Recent studies have shown that sexual functioning and sexually related personal distress are weakly related in women, with only a minority of sexual difficulties resulting in significant levels of distress. However, there has been little systematic research to date on which factors moderate the relationship between sexual functioning and sexual distress. Our aim was to assess the degree to which relational intimacy and attachment anxiety moderate the association between sexual functioning and sexual distress in college-age women. Two hundred women (mean age = 20.25) completed surveys assessing sexual functioning, relational intimacy, attachment anxiety, and sexual distress. Relational intimacy and attachment anxiety moderated the association between multiple aspects of sexual functioning and sexual distress. For lubrication and sexual pain, functioning was more strongly associated with distress in low-intimacy vs. high-intimacy relationships, but only for women with high levels of attachment anxiety. Results regarding desire were mixed and neither intimacy nor attachment anxiety interacted with subjective arousal or orgasm in predicting distress. We conclude that both relational intimacy and attachment anxiety are important moderators of the association between sexual functioning and subjective sexual distress in women. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. / text

No description available.

Perhaps one of the most embodied of human experiences, sexuality can be greatly affected by the way in which women perceive their body. Historically, scholars have dedicated their attention to negative facets of body image and how it is associated with poorer female sexual health, while mostly overlooking the positive aspects of this relationship. Similarly, although ageing is a key factor to consider when examining body image and sexual health, only a dearth of studies has attempted to describe the experiences of non-university aged women. To fill these gaps, this research program was designed to investigate the associations between positive and negative aspects of body image and explore how each contributes to sexual health in age-varied samples of adult women. Two survey studies were carried out. A total of 215 heterosexual women, aged 18 to 88, participated in the first study. Despite a high statistical overlap between body appreciation (i.e., positive body image) and body dissatisfaction (i.e., negative body image), the former was found to be a greater contributing factor to indicators of sexual health. Specifically, body appreciation was related to improved sexual function, lower sexuality-related distress, and higher sexual satisfaction, even when controlling for body mass index. Although many changes occur to the body as women get older, body appreciation was unrelated to age in this sample. Nevertheless, it was shown to moderate the negative association between age and sexual satisfaction, such that older women with high appreciation for their body reported being significantly more sexually satisfied than those with low body appreciation. While the first study explored the body image and sexual health experiences of adult women in general, the second article focused on the mechanisms through which one is related to the other in midlife and older women specifically. A total of 193 heterosexual women, aged 50 to 83, completed an online survey. Support was provided for the use of objectification theory (Frederickson & Roberts, 1997), a well-established theoretical framework in body image research, in explaining sexual health in midlife and older women. Body self-consciousness during sex partially explained the relationship between body shame, appearance anxiety, and sexual function, distress, and satisfaction. High body appreciation mitigated the detrimental effect of self-objectification constructs (i.e., body surveillance, appearance anxiety) and body self-consciousness during sex on midlife and older women's sexual health. Overall, based on the results of this dissertation, body appreciation appears to serve as a protective factor for improved sexual health. Similar to sexual satisfaction and sexual distress, positive and negative aspects of body image are related, but nonetheless distinct, concepts that should not be used interchangeably. Furthermore, midlife and older women's body image and sexual experiences differ from that of their younger counterparts; systematic generalisation of findings from one group to the other is thus unwarranted. Consideration for these various distinctions is not only required for increased understanding of the complex links between body image and sexuality across adulthood, but also relevant to guide prevention efforts at a sociocultural level and clinical interventions at the individual level.

Malgré le rôle central qu’ils jouent dans la sexualité, le désir sexuel et le comportement sexuel restent mal compris – particulièrement chez les couples. La rareté des résultats empiriques dans ce domaine contribue à l’écart qui existe actuellement entre la recherche en sexualité et la pratique clinique, et peut impacter négativement la qualité des soins disponibles aux nombreux couples qui consultent pour des problèmes de désir sexuel - la plainte la plus courante en thérapie sexuelle. L'objectif des trois articles de cette recherche doctorale était d'aider à combler cette lacune en étudiant le désir sexuel dans le cadre d’une perspective relationnelle. L’hypothèse de départ de ce travail était que le bien-être de chaque partenaire est influencé en interaction avec l’autre partenaire, et que cette influence est médiée en partie par le comportement sexuel du couple. Les résultats obtenus appuient cette hypothèse : Ils suggèrent que les interactions positives pendant les rapports sexuels, telles que les motivations d'approche « pour soi » et « pour l’autre » des deux partenaires et les comportements génitaux et affectifs du couple sont associées à une plus grande satisfaction sexuelle et à un plus fort sentiment d’intimité (étude 1). À l'inverse, les difficultés sexuelles telles que le faible désir sexuel sont associées à des restrictions de comportement sexuel et à l'insatisfaction sexuelle (étude 2). De même, les asynchronies entre partenaires telles que les décalages de désir sexuel sont associées à une plus grande détresse sexuelle (étude 3). Enfin, la troisième étude commence à établir une direction et une portée à ces associations, en suggérant que les problèmes de décalage de désir sexuel prédisent la détresse sexuelle d'un jour à l'autre, et que ces associations quotidiennes sont reflétées par des associations plus distales sur des périodes d’un an ou plus. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec les recherches récentes sur la régulation émotionnelle en sexualité, et plus spécifiquement, avec des modèles où le désir sexuel joue un rôle régulateur, médié par des variations de comportement sexuel. Il est espéré qu'au-delà de ces contributions conceptuelles, la présente recherche sera utile aux cliniciens. En particulier, ces résultats soutiennent les thérapies qui se concentrent sur les interactions quotidiennes entre les partenaires pour aider les couples aux prises avec des problèmes de désir sexuel. / Despite the central role they play in sexuality, sexual desire and sexual behaviour remain poorly understood in committed couples. The paucity of empirical results in this area contributes to the distance between research and clinical practice, and negatively impacts the quality of care offered to the many couples seeking help for sexual desire issues – the most common complaint in sex therapy. The objective of the three articles in this doctoral research was to help address this gap by studying sexual desire within a relational perspective, working from the assumption that each partner’s wellbeing was influenced by that of the other partner, and that this influence was mediated in part by the couples’ sexual behaviour. Results from this research suggest that positive interactions during sex, such as self- and other-approach motives and genital and affective behaviours, are associated with greater sexual satisfaction and intimacy (study 1). In contrast, sexual difficulties such as low sexual desire are associated with restrictions in sexual behaviour and sexual dissatisfaction (study 2), and asynchronies between partners such as sexual desire discrepancy are associated with sexual distress (study 3). Furthermore, the third study begins to establish a direction and span to these associations, by suggesting that issues with sexual desire discrepancy are predictive of sexual distress from one day to the next, and that these daily associations are mirrored by more distal associations spanning a year or more. These results are consistent with recent research on emotional regulation in sexuality, and more specifically, with proposals that sexual desire plays a regulatory role in the couple, mediated by variations in sexual behaviour. It is hoped that, beyond these conceptual contributions, this research will be of use to clinicians. In particular, these results support the use of therapies that focus on everyday interactions between partners to help couples struggling with sexual desire issues.

Background Relational intimacy is hypothesized to underlie the association between female sexual functioning and various sexual outcomes, and married women and women with sexual dysfunction have been generally absent from prior studies investigating these associations, thus restricting generalizability. Aim To investigate whether relational intimacy mediates sexual outcomes (sexual satisfaction, coital frequency, and sexual distress) in a sample of married women with and without impaired sexual functioning presenting in clinical settings. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, 64 heterosexual married women with (n = 44) and without (n = 20) impaired sexual functioning completed a battery of validated measurements assessing relational intimacy, sexual dysfunction, sexual frequency, satisfaction, and distress. Intimacy measurements were combined using latent factor scores before analysis. Bias-corrected mediation models of the indirect effect were used to test mediation effects. Moderated mediation models examined whether indirect effects were influenced by age and marital duration. Outcomes Patients completed the Female Sexual Function Index, the Couple's Satisfaction Index, the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women, the Inclusion of the Other in the Self Scale, and the Miller Social Intimacy Test. Results Mediation models showed that impaired sexual functioning is associated with all sexual outcomes directly and indirectly through relational intimacy. Results were predominantly independent of age and marital duration. Clinical Implications Findings have important treatment implications for modifying interventions to focus on enhancing relational intimacy to improve the sexual functioning of women with impaired sexual functioning. Strengths and Limitations The importance of the role relational intimacy plays in broad sexual outcomes of women with impaired sexual functioning is supported in clinically referred and married women. Latent factor scores to improve estimation of study constructs and the use of contemporary mediation analysis also are strengths. The cross-sectional design precludes any causal conclusions and it is unknown whether the results generalize to male partners, partners within other relationship structures, and non-heterosexual couples. Conclusion Greater relational intimacy mitigates the adverse impact of impaired sexual functioning on sexual behavior and satisfaction in women. Witherow MP, Chandraiah S, Seals SR, et al. Relational Intimacy Mediates Sexual Outcomes Associated With Impaired Sexual Function: Examination in a Clinical Sample. J Sex Med 2017;14:843–851.

L’étude de l’intimité a été négligée chez les couples dont la femme présente une vulvodynie, un problème de santé sexuelle qui affecte négativement les femmes et leurs partenaires. Or, l’intimité a été associée à des indicateurs d’adaptation psychologique et conjugale auprès d’autres populations cliniques. L’objectif de la thèse était d’examiner les liens entre l’intimité et le bien-être sexuel chez les femmes présentant de la vulvodynie et leurs partenaires. Le but du premier article était d’examiner l’intimité conjugale et l’intimité sexuelle en lien avec la satisfaction sexuelle, la fonction sexuelle, le sentiment d’auto-efficacité face à la douleur et l’intensité de la douleur vulvo-vaginale de la femme. Quatre-vingt-onze femmes présentant de la vulvodynie et leurs partenaires ont complété des mesures auto-rapportées. Chez les femmes, une plus grande intimité sexuelle a été associée à une satisfaction sexuelle et à un sentiment d’auto-efficacité plus élevés. Des degrés plus élevés d’intimité conjugale et sexuelle ont été associés à une fonction sexuelle plus élevée. L’intimité sexuelle et conjugale n’ont pas été associées à l’intensité de la douleur. Le deuxième article visait, par une méthodologie observationnelle et des mesures auto-rapportées, à examiner les associations entre deux composantes centrales de l’intimité – le dévoilement et la réponse empathique – et la satisfaction et la détresse sexuelle chez cinquante femmes et leurs partenaires. Le dévoilement et la réponse empathique ont été évalués selon la perspective d’une observatrice formée et auto-rapportés par les couples après une tâche de discussion. Les femmes et les partenaires ayant une plus grande réponse empathique rapportaient eux-mêmes une satisfaction sexuelle plus élevée. Pendant la discussion, une plus grande réponse empathique chez les femmes a été associée à une plus grande satisfaction sexuelle chez leurs partenaires. Un plus grand dévoilement chez le couple, tel que perçu par les femmes et leurs partenaires, a été associé à une plus grande satisfaction sexuelle chez les partenaires. Une plus grande réponse empathique chez les femmes a été associée à une plus faible détresse sexuelle chez les partenaires. Un plus grand dévoilement chez le couple, tel que perçu par les partenaires, a été associé à une plus faible détresse sexuelle chez ces derniers. Les implications cliniques, théoriques et méthodologiques de la thèse sont discutées. / Intimacy has been a neglected area of research among couples coping with vulvodynia, a sexual health problem which has a negative impact on the sexual well-being of both the woman and her partner. Yet, intimacy has been associated with indicators of psychological and marital adjustment in other clinical populations. The main goal of this thesis was to investigate associations between intimacy and sexual well-being in women with vulvodynia and their partners. The first article aimed to examine relationship intimacy and sexual intimacy in relation to sexual satisfaction, sexual function, pain self-efficacy and pain during intercourse in women. Ninety-one women with vulvodynia and their partners completed self-report questionnaires. Women’s higher sexual intimacy was associated with their higher sexual satisfaction and pain self-efficacy. Women’s higher relationship intimacy and sexual intimacy were also associated with their higher sexual function. Relationship intimacy and sexual intimacy were not associated with pain intensity. Using a combination of observational and self-report methodologies, the second article aimed to investigate the associations between two central components of intimacy – empathic response and disclosure – and sexual satisfaction and distress among fifty women and their partners. Disclosure and empathic response were measured from the perspective of a trained observer and self-reported by women and their partners immediately following a discussion task. During the discussion, greater empathic response in women and partners were associated with their own higher sexual satisfaction. Greater women’s empathic response was associated with their partners’ higher sexual satisfaction. Greater disclosure in couples, as perceived by women and partners, was associated with higher partners’ sexual satisfaction. Greater empathic response in women was associated with partners’ lower sexual distress. Greater disclosure in couples, as perceived by partners, was associated with partners’ lower sexual distress. Clinical, theoretical, methodological implications of the thesis are discussed.

L'adolescence est une période importante dans le développement de soi en tant qu'être sexuel, qui contribue à façonner le bien-être sexuel ultérieur de l'adulte. La thèse visait à documenter les barrières aux expériences sexuelles positives à l’adolescence avec les données de la cohorte PRÉSAJ. La première étude, incluant 1036 adolescents en troisième secondaire, a examiné le vécu d’intimidation, le bien-être sexuel, et le rôle médiateur des difficultés de régulation émotionnelle en tenant compte du genre et de l’orientation sexuelle. Le vécu d’intimidation était négativement associé aux difficultés de désir/excitation sexuelle et positivement associé à la détresse sexuelle. Les difficultés de régulation émotionnelle ont agi comme médiateur entre l’intimidation et la fonction orgasmique, ainsi que la détresse sexuelle. La deuxième étude a examiné les différences en fonction du genre et de la configuration relationnelle quant à l'orgasme (durant la masturbation et avec partenaire) et les comportements sexuels (oraux et manuels) chez 2800 adolescents en cinquième secondaire. Les résultats ont montré que, par rapport aux garçons cisgenres, les filles cisgenres avaient moins de chances de rapporter un orgasme pendant la masturbation et avec un partenaire. De plus, les filles cisgenres recevaient davantage de stimulation manuelle, mais moins de stimulation orale. Ensuite, les individus trans et non-binaires (TNB) assignés au sexe masculin à la naissance (AMAN) recevaient davantage de stimulation manuelle, mais les individus TNB assignés au sexe féminin àla naissance (AFAN) recevaient moins de stimulation orale que les garçons cisgenres. Pour la configuration relationnelle, les filles cisgenres ayant des partenaires de genre différent et les filles cisgenres ayant des partenaires de genre multiple avaient moins de chances d'avoir déjà eu un orgasme pendant la masturbation, rapportaient plus de difficultés à expérimenter l'orgasme avec un partenaire et recevaient moins de stimulation orale comparativement garçons cisgenres ayant un partenaire de genre différent. Le groupe TNB AMAN avec des partenaires de même genre avait plus de chances d’avoir un orgasme en se masturbant et de recevoir davantage de stimulation orale comparativement au groupe TNB AFAN ayant des partenaires de genre multiple. En outre, le groupe TNB AFAN avec des partenaires de même genre a rapporté plus de difficultés d'orgasme avec partenaire et recevait moins de stimulation manuelle. La troisième étude visait à identifier les classes longitudinales de changements dans l'identité sexuelle, les décrire en termes de variables sociodémographiques, et tester les associations avec le bien-être sexuel ultérieur. Une analyse de classe latentes incluant 3027 adolescents de 14 à 17 ans a permis de dégager trois classes: Identité Hétérosexuelle Stable (Classe 1 : 84,4%), Identité Principalement de Minorité Sexuelle (Classe 2 : 10,2%), et Identité de Minorité Sexuelle Émergente ou en Questionnement Constant (Classe 3 : 5,4%). Par rapport à la Classe 1, être membre de la Classe 2 était associé à une satisfaction sexuelle plus faible et une détresse sexuelle plus élevée, alors qu’être membre de la classe 3 était associé à un désir/excitation sexuelle plus élevée. Les implications et contributions cliniques, théoriques et méthodologiques, ainsi que les limites de la thèse seront discutées. / Adolescence is an important period in the development of the sense of self as a sexual being, which contributes to shape subsequent adult sexual wellbeing. The general objective of this thesis was to document experiences of and barriers to positive sexuality experiences in adolescence. The aim of the first study was to examine the associations between bullying victimization and sexual wellbeing (sexual satisfaction, sexual desire/arousal, orgasm function and sexual distress) via the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties, considering potential sexual/gender minority differences in 1036 sexually active high school students. Bullying victimization was directly and negatively associated with sexual desire/arousal difficulties and positively with sexual distress. Greater emotion regulation difficulties mediated the associations between greater bullying victimization and greater orgasmic difficulties, as well as greater bullying victimization and greater sexual distress. The second study examined differences in orgasm and sexual behaviours across gender and sexual orientation among 2800 middle adolescents. Results showed that, using cisgender boys as reference, cisgender girls had lower odds of experiencing orgasm during masturbation, more difficulties with orgasm during partnered sex, received more manual sex, and less oral sex. TNB individuals assigned male at birth (AMAB) received more manual stimulation, and TNB assigned female at birth (AFAB) received less oral sex. For dyad type, using cisgender boys with different-gender partners as reference, cisgender girls with different-gender partners and cisgender girls with multiple-gender partners had lower odds of having ever experienced orgasm during masturbation, reported more difficulties experiencing orgasm during partnered sex and received oral stimulation less often. Using TNB AFAB with multiple-gender partners as reference, TNB AMAB with same-gender partners had higher odds of experiencing orgasm while masturbating and receiving more oral stimulation. Also, TNB AFAB with same-gender partners reported more diffiuclties with orgasm in partnered contexts and received less manual stimulation. The third study aimed to identify and characterize longitudinal classes of sexual identity change across three time points and test the associations between class membership and later sexual wellbeing. A total of 3027 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years completed in-class questionnaires during three waves over three years. Three-step latent class analysis of sexual identity including sociodemographic covariates was followed by Wald tests to examine differences in sexual wellbeing across classes. Three classes emerged: Consistent Heterosexual (84.4%), Mostly Sexual Minority (10.2 %), and Consistent Questioning and Emerging Sexual Minority (5.4 %). Compared to Consistent Heterosexuals, other class members were more likely to be cisgender girls or trans/non-binary youth. Also, members of the Consistent Questioning and Emerging Sexual Minority classes had higher odds of coming from a metropolitan area. Compared to Consistent Heterosexuals, Mostly Sexual Minority members had lower sexual satisfaction as well as higher sexual distress, yet members of the Consistent Questioning and Emerging Sexual Minority class had significantly higher sexual desire/arousal. Results document the complex associations between identity and sexuality during adolescence. The clinical, theoretical and methodological implications and contributions, as well as the limitations of the thesis are discussed.

No description available.