka go dirisa tebelelo go ya ka go gola ga motho le tsebo yeo a e hwetsago
ka tirisano le batho ba bangwe leagong le tlhathollo ya seo se ithutwago, tlhahlobo ye
e tseneletsego ya go hlohlomisa tshedimoso ka ga tiragalo ye e ikemiseditse go
thutelo ye e tseneletsego gammogo le papetso ya ka moo batho bao ba fapanego bao
ba nago le kgahlego ba fetolago go phethagatso ya melaotshepetso ya tlaiso go tsa
thobalano ka go diyunibesithi tse pedi tseo di kgethilwego tseo di thuswago ke mmuso.
Mekgwatshepediso ya kgoboketso ya datha e tsere popego ya ditherisano le
babotsiswa ba bohlokwa tseo di sa latelego dipotsiso tseo di beilwego, ditherisano le
dihlopha tseo di nepisitswego le tshekatsheko ya ditokomane. Ditsha tse pedi tsa
dinyakisiso di bile motheo wa thutelo ye. Sampolo ka go setsha se sengwe le se
sengwe e be e na le moretsistara, dihlogo tse pedi tsa mafapha a thuto, badulasetulo ba babedi, mogakolodi, mooki, mohlankedi wa tshireletso, mohlapetsi, maloko a
mabedi a kemedi ya baithuti, le baithuti ba bararo.
Tshekatsheko ya datha e bopilwe ke tshekatsheko ya mekgwatshepediso ya
ditlhathollo, diteng le ka moo polelo e diriswago gare ga batho. Diteng tsa ditherisano
tseo di tseneletsego, dipego ka ga ditlhathollo, le dintlha go tswa go melaotshepediso
ya tlaiso go tsa thobalano tseo di sekasekilwego di tserwe bjalo ka datha ye e
sekasekwago. Go tsweletse dikhwetso tse mmalwa thutelong ye. Sa mathomo, tlaiso
go tsa thobalano e atile diyunibesithing tse pedi tseo go ithutilwego ka tsona gomme
e sa le bothata bjo bo tswelago pele. Tliso ya thobalano e direga go ya ka magato a
mararo: leo bafahlosi ba dirago tiro ye e sego molaong ya go robala le baithuti ba
basadi, leo le dirwago ke ge baithuti ba basadi ba robala le bafahlosi ba banna, le leo
le dirwago ke ge baithuti ba banna ba robala le baithuti ba basadi. Sa bobedi, maitekelo a go fokotsa ditiragalo tsa tlaiso go tsa thobalano diyunibesithing tse pedi
tse a sitiswa ke go se begwe ga ditiragalo tse ka mo go kgotsofatsago, tlhokego ya
ditlhahlo tse di kwagalago gabotse tsa tlaiso go tsa thobalano, poifo ya boipuseletso
ge motho a ka bega ditiragalo tsa tlaiso go tsa thobalano gammogo le ge
melaotshepetso, melawana le melao ya boitshwaro di sa bolele selo ka magato ao a
ka tsewago go ditiragalo tsa tlaiso go tsa thobalano. Sa boraro, go ba gona ga molaotshepetso wa tlaiso go tsa thobalano ka bowona ga se tiiso ya phokotso ya go
ba gona ga tiragalo ye. Ditshepediso tseo di sa utego selo gape di sa utollego boitsupo
bja motho, gore ke mang, yo dipego di swanetsego go lebiswa go yena, ke seo motlaisi
a swanetswego go se dirwa, tlhokego ya gore motlaiswa a hwetse thuso go rarolla
mathata a kgobatso maikutlong a gagwe, dithuto go setshaba ka moka ka ga temoso
ya tlaiso, le dipontsho mafelong ao a fapanego di ka godisa tlhokego ya go fokotsa
ditiragalo tsa tlaiso go tsa thobalano diyunibesithing. Thutelo e utollotse gore le ge go
dirilwe maitekelo a go fokotsa ditiragalo tsa tlaiso go tsa thobalano diyunibesithing
tseo thutelo e dirilwego go tsona ka mokgwa wa melaotshepetso ya tlaiso go tsa
thobalano, go thibela le go rarolla bothata bja tlaiso go tsa thobalano ka bokgoni
diyunibesithing tse pedi tse e sa le tlhohlo ye e bonalago, ge go lebeletswe bofokodi
malebana le batho bao na nago le kgahlego bao ba supilwego thutelong ye. Tlhokego
ya boikgafo lehlakoreng la batho ka moka yunibesithing bao ba nago le kgahlego go se, go hlagisa magato a go thibela le go araba go tlaiso go tsa thobalano gammogo le
go hlola tikologo ye e bolokegilego, ye e hlomphago, e akaretsago gape e amogelago
bohle ka matsogo a borutho, go bohlokwa go fetisa ka mo go hlalositswego. Tshisinyo
ke go re go tsebisa baithuti le bafahlosi, gare ga batho ka moka bao ba nago le
kgahlego, go ditlwaelo, melaotshepetso gammogo le ditshepediso tsa go rarolla tlaiso
go tsa thobalano, go ka hlola tikologo yeo e sa kgotlelelego tiragalo yeo le gatee. Ka
mantsu a mangwe, bafahlosi le baithuti ba swanetse go rweswa boikarabelo bja go
fokotsa gammogo le go thibela tlaiso go tsa thobalano. / Educational Studies / Ph. D. (Comparative Education)
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Hierarchie a chování člověka. BDSM jako alternativní sexuální chování. / Hierarchy and human behavior. BDSM as an alternative sexual behaviour.Jozífková, Eva January 2016 (has links)
Preferences for sexual arousal by overstated dominance and submission in sex is categorized as F65.5, sadomasochism, according to ICD, but this behaviour is called BDSM among the general public. The ground of these preferences could be ultimately biological. These preferences reflect behavioural strategy which enables to gain higher reproductive success. Men and women who were sexually aroused by a submissive partner had more male relatives than men and women with other preferences. Contrary to the women, the dominant men reported themselves as more attractive. Women who were aroused by a higher-ranking partner considered themselves more attractive. Sons of couples in which was hierarchical disparity had more siblings than sons of "equal" couples or couples with no hierarchical disparity. Daughters of hierarchically disparate couples had more brothers than daughters of "both dominant" partners. Concurrently, number and gender of offspring as well as self- reported attractiveness are likely to be criteria of the reproductive success in humans. It is also interesting that hierarchically disparate couples, without regard to gender of higher-ranking partner, reached higher reproductive success than "equal" couples. Individuals who preferred higher- or lower-ranking partner were also aroused by...
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Hierarchie a chování člověka. BDSM jako alternativní sexuální chování. / Hierarchy and human behavior. BDSM as an alternative sexual behaviour.Jozífková, Eva January 2016 (has links)
Preferences for sexual arousal by overstated dominance and submission in sex is categorized as F65.5, sadomasochism, according to ICD, but this behaviour is called BDSM among the general public. The ground of these preferences could be ultimately biological. These preferences reflect behavioural strategy which enables to gain higher reproductive success. Men and women who were sexually aroused by a submissive partner had more male relatives than men and women with other preferences. Contrary to the women, the dominant men reported themselves as more attractive. Women who were aroused by a higher-ranking partner considered themselves more attractive. Sons of couples in which was hierarchical disparity had more siblings than sons of "equal" couples or couples with no hierarchical disparity. Daughters of hierarchically disparate couples had more brothers than daughters of "both dominant" partners. Concurrently, number and gender of offspring as well as self- reported attractiveness are likely to be criteria of the reproductive success in humans. It is also interesting that hierarchically disparate couples, without regard to gender of higher-ranking partner, reached higher reproductive success than "equal" couples. Individuals who preferred higher- or lower-ranking partner were also aroused by...
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